201218 esparon, andrew development of a novel method for continuous monitoring of vegetation...
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8/2/2019 201218 Esparon, Andrew Development of a Novel Method for Continuous Monitoring of Vegetation Regrowth on a Rehabilitated Minesite Using a Simple LED Spectroradiometer
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Supervising Scientist - working to protect the environment from the impacts of uranium mining
www.environment.gov.au/ssd
Development of a novel method for continuous monitoring of vegetation
regrowth on a rehabilitated minesite using a simple LED spectroradiometer.
Andrew Esparon
Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist
Spatial Sciences and Data Integration
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2Supervising Scientist Division
Overview
Background of the issues to be addressed.
Description of the importance of these issues
Research activities Laboratory testing to assess spectral characteristics of plants and soils
Development and testing of the LED continuous monitoring device
Deployment devices in the field (On the Trial Landform and on ananalogue site).
Outline of the timing for various stages of research
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3Supervising Scientist Division
Overview of the issues to be addressed.
Approximately 60 countries have embarked on the road to nuclearpower (2010).
These nuclear power reactors consume about 68,000 tonnes ofuranium per year
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
The mining methods used in Australia to extracturanium are
Open cut
Underground
In-situ leach
Open cut mining method is the mostenvironmentally visible
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
Four active mineral leases within the AlligatorRivers Region (ARR)
Ranger
Jabiluka
Koongarra Nabarlek
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
Jabiluka: care &
maintenance
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
Jabiluka: care &
maintenance
Nabarlek:
Operational 1979-1989
Decommissioned 1995
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
Jabiluka: care &
maintenance
Ranger mine:
Discovered 1969,
Operation 1981,
Prod. ~ 5000 t/a,
mining ceases
~2014
Nabarlek:
Operational 1979-1989
Decommissioned 1995
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
Jabiluka: care &
maintenance
Ranger mine:
Discovered 1969,
Operation 1981,
Prod. ~ 5000 t/a,
mining ceases
~2014
Koongarra:
undeveloped
mineral lease
Nabarlek:
Operational 1979-1989
Decommissioned 1995
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
Ranger Uranium Mine is currently the onlyoperational mine.
10.3 km2 cleared of vegetation (Oct 2011)
265 meters maximum pit depth
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
Currently there are no good examples in thewet-dry tropics of successful reclamation of hardrock mines.
Development of the Trial Landform at Ranger in
2008/2009 covering approximately 200 m x400 m (8 ha).
Waste rock and a waste rock mixed with finermaterial called laterite were used to constructthe Landform.
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
The re-vegetation process is an importantaspect in the development of the finalrehabilitated landform
Different planting methods of various species of
plants and the implementation of differentplanting methods is being explored
It is important to continuously monitor plantgrowth to determine the vegetation response tochanging environmental conditions throughoutthe year
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
A traditional method of remote monitoring ofplant status is monitoring of plant indicators suchas the commonly used Normalized DifferenceVegetation index (NDVI)
where NIR and Red are reflectance in nearinfrared and red bands respectively.
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
It is well known that photodiodes coupled withoptical band-pass filters can be used to measurethe intensity of radiation in the wavelength bandof the band-pass filter
A LED can be used as a spectrally selective filterthat replaces both the photodiode and the filter.
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Overview of the issues to be addressed.
Advantages of a simple LED spectroradiometer Low cost
High stability
Power efficient
Small/light
Allows continuous monitoring of NDVI and othervegetation indices for a variety of plant speciesin the field.
These measurements will allow investigation ofdiurnal and annual variations in vegetationstructure and metabolism variables.
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Description of the importance of these issues
The general public is wary of Uranium miningbecause of the impact on the environment andthe associated radioactivity
In Australia, the experience of rehabilitating
uranium mines is questionable Rum Jungle
Radium Hill
Mary Kathleen
South Alligator group of mines
All still present environmental and radiologicalmanagement problems
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Description of the importance of these issues
Public concern increases when such a facility isto be decommissioned
Clear rehabilitation strategies need to be inplace for public reassurance and legislative
obligations.
