14 cfr part 61 certification of: pilots, flight instructors and ground instructors

14 CFR Part 61Certification of:

Pilots, Flight Instructors

and Ground Instructors

OBJECTIVE GIVEN THE FOLLOWING REVIEW,

YOU WILL BE ABLE TO

DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF

14 CFR PART 61 INCLUDING

CHANGES, RELATING TO PILOT

CERTIFICATION AND CURRENCY.

CURRENT

REGULATIONS

61.1 APPLICABILITY

Certificates, Ratings,

Authorizations, Privileges, and

Limitations–Pilot

–Flight Instructor

–Ground Instructor

Under Part 61 & Approved Courses

Certificates & Ratings

Medical Requirements

Knowledge Tests

Endorsements & Recommendations

Practical Test Regulations

Miscellaneous

Application ... On a Form and in a

Manner Acceptable ... (8710.1)

A Citizen/Resident Is Entitled ...

Upon Completing Training &

Certification Requirements.61.13(a)

CERTIFICATES, RATINGS, AND AUTHORIZATIONS

Appropriate Limitations Will Be Placed on

Certificates:

–Able To Meet All Other Certification

Requirements

–Physical Limitation in Medical Records

–Determination That Safety Is Not

Adversely Effected (Administrator--FSDO)

61.13(b)

CERTIFICATES, RATINGS, AND AUTHORIZATIONS

PILOT CERTIFICATES

Student Pilot Recreational Pilot Private Pilot Commercial Pilot Airline Transport Pilot

61.5(a)

Flight Instructor

Flying privileges are

NOT included.

61.5(a) & 61.193

Ground Instructor

Now In Part 61

Subpart I

61.5(a) & 61.215

What Is an

“Authorized Instructor”?

Authorized Instructor

Current Flight Instructor Certificate Under

Part 61

Valid Ground Instructor Certificate Under

Part 61

Authorized By Administrator (121, 135,

142, 61.41, SFAR 58 )-- May Only Make

Appropriate Training Endorsements

61.1(b)(2)

Flight Instructor Must Hold -

–Type Rating If Required for Aircraft

Five Hours PIC (Certificated) in -

–Multiengine

–Helicopter

–Powered-Lift

Authorized Instructor

61.195(e)&(f)

When Is a Pilot, Medical

Or Instructor Certificate

Required to Be in Ones

Physical Possession?

Certificates That Must Be in Physical

Possession, or Readily Accessible in the

Aircraft

Pilot and Medical Certificates

–To Act as PIC or Required Crewmember

Flight or Ground Instructor’s Certificate –When Giving Instruction

61.3

TEMPORARY CERTIFICATES

Point out that it is effective for no more than 120 days.

61.17

CERTIFICATES

Suspended Pilot, Flight Instructor,

or Ground Instructor Certificate:

–May Not Apply for Any Certificate,

Rating or Authorization During the

Suspension.

61.13(d)

Revoked Pilot, Flight Instructor or

Ground Instructor Certificate:

–May Not Apply for Any

Certificate, Rating or

Authorization for One Year After

Revocation.

CERTIFICATES

61.13(d)

CERTIFICATES

Offenses Involving Drugs

Denial of an Application for

Any Certificate, Rating or

Authorization for up to 1 Year

After Date of Final Conviction.

61.15(a)

CERTIFICATES

MOTOR VEHICLE ACTIONConviction Related to Motor Vehicle

Operation While Intoxicated, Impaired, or Under Influence

MUST Provide a Written Report to FAA Security Within 60 Days of the Action– Non-Compliance Is Grounds for

Suspension or Revocation 61.15(e)

61.5 RATINGS

Category, Class, Type & Instrument

How Many Category Ratings Exist?

What Are They?

CATEGORY RATINGSAirplane Rotorcraft

Glider

Lighter-than-air

Powered-lift

Powered Parachute...?

What Are The Class Ratings For

Airplane?

Rotorcraft?

Lighter-Than-Air?

Glider?

