2014 1029 adaptive dissmination of safety data among vehicles
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Adaptive dissemination of safety data among vehicles
Chisalita, I.、Shahmehri, N.
Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2006 IEEE 17th International Symposium on
11-14 Sept. 2006
KUAN-YU, CHEN
stu9458@gmail.com
Outline
• Introduction
– Challenge
• Related work
• Protocol overview
• Basic safety messages dissemination
• Evaluation
• Concluding remarks
2014/10/29 2
Introduction(1/3)
• An adaptive approach to dissemination of safety data among vehicles.
• Support the driver in dangerous traffic situations.
• Avoid the occurrence of such situations(collision warning and collision avoidance).
2014/10/29 3
Introduction(2/3)
• Challenge
– Specific properties of the traffic environment.
– The strict requirements of safety applications.
• Vehicles that are not in each other communication range may need to exchange data.
– Forwarding information.
• Vehicles that send their data may not be aware of the receivers that will make use of it
– Filtering of information.2014/10/29 4
Introducton(3/3)
• The protocol makes use of contextual informationfor sustaining inter-vehicle communication adaptable to the current traffic situation.
2014/10/29 5
Related work(1/4)
• Three main area about communication
– Group membership in vehicular networks
– Medium access control(MAC) schemes
– Traffic data dissemination.
2014/10/29 6
Related work(2/4)
• Various routing protocols have been proposed for data dissemination in ad-hocnetworks
• Protocols are less applicable to safety vehicular communication.
• Require the establishment of routes to a given destinations.
2014/10/29 7
Related work(3/4)
• Protocols followed a reactive approach, where notifications are sent when vehicles detect hazards in traffic.
• Takes a proactive approach where vehicles are regularly informed about the traffic situation.
• Used for predicting the occurrence of dangerous situations.
• e.g. Vehicle suddenly breaks down.
2014/10/29 8
Related work(4/4)
• DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)
– Specifies the MAC layer, the link layer and the radio layer for vehicular communication systems.
– Vehicle-to-road 、Vehicle-to-vehicle
– Augment DSRC functionality when providing safety services.
2014/10/29 9
Outline
• Introduction
– Challenge
• Related work
• Protocol overview
• Basic safety messages dissemination
• Evaluation
• Concluding remarks
2014/10/29 10
Protocol overview(1/7)
Problem
• A large number of communicating hosts may
tend to exchange data.
• Produce a heavy load on the communication channel.
• Difficulties in accessing the transmission medium and packet collisions.
• Apply two techniques for controlling the
dissemination of safety information.
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First(1/2)
• Define an organization of the vehicles in virtual clusters
– limited in space and in composition.
• Research in traffic safety has indicated that a vehicle can not extensively benefit by having data about a large number of vehicles.
• imposed a 300 meters as the cluster size.
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First(2/2)
• Impact of the cluster size on the communication performance.
– maximum number of members is 20.
• The data is importance.(remain)
– The sender be registered in cluster.
• If this does not happen, the data describing the respective vehicle is removed.
2014/10/29 13
Second
• An anonymous context-based broadcast.
• Receivers need to determine the data if they are the intended destination of this data.
• Context-based filtering.
– Based on a set of rules defined using research results in crash analyses.
– Guidelines for developing active safety systems
2014/10/29 14
Protocol overview(2/7)
• Basic Safety Messages (BSM)
Host identity Message sequence number
Message type Vehicle velocity
Vehicle positions(Two consecutive indications)
Vehicle heading
Vehicle status and size Road identity*
Road type* Road slipperiness*
Speed limit* Number of members
Cluster members identities Other information
2014/10/29 15
Protocol overview(3/7)
• send error
– BSMs are issued at regular time intervals.
– BSM can not be transmitted and a new one is generated, the older BSM is removed and the new one is inserted into the buffer.
• Forwarded
– Same cluster may not directly receive data about each other.
– Packet collision, shadowing or medium access
– Filtering
2014/10/29 16
Protocol overview(4/7)
• VA runs a matching algorithm to determine if these hosts may have interest in VB’s data.
– The process ends if such a host if found.
