1st laboratory examination review
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1st Exam Review
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Microscopy
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Path of Light
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Compound Microscope
Inverted mirror imagemoves to opposite direction magnification resolution
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Dissecting MicroscopeSingle Lens system Erect Image Magnifier (20x)
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Calibration
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Calibration FormulasDont forget the units!
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Calibration Dont forget the units
Standard calibration values:LPO ---- 0.0133 mm/emdHPO ---- 0.00367 mm/emd
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Magnification Linear Magnification
Magnification formula
**Dont forget the X at the end of each magnification value.
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THE PLANT CELL
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Hydrilla Cyclosis
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Rhoeo discolor
Vacuoles
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CRYSTALS Ca OxalateRaphides --- Dieffenbachia
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CRYSTALS Ca OxalateStyloid --- Sansevieria
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CRYSTALS Ca OxalateRosette/Druse --- Ixora
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CRYSTALS Ca OxalatePrismatic --- Begonia
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CRYSTALS CaCO3Cystolith --- Ficus
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CRYSTALS CaCO3Cystolith --- Pilea
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Middle Lamella Ripe and unripePectinPectinaseCell Wall
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Phloroglucinol stained cellsLignin
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DIFFUSIONSteamed vs. Unsteamed temperature kinetic energy entropy
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Effect of TemperatureGelatin
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OSMOSIS PLASMOLYSIS
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Effect of ConcentrationOsmosis
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StomatesEffect of Temp Effect of Concentration
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Guard Cells Dorsal wall away from the pore is thinner, therefore, more flexible
Radial arrangement of microfibrils in the guard cell wall
Transport of K+ between guard cells Influx of K+ induces stomatal opening
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PLASMA MEMBRANE Oil and Water
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PLASMA MEMBRANEMilk
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PLASMA MEMBRANE Egg albumen, Oil, Nigrosine Dyeactive transporttransport proteins
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RBCs
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PHOTOSYNTHESISColeus leaf BoilingIKI
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PHOTOSYNTHESISHydrilla Evolution of O2 under dim and bright light
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS Phenol Red Pink to Yellow HydrillaYellow to Pink
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PHOTOSYNTHESISSeparation of Pigments
SolubilityPolarity
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RESPIRATIONDewar bulbs
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RESPIRATIONCO2 and Barium hydroxidePrecipitate --- BaCO3
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RESPIRATIONNecessity of Oxygen Water vs. alkaline pyrogallol Alkaline pyrogallolRemoves O2 from the ambient air
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RESPIRATIONFermentationEffect of Temperature
Yeast optimum at 400C, until below 600CInvolves part of the glycolysis pathwayC6H12O6 2C6H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP
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MITOSIS
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