AIRPLANE CLASS RATINGS

Single Engine Land Multiengine Land Single Engine Sea Multiengine Sea

ROTORCRAFT CLASS RATINGS

Helicopter Gyrocopter

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR CLASS RATINGS

Airship Balloon

Gliders HaveNo Class

TYPE RATINGS

Required to Act As PIC of:

Large Aircraft (Except L-T-A)–Airplanes & Helicopters

Turbojet Powered Airplanes

Other Aircraft Specified

61.31(a)

CATEGORY, CLASS, & TYPE RATINGSRequired To:

Act or Serve As PIC for

Compensation or Hire, While

Carrying Another Person, or

During Operations for

Compensation or Hire.

61.31(c) & (d)(1)

Receiving Training While Under the Supervision of an Authorized Instructor

Solo Endorsement

61.31(d)(2)&(3)

CATEGORY, CLASS, & TYPE RATINGS

NOT REQUIRED TO SERVE AS PIC

When Taking a Practical

Test Given by an Examiner.

61.31(k)(2)(i)

CATEGORY, CLASS, TYPE RATING,

& ENDORSEMENTS FOR COMPLEX, HIGH

PERFORMANCE, TAIL-WHEEL, &

PRESSURIZED OPERATIONS TRAINING ARE

NOT REQUIRED

TO SERVE AS PIC

MEDICAL CERTIFICATES

61.23

What Class Medical Is Required

To Take an Airplane or Helicopter

Airline Transport Pilot

Practical Test?

At Least a 3rd Class Medical Is

Required Prior to Taking a Practical

Test for Pilot Certificates or Ratings

(Other Than Glider or Balloon)

–Applicant Qualification to be PIC

MEDICAL CERTIFICATES

61.23(3)(v) &  61.39(a)(4)

MEDICAL CERTIFICATES: REQUIREMENT

Medical Requirement Is Based on Privilege Exercised (Except Glider/Balloon)

First Class -- Airline Transport PilotSecond Class -- CommercialThird Class

–Student, Recreational, Private

–Instructor - While Required Crewmember

–Practical Test at All Pilot Certificate Levels (61.39(4)) 61.23(a)

MEDICAL CERTIFICATES: DURATION(Expires at the end of the Last Day of the

___th Month After Month of Examination)

First Class -- sixth month

Second Class -- 12th month

Third Class -- (Changed 9/16/96)

–36th Month, If Issued Before 40th

Birthday

–24th Month, If Issued on or After

40th Birthday61.23(c)

An Applicant Obtained a Third Class

Medical and Student Pilot Certificate

One Year Before Becoming 40 Years Old.

How Long Do These Certificates Remain

Valid When the Applicant Becomes

40 Years Old?

The Medical Certificate Is Still

Valid for Two More Years. Validity

Is Based Upon Age at Issuance.

The Student Pilot Certificate Is Only Valid

For One More Year. The Validity of

Student

Pilot Certificates Remains Unchanged at

24

Calendar Months.  61.19(b) & 61.23(c)

Is a Flight Instructor Required

to Hold A Medical To Give

Instruction and Receive

Compensation?

NO

However the Instructor CannotAct As a Required Crewmember.

This Prevents Instruction OfStudent Pilots or Instrument

Instruction When a View LimitingDevice Is Being Used.

 61.23(b)(5)

Does the Requirement, “. . . To Certify

That There Are No Known Medical

Deficiencies. . .” Still Exist for

Applicants of Balloon

or Glider Ratings?

NO

§ 61.23(b)(1) & (2) Eliminate The Requirement.

Block W Need Not Be Completed

And Will Be Removed On The Revised Form.

However, § 61. 53 Prohibiting Operations

During Medical Deficiency Applies.

KNOWLEDGE TESTS

KNOWLEDGE TESTS

How Long Is a Knowledge Test Passing Score Validity?

Is There Any Exception?

A Passing Score Is Valid For 24 Calendar

Months - 61.39(a)(1).

No Exception, This Applies to All

Knowledge Tests.

However, an Expired Test Result Can Be

Used for an ATP Practical Test Under

Specific Circumstances.

Expired Knowledge Test Report May Be

Used By An ATP Applicant If:

Employed As Flight Crewmember by Part

121, 125, or 135 Certificate Holder

Accomplished Approved PIC

Qualification Program and Training

Appropriate to Certificate/Rating Sought

KNOWLEDGE TESTS

61.39(b)

A Knowledge Test Is Required for Adding ATP-Rotorcraft (Helicopter) to an ATP-Airplane

OR

Adding Airplane to an ATP-Rotorcraft.

