1world greatest personalities
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WORLDS GREAT PERSONALITIES
Heres a list of some of the
worlds great personalities
who have made their mark in
several areas -
Abdul Rehman Tunku (1903-73)
The Malaysian statesman who
negotiated with the Britishfor the independence of
Malaysia. He was the first
Prime Minister of the country.
Abraham Lincoln (1809-65) The
16th President of the U.s., hesucceeded in abolishhing
slavery. He was re-elected as
President in 1864 and
assassinated by J ohn Wilkes
Booth in 1865.
Abu-Bakr (9573-634) Abu-Bakr
was a leading general of
Prophet Mohammed and was the
first Caliph of the Muslim
empire and ruled from 632 AD.
He made Islam a political and
military force in Arabia.
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Abul Fazal (1561-16020) The
author of Ain-i-Akbari and
Akbar Nama. He was the
celebrated Mughal court poet,
and Prime Minister during
Akbars reign.
Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988)
also called Frontier Gandhibecause he organised the
people of the North-West
Frontier Province (NWEP) of
undivided India 9now merged
with Pakistan)on Gandhian
principles. He was a staunchCongress man who called
himself a soldier of the
freedom struggle. His admirers
called ah him Badshah Khan. He
was awarded the Bharat Ratna
in 1987.
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) The
Austrian-born German dictator
who influenced the course of
history in the 20th century.
He served in the German Army
inWorld War I. He laer founded
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the Nazi party and became
chancellor in 1933. He pushed
the countries of the world
into World War II in which
five million people lost their
lives. In 1939 his troops
invaded Poland causing the
outbreak of World War II, and
in 1945 German faced total
defeat. He married hismistress, Eva Braun, in April
1945 and the next day they
were said to have committed
suicide.
Aesop (600 BC) The Greekauthor of Aesops Fables which
are moral tales with animal
protagonists. The famous tale
The Tortoise and the Hare
was his creation.
Akbar (1542-1605) the greatest
Mughal Emperor of India who
reigned from 1556 (see section
on Indian History ).
Alberuni, the famous Arab
historian who visited India
along with the armies of
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Mahmud of Ghazni.
Alfonso, de Albuquerque
Founder of the Portuguese
empire in the east, he
conquered Goa in 1510.
Alexander the Great (356-323
BC) King of Macedonia
(Greece), who conquered mostof Aisa Minor and defeated
Porus (India)in 327 BC. A
mutiny in his army prevented
him from advancing further
into India and he died in 323
BC.
Alexander Graham Bell
(1847-1922) The
scottish-American scientist
who invented the telephone in
1876.
Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836)
A french scientist who
formulated Amperes Law. The
5.1 unit of electric current
is named after him.
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mathematician known for his
discovery of the unique
principle of buoyancy. Also
discovered and analysed the
principle of lever and
invented the Archimedes screw
to raise water.
Arthur Holly Compton American
scientist noted for hisresearch on x-rays, he won the
Nobel prize in 1927.
Aryabhatta (476-520) The
Indian astronomer who attended
the court of ChandraguptaVikramaditya. Indias first
satellite is named after him.
Ashoka, the Great (264-228 BC)
Grandson of Chandragupta,
Ashoka was a great empoeror ofIndia. After the battle of
Kalinga, he renounced violence
and embraced Buddhism.
Aurobindo Ghosh An exponent of
Indian nationalism,
philosopher, poet and saint.
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His famous works include Life
Divine and Essays on the Gita.
Babur (1483-1530) Founder of
the Mughal empire in India, he
conquered the throne of Delhi
after thefirst battle of
panipat and ruled for about
four years (1526-1530).
Bana Bhatt Noted sanskrit
scholar and court poet of
Harshavardhana who wrote
Kadambari and Harsha Charit.
Bahadur Shah Zafar (1807-1862)The last ruler of the Mughal
dynasty. He fought against the
British in the first war of
Indian independence in 1857.
After his defeat, the British
exiled him to Rangoon.
Bannerjee, W.C. The first
President of the Indian
National Congress.
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Author of Vande Mataram, the
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national song of india taken
from his work Anand Math. He
was a celebrated Bengali
novelist.
Bairam Khan He was Akbars
uncle and also his tutor and
was known as Khan-i-Khona.
Bachendri Pal First Indian
woman and fifth woman in theworld to scale Mt Everest on
May 23, 1984 along with two
male members Lhatoo Dorjee and
Sherpa Sardar Ang Dorjee.
Bartholomew Diaz (1450-1500) A
portuguse navigator who wasthe first European to sail
round the Cape of Good Hope
(the southern tip of the
african continent).
