1b what is environment living in the environment
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Environmental Problems, Their
Causes, and Sustainability
G. Tyler Miller’s
Living in the Environment
14th Edition
Chapter 1
Sections 1 and 2
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Sections 1 and 2
Key Concepts Sections 1 and 2
1) What keeps us alive? What is
an environmentally sustainable
soiety?
!) "o# $ast is human population
gro#ing? What are economic growth% economic development
and globalization?
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Living More Sustainably Key Terms
Environment& is everything that a$$ets
living organisms.
Eology& 'iologial siene that studies
the relationships 'et#een living organisms
and their environment.
Environmental (iene& an
interdisiplinary study that uses in$ormation$rom physial sienes and soial sienes to
learn ho# the earth #orks% ho# #e interats #ith
the earth and ho# to deal #ith environmental
pro'lems.
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hat is environmentalism!
A social movementdedicated to protecting the earth’s
environment.
Can include:
• Ecologists
• Biologists
• Geologists
• Environmentalists
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hat Keeps "s #live! Capital
(olar apital& #ithout the sun there #ould'e no li$e. *What is the di$$erene 'et#een diret
and indiret solar energy?
+atural
,esoures&-ir% #ater% soil
et.
Fig. 1-2, p. 7
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hat is an environmentally
sustainable society!
Meets the basic needs of its people
indefinitely without compromising future
generations ability to meet those sameneeds?
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Population $ro%th Eponential
Gro#th& a/uantity
inreases at
a onstant
rate per
unit o$ time 0et#een
123 and!334 the#orldpopulation
inreasedeponentially $rom !.20 to .4 0.
Fig. 1-4, p. 8
Each year your college raises tuition 6%, does that mean
every year the tuition goes up the same amount?
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orld Population $ro%th
1950: .5 !illion
00": #." !illion
100: $%1 !illion
Current avg growth rate12!%"year # 21$, people
per day or & million per
year '6( billion ) 12!*
&espite a 'old increase in
(orld(ide economic gro(th)
almost one o' ever* t(o
survive on less than +,-da*.
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orld Population
Compare hunter"gathering, agriculture, and industrial revolution timeeriod
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here is most population gro%th
occurring!
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Economic $ro%th
+ross omestic -roduct '+-*. annual
market value o$ all goods and serviesprodued #ithin the ountry.
-er Capita '+/-*. G56 divided among
the population o$ the ountry.
An increase in the capacity of a country to provide its people with goods and services.
Economic evelopment. improving
living standards by economic growth
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Economic &evelopment
eveloped Countries. 7(% anada%
8apan% -ustralia% +e# 9ealand and
most o$ Europe. "igh 6er apita G56.*1.! 'illion people)
eveloping Countries. 2.! 'illion people
living #ith very little. :; o$
population gro#th.
Eample& Meio 5aily Minimum Wage is a'out <4=dollars a da .
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Percent ofWorld’s
Developingcountries
Developedcountries
Population
Populationgrot!
Wealt! and
inco"e
#esourceuse
Pollutionand aste
1$
81
%.1
1.&
85
15
88
12
75
25
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'cono"ic Develop"ent
(rade-)ffs
*ood +es ad +es
*loal life epectanc/ douledsince 1$5%
0ife epectanc/ 11 /ears less in
developing countries t!an indeveloped countries
Food production a!ead ofpopulation grot! since 1$78
ar"ful environ"ental effectsof agriculture "a/ li"it futurefood production
nfant "ortalit/ cut in !alf since1$55
3ir and ater pollution don in
"ost developed countries since1$7%
+u"er of people living inpovert/ dropped & since 1$$%
nfant "ortalit/ rate in developingcountries over 8 ti"es !ig!er t!an
in developed countries
3ir and ater pollution levels in
"ost developing countries too!ig!
alf of orld’s peopletr/ing to live onless t!an 6
.9.: per da/
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$lobali'ation
0e live in a world that is increasinglyinterconnected through economic, cultural
and environmental interdependence
What does that mean $or our environment?
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$lobali'ation( # )e% Pros*Cons
ros• /haring ideas and
technolog* aroundthe (orld.
• Access to materialsonce unthina!le
e2ample: 'resh 'ruitsand vegeta!les *ear
round3
Cons• 4ealth not shared
euall*.
• ollution no( (orstin poor countries.
• 6oss o' local
identities.
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Sections 1 and 2 +evie%
• 6ist , pros and consrelated to economicdevelopment.
• 6ist several di''erences !et(een developed anddeveloping countries7
• &escri!e e2ponential
gro(th as it related to population.