KNOWLEDGE TESTS

61.165 (a)(2), (b)(2), (c)(2)

ADDITIONAL RATING AT OTHER THAN

AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LEVEL

Knowledge Test Not Required for

Addition of Category, Class, or Type

Rating

–Power to Power

–Power to Non Power

KNOWLEDGE TESTS

61.63 (b)(5), (c)(5), (d)(6)

An Applicant Is NOT Required to

Take A (Short) Knowledge Test to Add

Instrument to Another Category, If

the Person Already Holds an

Instrument Rating. SHORTTESTS

61.65(a)(7)

KNOWLEDGE TESTS

ENDORSEMENTS

Type SpecificPressurized

High Performance

Tail Wheel

Glider Operations

Complex

Student Solo, X/C, etc..

KNOWLEDGE TEST ENDORSEMENT

For Presentation at the Computer Test

Center

– Logbook Endorsement

– Certificate of Graduation

– Statement of Completion

Test Results Acceptable for Endorsement

Requirement by Examiners

§ 61.35 & AC  61.65D

What Are the Three Endorsements

That Are Generally Required by

§ 61.39 For Initial Practical Tests?

GENERAL ENDORSEMENT REQUIREMENT

Training Within the Preceding 60 Days

Knowledge Test Deficiency Review, When Appropriate

Prepared For Practical Test

§ 61.39(a)(6)

GENERAL ENDORSEMENT REQUIREMENT

Exceptions -- § 61.39(c):

ATP or Additional Rating to ATP

Type Rating

Holder of Foreign License of At Least The Privilege Sought

§ 61.39(a)(6)

What Two Solo Endorsements

Must Be Found for All

Recreational or

Private Pilot Applicants?

ENDORSEMENTSPRIVATE & RECREATIONAL PILOT

Solo Make/Model on Student

Certificate

Solo Make/Model Within 90 Days

Preceding Flight in Logbook

§ 61.87(l)

What Additional Solo

Endorsements Must Be Found

for Private Pilot Airplane

Or Rotorcraft Applicants?

ENDORSEMENTSPRIVATE PILOT

AIRPLANE / ROTORCRAFT

Solo X/C for Category on Student

Certificate - § 61.93(c)(1)

Solo X/C for Make/Model in Logbook

- § 61.93(c)(2)(i)

Each Solo X/C - Make/Model in

Logbook - § 61.93(c)(2)(ii)

TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS(TO ACT AS PIC)

61.31(e)

TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS(TO ACT AS PIC)

Complex Airplane - Regulatory Term

-Flaps

-Controllable Pitch Propeller

-Retractable Landing Gear

A Complex Seaplane

-Flaps

-Controllable Propeller

61.31(e)

TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS(TO ACT AS PIC)

High-Performance Airplane - “An Engine”

of More Than 200 Hp

Some Light-Twins May Be Complex, But

Not High Performance

Turbine Powered Aircraft Are High-

Performance - But Are NotNot Complex !Complex !

61.31(f)

Pressurized Aircraft With Either

Service Ceiling or Max Operating

Altitude Above 25,000 Feet MSL. (4/15/91)

“Type Specific Training” Required by

Aircraft Type Certificate (e.g.,., R-22)

61.31(g),(h)

TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS(TO ACT AS PIC)

Tailwheel Airplanes (4/15/91)

Logbook Training Endorsements

for “Ground Tow”, “Aero Tow”

and “Self Launch” Replace

Limitations Shown on Certificates

61.31(i),(j)

TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS(TO ACT AS PIC)

RETESTING AFTER FAILURE

61.49

RETESTING AFTER FAILURE

No 30 - Day Delay for Retesting

Required Endorsement:

–Received the Necessary Training From an Authorized Instructor ...