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)U.S. statesman who promoted
the american Declaration of
Independence (1776) and worked
on drafting the Coustitution
of America.
Begum Akhtar The ghazal queen
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of India who died in 1974. She
was awarded the Padma Bhushan
posthumously in 1975.
Bhaskara I An astronomer of
the 7th century, a
contemporary of Brahmagupta.
Indias second satellite is
named after him.
Bhaskara II Mahematician and
astronomer of the 12th
century. His name is also
associated with Indias third
satellite.
Bhagat Singh A patriot and
revolutionary, known as
Shahid-e-azam, who along
with Sukh Dev and Raj Guru
became a martyr on March
23,1931.
Bhaskaracharya The greatest
astronomer who lived in the
12th century. He wrote
Sidhanta-Siromani in 1150.
B.R. Ambedkar (1893-1956)
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Father of the Indian
Constitution, he was also a
well-known jurist.
Caption J ames cook (1728-79)
The great British explorer and
navigator. He travelled to New
Zealand and Eastern Australia
from 1768-71 in his ship
Endeavour. On his secondvoyage he reahed the
Antarctica circle and
discovered the Hawaiian Island
on his third voyage. He also
wrote the classic work Voyage
Round the World.
Charan singh The Lok Dal
leader who was Prime Minister
of India in 1979.
Changez Khan The Mongolconqueror who came to India
during the reign of IItutmish
(1210-36).
Chandergupta II (vikramaditya)
A brave emperor of the Gupta
dynasty during whose reign art
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and literature flourished; the
era was known as the Golden
Age of the Guptas.
Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977)
Great British comedian, film
actor, director, producer and
composer. His wistful
Hollywood comedies are loved
the world over.
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) An
English novelist whose famous
works include David
Copperfield, Oliver Twist, and
Great Expectations.
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
(1445-1533) A pioneer of the
Bhakti movement in Bengali; a
devotee of Lord Krishna.
Chanakya Also known asKautilya, he was the writer of
the famed treatise
Arthashastra, a book on
statecraft. He was the Prime
Minister during Chandragupta
Mauryas reign.
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Chandragupta Maurya (321-298
BC) Founder of the Mauryan
Dynasty in India, and spread
his empire beyond India.
Kautilya (Chanakya) was his
minister.
Charles Robert Darwin
(1809-82) The British
naturalist who put forward histheory of evolution based on
natural selection. He studied
fossils and diverse plants and
animal life during his voyage
(1831-36) around south America
and the Pacific. His works Onthe Origin of Species (1859)
and Descent of Man (1871),
revolutionised mans knowledge
of evolution.
Christian Huygens (1629-16950)Dutch mathematician and
physicist renowned for
evolving the wave theory of
light. He invented the
pendulum clock basd on
Galileos theory (1580). He
also discovered the rings of
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Saturn and its fourth
satellite.
Christopher Columbus
(1451-1506) Italian explorer,
the first modern European to
discover America in 1492. He
reached Bahamas (1492)and
discovered Puerto Rico and
J amaica. In 1498-1500 hereached Trinidad and South
America.
Chou-en-Lai (1898-1976)
Chinese revolutionary and
Prime Minister from 1949-1958,who was instrumental in
bringing China into world
diplomacy. He played key role
in nearly every major
political and diplomatic event
or crisis involving China tillhis death in 1976.
Chatrapati shivaji Born in
1627, a military genius,
shivaji was the last Hindu
King who partly succeeded in
establishing Hindu Swaraj.
He fought many battles against
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Aurangzeb and was successful
in destabilising the Mughal
empire in India.
Lord Curzon (1895-1925)
Viceroy of India during
1889-1905, he became a
prominent figure after the
First World War.
Lord Cornwallis (1738-1805)
The British statesman who
commanded the British Army in
South Carolina during the War
of American Independence in
1781. He was Governor-Generalof India for two terms and is
well known for his land
reforms.
C.F. Andrews A British
missionary and close associate
of Mahatma Gandhi who came toIndia in 1904 and devoted
himself to Indias freedom
struggle. He came to be known
as Deena-Bandhu.
Cleopatra(69-30 BC) Queen of
Egypt noted for her beauty.
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She was daughter of Ptolemy XI
of Egypt and succeeded as
queen in 51 BC.
Dara Shikho Eldest son of
Shahjahan, he was killed by
his brother Aurangzeb who
usurped their fathers throne.
Dhanvantari An Indianphysician who attended the
court of Chandragupta
Vikramaditya.