VB
VA
Host
2014/10/29 17
Protocol overview(5/7)
• Produces a peak-load on the channel and can reduce communication performance
• Before forwarding a BSM, a host waits an amount of time randomly selected between 0 and the transmission rate of BSMs.
2014/10/29 18
Protocol overview(6/7)
• Filtering and forwarding.
– Using a context-based technique.
• Traffic Postulates
– P1: The vehicles in close proximity have important data. Their number is limited
– P2: Vehicles in front and behind traveling on the same road and in the same direction have data of interest.
– P3: Vehicles coming from an opposite direction can constitute a danger on undivided roads.
– P4: Vehicles can collide if they arrive at an intersection at the same time.
2014/10/29 19
Protocol overview(7/7)
• Inclusion rule
– (I1) The Euclidean distance between sender and receiver is less than SAT ± ΔD. (ΔD is a hysterezisthreshold)
• Regular rules
– (R1)The sender and the receiver are traveling on the same road AND have similar heading.
– (R2) The sender and the receiver are on the same undivided road AND have different headings AND the sender is ahead of the receiver.
– (R3) The sender and the receiver are traveling on different roads AND a route contention is detected.
2014/10/29 20
Outline
• Introduction
– Challenge
• Related work
• Protocol overview
• Basic safety messages dissemination
• Evaluation
• Concluding remarks
2014/10/29 21
Basic safety messages dissemination(1/3)
• Providing vehicles with up-to-date traffic information in a regular manner can be performed using two approaches.
• First
– The constant rate approach, where BSMs are sent at fixed regular intervals.
– The analysis indicated a rate of 10 BSMs/second as appropriate
2014/10/29 22
Basic safety messages dissemination(2/3)
• Second
– Adaptive approach
– General enough as to accommodate a large diversity of situations.
– Velocities of the vehicles and the traffic density.
2014/10/29 23
Basic safety messages dissemination(3/3)
• vehicles velocity
– Residential areas, 30 to 50 km/h
– On country roads, 70 to 100 km/h
– Highway, 100 to 150 km/h
2014/10/29 24
Evaluation(1/10)
• GloMoSim v2.3
• Evaluation
– BSMs delivery delay
– packet collisions
– send errors
2014/10/29 25
Evaluation(2/9)
2014/10/29 26
Evaluation(3/10)
• BSMs delivery delay– The efficiency of information filtering was
measured by the information filtering rate.
– the ratio between accepted BSMs and received BSMs.
• packet collisions– The collisions were normalized with the number
of BSMs correctly received.
• send errors– Number of BSMs issued by a host.
2014/10/29 27
Evaluation(4/10)
• System bandwidth,10 - 2000 kbps.
• Communication service area or cluster size, 50 - 600 m.
• Network load, 6 – 20 vehicles/km/lane.
• Vehicles mobility, 10 - 40 m/s.
2014/10/29 28
Evaluation(5/10)
Propagation model Two-ray
Channel AWGN and Rician fading
Radio model Based on IEEE 802.11
Frequency 2.4GHz and 5.9 GHz
MAC scheme Non-persistent CSMA
Transmission Power 12 dBm (i.e.~317m range)
BSM size 112 bytes
2014/10/29 29
Evaluation(6/10)
• BSMs delay as a function of load density
2014/10/29 30
Evaluation(7/10)
• Packet collisions as a function of mobility
2014/10/29 31
Evaluation(8/10)
• Information filtering rate under mobility
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Evaluation(9/10)
• Send errors as a function of load density
2014/10/29 33
Evaluation(10/10)
• The extended version of the protocol considerably outperformed the basic version in most of the tests.
• Areas of improvements
– Efficient information filtering.
– Forwarding techniques.
– Better MAC schemes.
2014/10/29 34
Concluding remarks(1/2)
• Propose a protocol that makes use of contextual information for controlling thevehicular communication.
• Future work will focus on improvements of the protocol.
2014/10/29 35
Concluding remarks(2/2)
• The development of a prototype system using on-market devices (e.g. 802.11 WLAN cards or DSRC transceivers when these will be available) is intended.
2014/10/29 36
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