–Is Determined to Be Proficient to Pass the Test

30 DAYDELAY

61.49

RECOMMENDATION

PREPARED & READY

To Be Eligible for a Practical Test -

–Instructor’s Signature on the 8710-1

Application --The “Form and Manner

Acceptable”. This Is Required in Addition to the Logbook

Endorsement That the Applicant Is PREPARED for the Required Practical Test

RECOMMENDATION

61.39(a)(6)(ii) & 61.13

EXCEPTION:

An Instructor’s Recommendation Is NOT

Required for the INITIAL Practical Test

for an ATP Certificate or a Type Ratings.

RECOMMENDATION

61.39(c)(2) & (3)

Practical Test Regulations

STATUS OF EXAMINER

Represents Administrator to

Observe Applicant’s Performance

NOT The Pilot-in-Command Except

by Prior Agreement (Such

Agreement Is Not Recommended)

61.47

ENGLISH LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS

61.65, 61.75, 61.83, 61.96, 61.103, 61.123, 61.153

Read, Speak, WRITE, and Understand

English

Inability Due to Medical Condition

Operating Limitations on Certificate

• Required Knowledge Test

• Required Training & Experience

• At Least 3rd Class Medical (If Required)

• Prescribed Age

• Required Endorsements

• Completed & Signed Application

61.39 PREREQUISITES FOR PRACTICAL TEST

PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES

(1) Areas of Operation & Tasks Safely

and Within Approved Standards

(2) Mastery of the Aircraft -- Never

Seriously in Doubt

(3) Proficiency & Competency

(4) Sound Judgment

(5) Single-pilot Competence 61.43

Fail Any Area of Operation (Task) = Failure of

Practical Test

Examiner or Applicant May Discontinue Test --

Failure, Weather, Airworthiness or Safety

–60 Day Credit For Passed Areas of Operations

PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES

61.43

PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES

WHEN SHOULD THE EXAMINER NOTIFY AN APPLICANT OF

UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE?

PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES

IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE UNSATISFACTORILY

PERFORMANCE HAS BEEN DETERMINED.

REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT

No Limitations Prohibiting Tasks

Adequate Visibility for Safetyand Evaluation

Required Equipment

APPLICANT’S RESPONSIBILITY

Two Pilot Stations

61.45

61.45(b)(2) PRACTICAL TESTS: REQUIRED EQUIPMENT

The Limitations “Center Thrust” or

Specific Make and Model

–Authorized If An Applicant Provides an

Aircraft With Operating Characteristics

That Preclude Performance of All Tasks

Required for the Practical Test

REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT

Controls - Power and Flight Operable in

Conventional Manner

Visual Limiting Device

Single Controls - - From the Ground or Another Aircraft. Examiner Discretion and FSDO Concurrence (Letter)

61.45

ADDITIONAL CATEGORY(OTHER THAN ON AN ATP CERTIFICATE)

Same Training, Experience,

Endorsements, and Testing*

Requirements As Those for Initial

Issuance

(Knowledge Test Exception)

61.63(b)

Need NOT Meet the Training

Requirements Listed for Initial

Certificate Issuance (61.109 & 61.129)

Knowledge Test Exception

ADDITIONAL CLASS RATINGS(OTHER THAN ON AN ATP CERTIFICATE)

61. 63(c)(4)&(5)

Instrument Rating -- Hold, or Concurrently Obtain -- in Category, Class, & Type

AND

Demonstrate Instrument Competency During the Practical Test.

“VFR ONLY” Limitation Is Allowed Only For Aircraft’s Inability to Perform IFR Due to Type Certificate or Equipment

61.63(d) & (h)

ADDITIONAL TYPE RATINGS(OTHER THAN ON AN ATP CERTIFICATE)

61.49(B) Flight Instructor

- - If Failure Was Related

To Stall Awareness, Spin Entry,

Spins, or Spin Recovery

MUST Demonstrate SPINS

SPINABLE AIRCRAFT

Training Time

61.1(b)(15) 61.51

Training Time

–Authorized Instructor

–In Flight or Simulator / Training Device,

or Ground Training

–Logbook Endorsed in a Legible Manner

–Description and Length, Signature,

Certificate Number, and Expiration

Date 61.1(b)(15) 61.51

Flight SimulatorFull Size Cockpit Replica of Specific

Type, Make, Model, SeriesMotion & Visual

Flight Training DeviceFull Size Cockpit or Flight Deck

Replica of set of aircraft

61.1(b)(5)&(7)