• 8o( ma* glo!aliationimpact the (orlds
environment7
• 4hat doesenvironmentall*sustaina!le societ*mean7
• 6ist , t*pes o' solarcapital and naturalcapital.
• 4hat is the current(orld(ide population78o( is that e2pected tochange7
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Chapter 1 Sections ,- and
. Main /deas• 4hat are earth’s main t*pes o' resources7
8o( can the* !e depleted or degraded7
• 4hat are the principle t*pes o' pollution7
4hat can (e do a!out pollution7
• 4hat are the !asic causes o' toda*’senvironmental pro!lems7 8o( are the
causes connected7
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+esources
6erpetual& rene#edontinuously on a
human sale.
,ene#a'le& an 'e
replenished $airly/uikly.
+on=rene#a'le& eist
only in $ied/uantities. *one they
are gone they are
gone.)
Fig. 1-& p. $
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+ene%able +esourcesCan be depleted or degraded0
/ustaina!le ield: the
highest rate at (hich a
rene(a!le resource can
!e used (ithoutreducing its suppl*.
E2ample: over%'arming the land
leading to soil erosion) clear%
cutting 'orests.
Environmental
&egradation: (hen (e
e2ceed the natural
replacement rate o' theresource.
E2ample: ground(ater depletion)
(ater pollution.
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Tragedy o the Commons134 $arrett 5ardin
&egradation o' rene(a!le'ree%access resources.
;<' < do not use thisresource) someone else(ill. =he little !it < useor pollute is not enough
to matter) and suchresources are rene(a!lean*(a*.>
/olutions7777
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Ecological )ootprint
Fig. 1-7 p. 1%
Measure o$ the 'iologially produtive land
and #ater needed to support eah person.
1 hectare # 1 acres or 1, suare meters 'about 1 ootball ields*
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6on7+ene%able +esourcesE8ist only in i8ed 9uantities on earth0
Energy ,esoures& suh as oal% oil and natural gas.
Metalli ,esoures&suh as iron% opper% aluminum
+on=Metalli
,esoures&(uh as salt% lay% sand
Eonomi 5epletionFig. 1-8 p. 11
0hen &% is gone it may be too costly to get the last 2%
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+educe, +euse and +ecycleSaving 6onrene%able resources
?educe: @se less resource
?euse: =o use the resource
more than once toconserve.
?ec*cle: collectingresource) processing it
into ne( products.
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Pollution( hat is it!
ollution is the presenceo' su!stances at highenough levels in air)(ater) soil or 'ood tothreaten humans orother living organisms.
ost pollution are unintended !* products o' use'ul activities.E2ample: driving cars gives o' pollutant.
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Eects o Pollution
13 &isrupt or degradeli'e%supportings*stems 'or humans orother species.
3 Can damage (ildli'e)human health or
propert*.
,3 Can !* a nuisancesuch as noise) smell)sights.
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Sources o Pollution
6oint (oure& pollutants that come
'rom one single)
identi'ia!le source
such as a pipe.
+onpoint (oure&
pollutants that are
dispersed and o'ten
di''icult to identi'*
such as 'arm or street
runo''.
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&ealing ith Pollution
6revention *>nput ontrol)&,edued or eliminates pollutants $rom prodution
E-M6LE& driving more $uel e$$iient automo'ile
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&ealing %ith Pollution
6ollution leanup *output ontrol)& leaning up or diluting pollution one in the
environment.
0hat are the problems with pollution cleanup?
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E i t l d +
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Environmental and +esource
Problems( . +oot Causes
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Environmental /mpact
Fig. 1-16 p. 15
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Environmental /nteractions
Fig. 1-14 p. 15
+oal or environmental science is to learn
about these comple3 interactions
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Solutions
Fig. 1-1&, p.
h t i : $ t t
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hat is :ur $reatest
Environmental Problem!!!!
5isease
@verpopulation
Water (hortages
limate hanges
0iodiversity Loss
6overty
Malnutrition
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Sections ,-,. +evie% ;uestions
• 6ist and descri!e several ;root causes o'
environmental pro!lems.>
• &escri!e the di''erences !et(een point and non%point
source pollution.
• 4hat is an ;ecological 'ootprint7>• <denti'* several perpetual) rene(a!le and
nonrene(a!le resources.
• Anal*e the di''erences !et(een pollution preventions and pollution cleanup.
• &escri!e the ;=raged* o' the Commons.>
• &escri!e ;reduce)> ;reuse> and ;rec*cle.>
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Environmental orldvie%s
6lanetary Management
Environmental Wisdom
(te#ardship
4oo5 up these worldviews or tomorrowand write which one you it into and why int. page 16
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