Dhyan Chand (1905-1979) A
great hockey players. He
captained the Indian hockeyteam which won a gold medal in
the historic 1936 Berlin
Olympics. He scored 101 goals
at the Olympic games and 300
goals in other international
matches and his record isstill unbroken. It earned him
the title, Hockey Wizard.
Dwight David Eisenhower
(1890-1969) Us general and
President between 1953 and
1961. In 1950 he was made
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supreme commander of NATO but
resigned when he won the
presidential electrions of
1952. He won his second term
in 1956.
Edward Morgan Forster
(1879-1970) Famous British
writer who has written
numerous books on India.Author of Where Angels Fear to
Tread, A Room with a View,
Howards End and Passage of
India.
Edward J enner (1749-1823) Theenglish physician and surgeon
who developed the small -
poxvaccine.
Epicurus (342-270 BC) A Greek
philosopher who foundedEpicurean philosophy, which
describes a life of indulgent
pleasure seeking, because it
leads to happiness.
Euclid (350-300 BC) Greek
mathematician, his important
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contribution was the use of
deductive principles of logic
as the basic of geometry. He
propounded many geometrical
theorems.
Fa-hien The first Buddhist
pilgrim of China to visit
India during the reign of
Chandragupta Vikramaditya.
Faiz Ahmed Faiz A
revolutionary Urdu poet of
Pakistan. He died in 1984.
Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521)The Portuguese navigator who
crossed the ocean which he
named Pacific, reaching the
Marianas and the Philippines.
Firdausi APersian poet,well-known for his epic
Shahnama.
Florence Nightingale
(1820-1920) Also known as the
Lady with the lamp. She was
a devoted British nurse who
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developed the Mercury
thermomete in 1714 and later
devised its temperature scale.
Galileo ( 1564-1642) The
Italian astronomer, who
developed the telescope and
discovered four satellites of
J upiter, His belief that
Copernicus was right to
advocate that the sun is thecentre of universe led to his
persecution, While dying he
said Bur it earth does
move. He also discovered that
the movement of the pendulum
produces a regular timemeasurement. The pendulum
clock was later invented by
Hoygens.
Gautam Budha ( 563-483 BC)
Founder of Buddhism, born inLumbini village near Nepal, he
was the son of Sudhodana, king
of Kapilvastu in Nepal. He
renounced the world and later
came to be known as the
Buddha.
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Geoffrey Chaucer ( 1342-1400)
The English poet who is
considered the father of
English Poetry. His famous
works include The Book of
Dutches 9 1369) and Canterbury
Tales ( a collection of
stories)
George Washington ( 1732-1799
) the American general who ledthe revolt against the British
and declared Ameican
independence. He became the
first President of USA.
Dr George B, Kisitiakowsky. Achemist and professor at
Harvard who worked on the
first atomic bomb and later
strongly advocated the daimler
Moror Company in 1890 which
built the first Mercedes.
Govind Ballabh Pant (
1887-1961) Veteran Congress
leader, he was Chief Minister
of UP and later Union Home
Minister, He was awarded the
Bharat Ratna in 1958.
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Guru Tegh Bahadur Son of Guru
Hargobind, and the ninth Guru
of the Sikhs., He was executed
by Aurangzeb when he refused
to embrace Islam.
Guru Nanak ( 1469 - 1538 )
Founder of the Sikh religion,
born in Nankana Sahib, nowlocated in Pakistan; he was a
contemporary of the Mughal
ruler Akbar.
Guru Gobind Singh ( 1666 -
1708 ) The 10th and the lastGuru of the Skh who spent a
major part of his life
fighting the muslims. He
founded the Khalsa the inner
council of the Sikhs in 1699.
He is said to be the author ofDasam Granth.
Gugeliemo Marconi ( 1874-1937)
Italian physicist who invented
the radio and wireless system.
He shared the Nobel Prize in
Physics with Ferdinand Braun
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of Germany in 1909 for the
development of the wireless.
Henry Kissinger US foreign
policy advisor, born in
Germany, he fled from the
Nazis to live in US. Under
President Nixon he remained
Secretary of State. He helped
to negotiate the Vietnam issue( 1973). He shared the Bonel
Prize for Peace ( 1973) along
with North Vietnams
negotiator Le Duc Tho.
Henry Miller ( 1891-1980)Controversial American
novelist, author of Tropic of
Cancer ( 1931) and Tropic of
Capricorn ( 1935) which were
published in Paris but banned
in US until the 60s becauseof their frank sexual themes.
Homer ( 9th century BC ) The
Greek poet considered to be
the author of the classic
epics The lliad and The
Odyssey which rank among the
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most precious treasures in
world literature.
