1a. basic structure of aircraft and controls (1)

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AIRCRAFT AND PARTS

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AERODYNAMICS

  Two Greek words : aerios ,  concerning the air and

dynamis , which means force.

  Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting

motion of objects through the air.

  Humans have been interested in aerodynamics and

flying for thousands of years, although flying in a heavier-than-air machine has been possible only in the last hundred

 years.

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TYPES OF AIRCRAFT***

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GENESIS OF AIR POWER

  Man’s dream was to fly when he saw birds in the sky.

  The Chinese invented the big man-lifting kites at least

2300 years ago for military reconnaissance.

  The use of airship in warfare was proposed as early as1670 by the Italian. Balloon was first used in 1794 during

the French Revolution. Australians used hot air balloons

against Italy for aerial bombardment in 1849.

  17 December 1903 has become the greatest date in

the history of aviation as Wright Brothers were the first

men to achieve powered, sustained and controlled flight.

Cont

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GENESIS OF AIR POWER***

  Powered ac was first used in war in 1911 during the

Italo-Turkish war.  The period between WW-I and WW-II was markedby the development of vision and theory to use air power bythree prophets of air power – Gulio Douhet (Italian Army

Officer), William Mitchell (founder of USAF) and HughTrenchard (father of RAF).

  The high-speed bombers like Boeing B-17 Flying

Fortress were developed in 1930. WW-II gave a giant leapto evolution of air power in all aspect. WW-II necessitatedproduction of long range fighters and Spitfire, Hurricane,ME-109, FW-190, P-47 Thunderbolt, P-40 Curtis and P-51

Mustang. Carrier based B-52 was developed during WW-II.Cont

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ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A TYPICAL AIRCRAFT

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BASIC STRUCTURE OF AN AIRCRAFT

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FORCES ACT ON AIRCRAFT

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AIRCRAFT CONTROLS

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Primary Control Surfacess.

  Aileron.

  Elevator.

  Rudder.

Secondary Control Surfaces.

  Slat (Auxiliary Aerofoil).

  Flap.

  Air Brake.

AIRCRAFT CONTROLS

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FUNDAMENTAL FLIGHT CONTROL

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SECONDARY CONTROLS OF AN AIRCRAFT

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SECONDARY CONTROLS OF AN AIRCRAFT

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AIRCRAFT CONTROLS

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FIRST AIRCRAFT OF THE WORLD

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AIRCRAFT OF EARLY AGE

A S

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AIRSHIP

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AIR SHIP

FREE BALLOONS

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FREE BALLOONS

CAPTIVE BALLOONS

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CAPTIVE BALLOONS

LAND PLANE

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LAND PLANE

SEA PLANE (FLOAT PLANE)

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SEA-PLANE (FLOAT PLANE)

AMPHIBIAN

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AMPHIBIAN

HELICOPTER

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HELICOPTER

GYROPLANE

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GYROPLANE

ORNITHOPTER

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ORNITHOPTER

GLIDER

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GLIDER

KITES

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KITES