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Description of the importance of these issues
The method of re-vegetation of the TLF will formthe model for the rehabilitation of the entireRanger mining area.
The success of this model will also assist in final
closure criteria of legacy first generation uraniummines.
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Research activities
The work program of this research proposal willinclude the following activities:
Laboratory testing to assess spectral characteristicsof plants and soils
Development and testing of the LED continuousmonitoring device
Deployment of a number devices in the field. On theTrial Landform and on an analogue site.
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Laboratory testing
Laboratory testing to assess spectral characteristics ofplants and soils
Use ASD spectrometer to measure spectra of variousplant species and waste rock material from the TLF todefine the spectral bands of interests that will require
monitoring
Quantify the spectral response measured as afunction of
Moisture content response due to changes in relative
humidity Viewing geometry (distance between the spectrometer and
the sample, field of view, lighting and viewing angle).
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Laboratory testing to assess spectral characteristics ofplants and soils
Laboratory testing
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Development of the LED device
Spectrally characterise LEDs using a tuneablelight source and a picoammeter to measurecurrent
LEDs will be selected with peak emissionwavelengths near the centre of the spectralbands of interest (Red(675nm) and NIR (800nm)for NDVI)
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Development of the LED device
The next step is to interface the LEDs to a
microcontroller (Texas instruments MSP430series)
Records the signal from the LED when it is exposed light
Performs both analogue and digital operations on a single
chip with minimal peripheral circuitry Three operational amplifiers can be linked together
programmatically on the chip to form a trans-impedancecircuit to amplify the small current generated by the LED
The amplified signal is then converted to a number using the
ADC. The digital architecture performs the task of data logging the
recorded measurements including date and time (SDcard/GPRS modem).
Ultra-low powered (Active Mode: 300 A at 1 MHz, 2.2 V)
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Development of the LED device
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Microcontroller programmed in C/C++
Development of the LED device
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Development of the LED device
One of the main parameters being measured isNDVI and this can be measured by selecting twoLEDs that are sensitive to the near infrared andred bands.
Put simply the reflectance is calculated as:
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Development of the LED device
Initial testing of the performance of the LEDspectroradiometer will be conducted at SSD prior todeploying in the field.
A weatherproof camera will be deployed that willtake a photo every time a reading is taken by theLED monitoring device.
A weather station will also be set up to assist in theassessment of measurements by providing valuableinformation about environmental conditions whenthe measurements are taken
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Deployment in the field
Deployment of a number devices in the field. Trial Landform
Georgetown analogue site
Need to address following issues
Mounting and setup of the devices
Maintenance and repair
Access to analogue site
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Work Plan
Milestone Start Expected completion
Quantify the spectral response of the target measurement as a function ofmoisture content and viewing geometry.
Develop method to calculate the fraction of vegetation green cover and
NDVI using LEDs as sensors.
6th Feb 2012 31st Apr 2012
Spectrally characterise LEDs and construct eight MCU/LED devices. This
includes the construction of the housing, fabrication of all electronic
components, and programming of the MCU.
7th May 2012 31st Aug 2012
Deploy eight monitoring devices outside the SSD office.
Download data from the LED devices outside the SSD office and make an
assessment of data collected and device performance.
19th Sep 2012 30th Nov 2012
Submit journal article detailing the construction of the LED device and
methods of measurement.16th Dec 2012
Deploy monitoring devices on the TLF (regular field trips will be conducted
to download data and check the setup).
1st Feb 2013 31st Aug 2013
Compile and analyze data collected from the LED devices in the field. 16th Feb 2013 14th Sep 2013
Submit project thesis 31st Oct 2013
Submit second journal article describing the results measured in the field. 16th Dec 2013
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Acknowledgements
Project Supervisor
Stefan Maier (Charles Darwin University)
Associate Supervisors
Ping Lu (Energy Resources of Australia Ltd)
Lindsay Hutley (Charles Darwin University)
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Questions?
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