Sir Humphry Davy ( 1778 - 1828
) A renowned British chemist
who invented the safety lamp
for miners. He also discovered
the anaesthetic properties of
nitrous oxide ( laughing gas);
the fact the chlorine is anelement and that diamonds are
a form of carbon.
Ibn Batuta A great scholar and
traveller from South Africa
who visited India in 1333 ADduring the reign of Mohammed
Tuglaq and wrote a chronicle
on him. He spent eight years
in India on his way to China.
Sir isaac Newton( 1642-1727)English mathematician and
physicist, famous for his
discovery of the law of
Gravitation and three Laws of
Motion.
J ames Prescort J oule (
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1818-89) The British physicist
who was the first to measure
the mechanical equivalent of
heat; unit of which has been
named after him.
J ames Watt ( 1736-1819 ) The
Scottish instrument maker who
turned to make high pressure
steam engines.
J amshedji Tata ( 1813-1904)
Founder of the Tata Iron and
Steel Company one of the
largest integrated steelworkds
in the world. He also foundedthe Indian Institute of
Science in Bangalore and built
the Taj Hotel in Bombay.
J acques Charles ( 1764-1823 )
A French physicist, known forhis Charles Law and
Gay-Lussacs Law of Gases.
J ayaprakash Narayan Also known
as Loknayak he formed the
J anata Party and defeated the
Congress party in 1977. He was
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conferred the Rashtra Bhushan
in 1977.
J aya Deva Lived in the 12th
century and is the author of
Gita Govinda. The book is a
noble work of lyrical poetry
and described the love of Lord
Krishna and his beloved Radha,
their separation and reunion.
J ohn Milton ( 1608-74) English
poet. He wrote a poem in
support of free press
Aeropagitica ( 1644 ) and
essays Tenure of Kings andMagistrates ( 1649). His epic
poem Paradise Los was
published in 10 volumes in
1667 and in 12 volumes in
1674. Paradise Regained and
Samson Agonisters were hisother major works published in
1671. He was totally blind for
a good many years of his life.
J ohn keats ( 1795-1821) An
English poet whose works
include La Belle Dame sans
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marci, Endymion ( A thing of
beauty is a joy forever). The
Eve of St Agnes and Ode to a
Nightingale.
J ohn of Arc ( 1412-31) French
girl, also known as the Maid
of Orleans. She led the French
resistance that forced the
English to raise the siege ofOrleans ( 1429) At the age of
17 she led an army of 12,000
to Rheims and persuaded
Charles. VII to go there to be
crowned as king of France. She
was ultimately captured andsold to the English ( 1430) by
Burgundians and was burned at
the stake in Roven.
J ohn Dalton ( 1766 - 1844)
English chemist who postulatedthe Atomic theory and defined
atomic weight. Also famous for
Daltons law-the pressure of a
mixture of gases is the sum of
partial pressure of the
components of the mixture.
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J ohn Logie Baird ( 1888-1946)
The Scottish television
pioneer, who invented the TV
in 1926.
J ulius Caesar ( 100-44 BC )
Roman general and statesman
who invaded Britain and
returned to Rome as a popular
hero. He fell in love withClepatra the Egyptian queen
who followed him to Rome. He
was given a mandate by the
people to rule as Caesar and
was worshipped as a god in his
lifetime. However, he wasmurdered by a group of trusted
friends led by Brutus.
J ohn F kennedy ( 1917-1963)
One of the most popular
Presidents of US He was thefirst Roman Catholic President
and the youngest Ameican to be
elected to the office of
President of the US. He wrote
several books; why England
Slept and Profile in Courage
are his two most famous books.
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He was assassinated on Nov 23,
1963.
Kabirdas Hindi poet who was
one of the gretest exponents
of the Bhakti movement, a
socia-religious movement. He
believed in the equality of
all religions and unity of
Hindus and Muslims.
Kaka Saheb Kalekar Philosopher
and educationist he was Vice
Chancellor of Gujarat,
University and one of the
oldest disciples of Gandhiji.He died on aug 21, 1991 at the
age of 96 . He authored more
than 120 books in Gujarati,
Marathi, Hindi and English.
Kalhana A Kashmiri Poet of the
11th century and author ofRajatarangini the book
describes the history of
Kashmir up to the 10th
century.
Kemal Ataturk ( 1881 - 1938 )
The reformed and builder of
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modern Turkey
Kanishka The greatest king of
Kushan dynasty ( 120-162 AD.)
He was a great conqueror but
later became a follower of
Buddha. He was the only ruler
of India whose territory
extended up to Central Asia.
Karl Marx ( 1818-83) A Germanjournalist and philosopher who
propounded the doctrine of
Communism also known as
Marxism. He is the author od
Das Kapital.
