21 louise sperling objective8 overview
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TLII Seed Systems Group November 17, 2009
Developing seed systems to maximize impact for the poor in drought‐prone regions: TLII
ICRISAT, CIAT, IITA + 180 partners 8.1 J. Ndjeunga WCA . Groundnuts 8.2 E. Monyo ECA- CP, PP, Groundnuts 8.3 J.C. Rubyogo/L.Sperling ECA- Beans 8.4 A. Kamara Pan-Afr. Cowpea 8.5 S. Nigam India- CP, PP, Groundnuts 8.6 A. Kamara Pan-Afr Soybean
Tropical Legumes II (TLII)
Enhancing grain legumes’ producJvity and producJon, and the incomes of poor farmers in drought‐prone areas of sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia”
15% increase in produc0on and produc0vity
30% of total area to be covered with improved varie0es
Some 57 million farmers
Funded by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
TLII SPECIFIC SEED SYSTEM THRUSTS
1. Give farmers’ access to drought‐tolerant varieJes
• Increase produc0on/ stabilize produc0on • Valorize efforts of PUBLIC Breeding • Decrease Food Aid/Seed Aid ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
2. SJmulate development of seed + commodity
agro‐enterprise
Our Clients
Mostly small‐scale farmers Subsistence ‘Incipient‐commercial’
In Drought Zones • Low harvest • High incidence of ‘disaster’
Poor Farmers may lose seed, need to restock Low purchasing power Need highly adapted varieJes
OVERVIEW OF SEED SYSTEMS (Obj 8)
TLII SEED SYSTEMS: Country Focus‐ Phase I
ET KE TZ Malw Nigeria Niger Mali Moz India
Beans X X
Cowpea X X X X X
G-nuts X X X X X X
P-pea X X X
Ch-pea X X X
Soy bean
X X X X X
5 Cross‐ Crop Thrusts
Improve availability of foundaJon/cerJfied seed by NARS/other Public Sector and Private Sector (iniJal supplies/ bulking)
Design decentralized seed producJon modes‐‐ tailored to various clients (decentralized producJon)
Design diffusion‐ markeJng‐‐ tailored to various clients (decentralized distribuJon/markeJng)
Enhancing local capacity to produce delivery store and market (capacity building)
Enhance local‐level awareness of newly‐released varieJes (awareness raising/demand creaJon)
SELECT KEY RESEARCH QUESTIONS
TLII Models: FoundaJon seed producJon 1. NARS (at Research Center)
2. NARS‐ with contract farmers
3. Public sector with founda0on seed farm
4. Individual farmers and farmers groups
5. Agricultural Universi0es
6. IARCS producing founda0on seed directly
7. IARCS contrac0ng farmers
8. Private companies
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
CerJfied seed: 7 models
Other qualiJes seed‐ 10 models
TLII: Delivery models 1. Agro‐input dealers selling directly to clients
2. Private companies‐ selling direct to clients
3. CBSS (Community‐based seed produc0on)
4. NGOs give seed loans
5. FFS (Farmer Field Schools)
6. Schools
7. Via large farmer associa0ons/unions/coopera0ve
8. Farmer growers to grain exporters
9. Farmer growers‐ selling to traders (via local markets)
10. Farmer to farmer exchange
11. Soybean resource centers
12. Seed revolving fund
13. Seed banks
14. Seed revolved from payback system
15. Seed villages
16. Parastalals involved in direct delivery
M+E (Agreements Sept 25, 2009) Seed producJon
per Mode of Seed Production
• Cost of Seed Production (versus quality, yields and risks) (disease/health analysis)
• Quantity of Seed Produced
• Analysis of Qualitative Costs and Benefits (and for whom)
M+E (Agreements September 25, 2009) Seed DistribuJon and MarkeJng
• Number of different varieJes distributed per target region
• Overall quanJty of seed distributed • Amount of seed distributed per farmer • Number of farmers reached per region
• Profile of clients (gender, wealth and other key variables of interest: casts? ethnic group?)
• Geographic reach (zones covered), key zones not covered • Knowledge associated with specific modes of seed transfer • Analysis of QualitaJve Costs and Benefits (and for whom)
• Income to farmers/seed producers
RETHINKING IMPACT PATHS
.
Years
62 10
14
10
20
Conventional
Wider Impact
Links with PRIVATE SECTOR:
Provision of iniJal seed for bulking up ProducJon for commercial farmers MarkeJng of seed, including in small packs (agro‐dealers)
Moving grain products on a large scale (export market)
Catalyzing new private sector companies to enter into commercial legume seed producJon
Pro-poor features
Seed produced and available in zones of acJon
Seed cost ‘accessible’, parJally via small packets, or seed loans, or in retail markets
Seed quality to meet end‐user needs
VarieJes to enter local channels on large scale
(ISSUE: how to link PRIVATE SECTOR with PRO‐POOR interests)
SELECT RESULTS (as of Sept 2009)
TLII Seed Partnerships: > 180
, Select TLII Seed System Partners
ObjecJve 8.2: Groundnuts, chickpea, pigeonpea, ESA : ICRISAT Malawi: Department of Agricultural Research Services (DARS), Na0onal Small‐ holder Farmers Associa0on Malawi (NASFAM), CARE Malawi, Ac0on Aid and Adven0st Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), Plan Interna0onal, Rab Processors, Seed Co, Monsanto, Tanzania: Department of Research and Training (DRT), Naliendele Research Ins0tute‐ Department of Crop Development (DCD ), Diocese of Central Tanzania (DCT), Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Concern Interna0onal, Mohamed Enterprises, OLAM Pvt Ltd., East African Seed, Zonabia Seed, Ethiopia: Ethiopia Ins0tute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Regional Agricultural Research Centers, Ethiopian Seed Service, Farmers’ Unions, Ethiopian Na0onal Extension Service.