QUALIFICATION & APPROVAL OF FLIGHT SIMULATOR / TRAINING DEVICE

Each Must Be Qualified & Approved by the

Administrator

Any Device Approved Prior to Aug. 1, 1996

For Training, Testing, or Checking May

Continue to Be Used Provided

–Functions As Originally Designed

–Limited to / Used for the Same Purposes

61.4

14 CFR SECTION 61.4C

THE ADMINISTRATOR MAY

APPROVE A DEVICE OTHER

THAN A FLIGHT SIMULATOR

OR FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE

FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

AFS-800ASEL - JEPPESEN SANDERSON

ASEL & AMEL - AVIATION

TEACHWARE TECHNOLOGIES

ASEL & AMEL - PRECISION FLIGHT

CONTROL

ASEL & AMEL - AVIATION SUPPLY

AND ACADEMICS

AC 61-126ACCEPTABLE USE OF PCATD

PART 61

PART 141

**10 HOURS

CROSS COUNTRY

General: Certificated Pilot, - In

Aircraft, Landing(s) - Use Navigation

Minimum Distance For Aeronautical

Experience Requirements 50nm in Airplane & Power Lift

25nm in Rotorcraft

61.1(b)(3)

For Private, Commercial, Instrument, or

Recreational Privileges. At Least One Landing Beyond- (50 Nm

Airplane or 25 NM Rotorcraft)

61.1(b)(3)

CROSS-COUNTRY

AA

BB

CC

30 NM 21 NM

51 NM

CROSS-COUNTRY

Eligibility for Airline Transport Pilot Landing Not Required (Except rotorcraft)

Flight beyond - (50/25) - Radius Required

(“Short” X/Cs Logged Before 8/4/97 Are Grandfathered)

A51 nm

MISCELLANEOUS

61.51 PILOT LOGBOOKS

Acceptable to the Administrator

Student May Log Pilot-In-Command When:

–Sole Occupant

–Has Solo Flight Endorsement

–Training or Experience for a Pilot Certificate or Aircraft Rating

61.57 RECENT FLIGHT EXPERIENCE: IFR

Within Preceding 6 Calendar Months:

6 Approaches

Holding Procedures

Intercepting & Tracking Courses Using

Navigation Systems

TYPE RATINGS ELEVATED TO ATP CERTIFICATE

Type Ratings From Private or

Commercial Certificate ==> ATPSame Category and ClassVFR Limitation Carries Forward

61.157(d)

61.75 PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE ISSUED ON BASIS OF A FOREIGN PILOT LICENSE

61.75 PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE ISSUED ON BASIS OF A FOREIGN PILOT LICENSE

U.S. Restricted Private Pilot Certificates

ONLY. By FSDO Only

RestrictedCommercial

61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES

FOUR METHODS:

Practical test

Present Records of Training

Present Records Regarding Position

Flight Instructor Refresher Clinic

Practical Test

For One of Ratings Held

For Additional Flight

Instructor Rating

61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES

Record of Training at Least 5 Students

in Preceding 24 Calendar Months

At Least 80 % Successful on First

Attempt

61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES

Present Records (Preceding 24 months) of:

Company Check Pilot, Chief Flight Instructor, or Instructor / Evaluator in 121 or 135 Operation

61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES

FIRC Graduation Certificate

Within Preceding 3 Calendar

Months

61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES

Expiration Month Shall Be 24 Calendar Months From The Month Within Which: Check Ride Is Taken Records or Graduation

Certificate Are Presented

61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES

OR

Expiration Month Shall Be 24

Calendar Months Beyond the

Expiration Shown - (Same Month)

--- Provided the Renewal Action Is

Within Three Calendar Months

Preceding the Month of Expiration

61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES

CURRENT REGULATIONS?

RON TAKES ONE MORE SHOT

FUTURE QUESTIONS

CHECK THE FAQ’S ATAFS 600 WEB PAGE

CONSULT YOUR FSDO

ALLAN PINKSTON(405) 954-6472

JOHN LYNCH(202) 267-3844

IT’S TIME TO RETIRE