K.M. Munshi A great writer,
educationist and consitutional
law expert he played an active
role in Indias freedom
struggle.
Kublai Khan ( 1216-1294) A
Mongolian emperor who
conquered most of Asia. He was
the grandson of Chengiz Khan.
Lakshmibai of J hansi. The
ruler of J hansi, she was a
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great warrior of India and
took part in the first war of
independence in 1857 ( Indian
Mutiny)
Lal Bahadur Shastri (
1904-1966) Indian statesman,
who succeeded Pandit Nehru as
the second Prime Minister of
India ( 1964-66). He signedthe Tashkent Agreement with
Ayub Khan, for a ceasefire
between India and Pakistan.
Also known as Man of Peace
He died in Tashkent on
J anuary1, 1966 a few hoursafter he had signed the
Indo-Pak accord.
leonardo Da vinci (
1452-1519). The great Italian
painter, sculptor andarchitect who has been
described as a universal
genius of the Renaissance. His
masterpiece Monalist brought
him great fame, The Cena
Ultima ( The last Supper ) is
also one of his better known
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paintings. He also excelled as
an inventr, mathematician,
engineer, naturalist and
anatomist, In anatomy, he
learnt about the working of
the body by dessecting more
than 30 corpses. He also
created moulds of organs such
as the heart, lungs and the
womb.
Leo Tolstey ( 1828-1910) A
great Russian literary figure.
Mahatma Gandhi was greatly
influenced by his works which
include Anna Karenina, War &Peace, etc.
Leon Trotsky ( 1979-1940)
Russian revolutionary; one of
the leaders of the Bolshevist
revolution; he wasassassinated in 1940 when he
was in exile in Mexico.
Louis Pasteur ( 1822-1895) The
French scientist who
discovered that germs exist
and are the cause of
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infection. The technique of
pasteurising milk is named
after him. He also conducted
research in areas of
hydrophobia, bacteriology,
cholera, etc..
Louis Braille ( 1809-1852)
French inventor of the Braille
system ( raised pointlettering) a system of writing
and printing for the blind. He
himself became blind at the
age of 3 and became a teacher
for the blind in1828.
Marco Polo ( 1254-1323) The
Italian traveller, who was the
first European to visit China.
He also journeyed to India,
and other countries of the Far
East and published records ofhis travels.
Mercus J onius Brutus ( 85-82
BC) Roman governor and
principal assassin of julius
Caesar.
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Mahakavi Kalidas Indias
greatest Hindi poet and
dramatist, who lived during
the reign of Chandragupta
Vikramaditya. His famous works
works are Shakuntala,
Raghuvansha, Meghdoot and
Kumara Sambhava.
Madam Marie Curie (1867-1934)Madam Curie was the only
person to have won two Nobel
Prizes. A polish chemist known
for her discovery of radium
91898) Along with her husband
Pierre Curie, a Frenchscientist, she caried out
research in radioactivity and
was awarded the Nobel Prize in
physics in 1903. After her
husbands death she continued
her research and in 1911 wasawarded the second Nobel Prize
in Chemistry for her discovery
of radium and polonium.
Mathew Arnold (1822-1888) A
famous English poet and
critic. Some of his famous
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poems are Sohrab and Rustum
and Scholar Gypsy.
Martin Luther King (1929-68)
The Black American Clergyman
and civil rights leader. He
led the non-voilent movement
to obtain full civil rights
for American Negroes and was
awarded the Noble Prize forPeace in 1964. He was
assassinated on April 5,1968
by a white fanatic.
Mahavira (599-527BC) Born in
Kundagram near Vaishali(Bihar), he was an apostle of
non-voilence, who preached the
observance of chastity,
penance, contemplation and
self-mortification. He
achieved enlightenment under asala tree. J ainism became a
major religion under his
influence.
Madan Mohan Malaviya
(1861-1946) A prominent lawyer
of Allahabad, he also founded
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the Banaras Hindu University.
He was a President of Indian
National Congress, and an
Indian delegate to the Round
Table Conference in 1931.
Manu Regarded as the ancient
law giver of India and author
of Manu Smriti.
Marshal Tito (1892-1980)Ex-President of Yugolavia. He
was leader of the partisan
forces which fought
successfully against German
occupation. He was made
President of Yugoslavia forlife in 1963.
Megasthenes The Greek
ambassador in the court of
Chandragupta Maurya, who was
sent by Seleucus. He wrote adetailed account of India in
his work Indica.
Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
The British scientist who
discovered electromagnetism.
He also discovered benzene,
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liquid gases and optical
glass. In 1841 he discovered
the induction of electric
current which led to the
invention of the electric
motor. He also contributed to
the development of
electrolysis.
Mira Behn (1892-1982) AnEnglish woman named Madeleine
Slade, who became Ghandhijis
disciple and was dedicated to
India and to Ghandhijis
teachings.
Mohammed Bin tughlaq
(1325-1351) Alearned Sultan of
Delhi who was well-known for
his profound ideas and poor
administrative capabilities.
He tried to shift his capitalfrom Delhi to Devagiri in
Deccan. When he found that his
subjects did not approve of
the idea, he re-shifted to
Delhi.
Mohammed Neguid The first
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president of Egypt, he was put
under house arrest in 1954 by
Abdel Gamel Nasser for 17
years. Later President Anwar
Sadat freed him in 1971.
Montessori, Maria (1870-1952)
Italian educationist and
founder of the montessori
system of education thatstresses development of a
childs own initiative and
natural abilities, especially
through practical play and
individual guidance rather
than through strict control.
Mohammed Ali J innah
(1879-1948) Founder of the
separate muslim state of
pakistan. He was the president
of the Muslim League for yearsand after partition of India,
became the first
Governor-General of Pakistan
in 1947.
Lord Mountbatten Britains
supreme Allied Commander in
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South-East Asia during World
War II, he became the last
Viceroy of India. He declared
India a free nation and became
the first Governor-General of
independent India.
Munshi Premchand (1880-19370)
A well-known author of Hindi
novels and short stories whichgave him international fame.
Nargis Dutt First lady of the
Indian screen to have been
nominated to the Rajya Sabha.
She was a recipient of thePadmashri and is well known
for her film Mother India.
Napolean Bonaparte (1769-1821)
French sttesmn, king of Frnce
(1769-97), the most brillintgenerl of his time, he won
series of splendid victories
against England , Russia and
Austria in 1805. He was
defeated in the Battle of
Waterloo in J une 1815 and
exiled to St Helena, where he
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died in 1821.
Nicolus Copernicus (1473-1553)
Polish stronomer known for his
discovery of the hevenly
bodies and his theory that
they move round the sun and
that the sun is the centre of
the universe.
Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1658)
A follower of J oseph
Stalin.When Stalin died he
became the first secretary of
the Soviet Communist Party and
was Prime Minister during1958-64. He died in 1971.
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)
The English soldier and
statesman who established a
commonwealth in Britain ndbecame its haed with the title
Loed Protector. He ruled the
country for five years between
1653 and 1658.
Panini Well known Hindu sage
and Sanskrit grammarain, he
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belonged to the Vedic era and
authored Ashtadhyayi.
Porus A Hindu king of Punjab,
who fought against the Greek
invader, Alexander, when the
latter invaded India and
nearly defeated him. Alexander
admired his gallantry and
returned his kingdom to him.
Pulakesin II (608-642 A.D.)
The most powerful ruler of the
Chalukyan dynasty that ruled
the Deccan.
Pythagoras (582-500 BC) A
Greek philosopher, theologian
and mathematician (especially
geometry). Though his famous
theorem was previously known,
he was the first to prove itsuniversal validity.
Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603)
Queen Elizabeth I of England
(1558-1603) was the daughter
of Henry VIII. Her reign saw
the thought provoking
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development of literature,
William Shakespeare lived
during her time.
Ranjit Singhji (1780-1839) A
Sikh prince of Punjab, he
captured lahore in 1799 and
proclaimed himself Maharaja.
He wrested control of Punjab
from the Afghans and Pathansand earned the title Lion of
Punjab.
Raja Rammohan Roy (1774-18330)
The social reformer who tried
to eradicate sati, pardah andchild marriage; also advocated
widow re-marriage and womens
education. He was the founder
of the Brahmo Samaj.
Rabindranath Tagore NoblePrize winners
Rene Franck President of the
International Hockey
Federation for 17 years. He
died in 1983.
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Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
(1811-1899) A German scientist
who invented the Bunsen
burner.
Robert Boyle (1627-1691) An
Irish chemist, famous for his
Boyles Law of Gases.
Robert Clive (1725-1774) Hecame to India as a clerk in
the East India company. He
became commander-in-Chief and
fought against the French in
India. He defeated
Siraj-ud-Daulah in the Battleof Plassey in 1757. Later he
ruled India as Governor (1765)
and ultimately committed
suicide in 1774.
Roger Bacon (1214-94) Englishscientist, encyclopaedist,
philosopher and invertor of
the magnifying glass and
gunpowder.
Rudolf Diesel (1858-1931) A
German engineer who invented
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the diesel engine in 1893.
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
English writer, whose famous
works include: Tales From the
Hills, The Light That Failed,
J ungle Book, Barrack Room
Ballads, Kim, J ust-so Stories,
puck of Pooks Hill. He was
awarded the Nobel Prize forLiterature in 1907 which he
later returned.
Sarojini Naidu (1879-1948)
Also called the Nightingale
of India, she was a greatpoetess in the English
language. She partucipated in
Indias freedom struggle and
became president of the Indian
National Congress in 1925 and
the first woman governor of astate (UP).
Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(1824-1883) Founder of the
Arya Samaj and author of
Satyarth Prakash. He is
well-known for his opposition
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of various social taboos.
Samudragupta (330-375 AD) Son
and successor of Chandragupta
I; a powerful and able Hindu
king, he was also known as
Indias Napolean.
Shahjahan (1592-1666) Moghul
emperor of India, brought theMoghul empire to its golden
age. A great patron of art,
architecture and literature,
he built the Taj Mahal, in
memory of his beloved Mumtaz
Mahal. He was deposed by hisson Aurangzeb and imprisoned
in Agra.
Shankaracharya (born 788 Ad)
One of the greatest Hindu
reformers who revived theHindu religion and
successfully threw back the
tide of Budbism and J ainism.
He was a founder of the
Advaitic philosophy.
Sher Shah Suri Ruled India
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between 1540 and 1545. The
first Muslim king who paid
special attention to
administrative reforms. The
Grand Trunk Road was
constructed during his rule.
He also introduced currency in
India.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Arenowned Austrian psychologist
who developed the theory of
psychoanalysis. He published
The Interpretation of dreams
and The Ego and the Id.
Sir Syed Ahmed (1817-1898) An
educationist and reformer of
the Muslim community in India.
He established the M.A.O.
College at Aligarh in 1975
which later became the AligarhMuslim University.
Sohrab Modi The Grand Old Man
of Indian Cinema and winner of
the Dada saheb Phalke Award in
1978, he produced Indias
first technicolour film J hansi
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Ki Rani in the early 50s.
Another film, Mirza Ghalib,
was the first Hindi film to
receive the Presidents Gold
Medal In 1955. He died In
1984.
Stalin (1879-1953) Soviet
statesman and architect of the
former USSR, he became premierin 1941 and triumphed as a
leader during World War II. An
active revolutionary leader
from the age of 17, he took
part in the civil war and rose
to become an outstandingfigure in soviet Russia
Sunga Pushyamitra Brahmin
commander-in-chief of the last
Mauryan King Brihadratha. He
killed his master and foundedthe Sunga dynasty.
S.S. Bhatnagar (1894-1955) An
Indian scientist remembered
for his outstanding work as an
administrator.
Sun Yat Sen (1866-1925) The
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founder and the first
president of the Chinese
republic in 1912. In 1905 Sun
Yat Sen founded the China
Revolutionary League in Europe
and J apan and played a
prominent part in the
revolution of 1911.
Tansen A great exponent ofIndian classical music. He was
one of the nine gems in the
court of Akbar.
Tantiya Tope One of the heroes
of the War of Indianindependence in 1857, he was a
brave Commander of Nana
Sahibs forces.
Tarabai of Gwalior resisted
the attempts of LordEllenborough to annex Gwalior.
She was the thirteen-year old
widow of J ankoji Scindia who
died in Feb.1843.
Tenzing Norgay Indian
mountaineer; the first to
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conquer Mt Everest on May 29,
1953 along with Sir Edmund
Hillary. He was awarded the
Padma Bhushan in 1959.
Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)
Us born inventor with more
than 1300 US and foreign
patents to his credit for his
inventions; most of themconcerned with electricity.
Some of his important
inventions are: The
incandescent lamps, phonograph
(Gramophone), carbon telephone
transmitters, microphone, etc.
Thomas Addison (1793-1860) The
British physician known for
his study of what is now known
as Addisons Disease and for
his works on ductless glands.
Timur (1336-1405) Head of the
Chaghta Truks. He was a
powerful warrior and a
plunderer known for the Sack
of Delhi (indiscriminate
massacre and plunder) during
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his invasion of India in 1398
AD.
Todar Mal (1556-1605) One of
the nine gems and revenue
minister in the court of
Akbar, known for his reforms
in policies of land revenue.
Tulsidas Was a great Hindipoet, Hindu religious preacher
and known for his work,
Ramachandaritamanas, which
pepicts the life of Lord Rama.
Valmiki A celebrated Sanskritpoet of ancient India, the
author of the Ramayana.
Varahmihira A distinguished
astronomer, mathematician and
philosopher of early times. He
was one of the nine gems inthe court of King Vikramaditya
(Chandragupta II).
Vasco de Gama (1470-1524) The
portuguese explorer who made
the first voyage from Europe
round Africa to the East and
-
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reached Calicut (India) in
1498.
Vikramaditya He was the
greatest emperor of the Gupta
dynasty. His reign constitutes
the most glorious chapter of
Indian history, when art and
literature flourished.
V.V.Giri The third
Vice-President (1967-1969) and
the fourth President of India
(1969-Acting).He was a
recipient of the Bharat Ratna
(1975). He died in1980.
Vijayalakshmi Pandit Sister of
J awaharlal Nehru, she was the
first woman minister of an
Indian state (UP). She holds
the distinction of being thefirst woman to become
President of thev UN General
Assembly and first Indian
woman ambassador to Moscow.
Swami Vivekanand (1863-1902) A
disciple of Ramakrishna
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Paramhansa, he championed the
greatness of Vedantic
philosophy. His famous talk at
the Chicago Conference of
World Religions in 1893 made
the Westerners realise the
greatness of Hindustan for the
first time. He established the
Ramakrishna Mission, in the
memory of his guru SriRamakrishna Paramhansa
(1836-1886).
Ved Vyas A great Sanakrit
scholar, who wrote the
Mahabharata, one of the mostrevered texts of the Hindus.
Vladimir Illich Lenin
(1870-1924) Also known as
Nikolai Lenin, he was a
Russian revolutionary leaderwho was exiled to Siberia in
1895 where he continued to
guide the revolutionary
struggle of the Russian
people. In 1898 he created a
new party, the Bolshevik
party, to bring about the
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communist revolution in
Russia. On November 7,1917, a
new socialist government was
formed under the leadingship
of Lenin.
Walt Disney (1901-66) A
merican film producer famous
for his cartoon characters,
Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck.
Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) He
was President of America
During World War I. He become
famous for his 14 points and
played a noteble part in thesetting up of the League of
Nations.
William Wordsworth(1770-1850)
The English poet whose famous
works include The Prelude,Intimations on Immortality,
The Recluse, The Solitary
Reaper, etc.
Sir Winston Churchill
(1874-1965) British statesman
and war leader, who was Prime
-
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Minister during World War II.
His pulication The Second
World War (in 6 volumes),
became very famous and earned
him the Nobel Prize in 1953.
He resigned as Prime Minister
in 1955 and published his
major work, A History of the
English Speaking People.
William Crooks (1832-1919) The
British chemist and physicist
who discovered the element
thallium in 1861 and invented
the radiometer. He also
pioneered research on Cathoderays.
William Thompson Kelvin
(1824-1907) A British
physicist, who put forward the
idea of an absolutemeasurement of temperature and
invented the Kelvin scale of
temperature.
Lord William Bentinck
(1828-1835) Governor- General
of India, famous for the sati
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reforms and suppression of
human sacrifice. He also
introduced English education
in India.
William Shakespeare
(1564-1616) English dramatist
and poet, considered the
greatest literary figure in
English literature. He wasborn as Stratford-on-Avon, the
son of a tradesman. He married
Anne Hathaway in 1582. His
first play was Henry VI and
his first major poem Venus and
Adonis.
Yuri Gagarin (1934-68) A
Russian cosmonaut. In 1961 he
become the first man to travel
in space. He complated one
revolution around the earthand it took him 89.34 minutes
to do so. He also holds the
record of being the first
person to fly at such a great
height, (340 Km from the
earth).
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Ved Vyas A great Sanskrit
scholar, who wrote the
Mahabharata, one of the most
revered texts of the Hindus.
Vladimir Illich Lenin
(1870-1924) Also known as
Nikolai Lenin, he was a
Russian revolutionary leader
who was exiled to Siberia in1895 where he continued to
guide the revolutionary
struggle of the Russian
people. In 1898 he created a
new party, the Bolshevik
party, to bring about thecommunist revolution in
Russia. On November 7,1917, a
new socialist government was
formed under the leadingship
of Lenin.
Z..A. Bhutto (1928-79)
President of Pakistan in 1971
and subsequently Prime
Minister of Pakistan. He was
deposed by an army coup led by
Zia-ul-Haq and executed in
1979.
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Zakir Hussain He was the third
President of India, and died
in office on May 3,1969. He
was also Indias second
Vice-President from 1962-1967.
Zoroaster A celebrated Persian
prophet and religious leader
who lived in the 7th centuryBC. He is the founder of
Zoroastrianism whose followers
are the parsees who settled in
India.1
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