ObjecJve 8.1: Groundnuts, WCA: ICRISAT, Nigeria :Ins0tute of Agricultural Research , State Agricultural and Rural Development Authori0es in Kano (KNARDA) in Katsina State (KTARDA) and in Jigawa State (JARDA, Bayero , University of Kano Niger: Ins0tut Na0onal de Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN) ALHERI Seed Company, Direc0on Regionale du Developpement Agricole/Direc0on Departmentale de l’Agriculture (DRD/DDA), Farmers’ Associa0ons/Farmers’ Organiza0on/Small‐Scale Seed Producers, Mali: Ins0tut d’Economie Rurale (IER), EUCORD, FA/FO/SCSP. AOPP Associa0on of Cer0fied Seed Producers, FA/FP/SCSP, Farmers’ and Producer Organiza0ons, FASOKABA
ObjecJve 8.3: Beans, E. Africa. : CIAT. Ethiopia: Ethiopian Ins0tute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Melkassa Agricultural Research Center (MARC), Southern Agricultural Research Ins0tute (SARI), Awassa Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Areka ARC, Debre Berhan ARC, Lume Adama Farmers Coopera0ve Union (FCU), Hetossa FCU, Bora Dambal FCU, Uta Wayu FCU, Walta FCU, CARE West Hararghe, Haraghe Catholic Secretariat (HCS), Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Alem Tena Catholic Church (CC), Wonji CC, Meki C CC, Self Help Development Interna0onal (SHDI)‐Bora, Water Ac0on, Improving Produc0vity & Market Success (IPMS)‐Alaba, Interna0onal Development Enterprise (IDE), Zonal Agriculture and Rural Development Office (ZARDO) in Shewa, Arsi, Silte and Guraghe, MAP Coop, ACOS‐Ethiopia, ELFORA, H. WAQO seed, Haramaya University. Kenya: Kenya Agricultural Research Ins0tute (KARI), KARI‐ HQ, and Katumani, Kisii, Catholic Diocese (CD) of Nakuru, CD of Kisumu, CD of Homa Bay, CD of Muranga, Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) Nyanza Province, MoA Kitui, MoA Yaoa, MoA Makuyu, MoA Samia, Leldet LTD, Drylands Seed LTD, Lambwe Seed Growers, Farm Inputs Promo0on Services (FIPS) Africa, Nangina Social Work Project, Self Help Developmental Interna0onal World Vision (WV)‐ Makuyu, WV‐Mutonguni, Concern Universal, MAA AIDS Awareness Programme, Excellent Development, INADES Forma0on Interna0onal, Busia Community Development Organiza0on (BUCODEV). Across both countries Pan Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) ObjecJve 8.4: Cowpea, pan‐Africa IITA. Nigeria : Borno State Agricultural Development Project (BOSADP), University of Maiduguri, Jirkur Seed Co‐opera0ve, Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (KNARDA), Seed Project Ltd, Kano, Premier Seeds Ltd Zaria, Na0onal Agricultural Seed Council Kano, Niger: Ins0tut Na0onal de Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN), Organisa0on Neerlandaise de Developpment (SNV)‐ Maradi, Advisor Fruits‐légume SNV Zinder, Alheri Seed Kouni. Mali: Ins0tut d’Economie Rurale (IER) Segou, Millenium Village Project, AOPP Associa0on of Cer0fied Seed Producers, Mozambique: Ins0tuto de Inves0gacio Agraria de Mocambique, IIAM Empresa Comercial dos Productores Associados (IKURU) , Mozambique. Tanzania: Sokoine University of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Ins0tute, Iringa,Tanzania Official Seed Cer0fica0on Ins0tute, Msimba, Founda0on Seed Farm, Agricultural Seed Agency.
ObjecJve 8.5: Groundnuts, chickpea, pigeonpea, India ICRISAT. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Department of Agriculture (DoA), Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Government of Tamil Nadu, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Bengaluru, UAS Dharwad, UAS Raichur, Doa/MoA, Government of Karnataka, Karnataka Oilseeds Federa0on, Karnataka State Seeds Corpora0on (KSSC), Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth (PDKV) Akola, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Durgapur (PDKV), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karda PDKV, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Adarsh Rythu , Andhra Pradesh State Seeds Development Corpora0on (APSSDC).
Partnerships are a cornerstone of impact-oriented seed systems, Since its inception in September 2007, TLII ‘seed systems’ (Objective 8) has established at least 187 organizational partnerships for seed production and delivery, with many of these formalized through contract or Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs). Partners include inter alia; government research and extension systems, private sector companies, seed parastatals, farmer cooperatives, unions and associations, universities, schools, faith-based and non-governmental organizations. Largely because of these partnerships, and focus on organizations’ complementarities, the scale of seed production under TLII has been notable: as of September 2009, 2391 MT of foundation and certified seed and 1111 MT of ‘other’, good quality seed.
For more informaJon see: www.tropicallegumes.org
ObjecJve 8.6: Soybean, IITA CIAT‐TSBF pan‐Africa. Nigeria Borno State Agricultural Development Project (BOSADP), Univ. of Maiduguri, Jirkur Seed Co‐opera0ve, Biu, Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project (KADP), Seed Project Ltd, Kano, Premier Seeds Ltd Zaria, Malawi, DARS, Kenya: Kenya Agriculture Research Council, Leldet Seed Company, Mozambique Ins0tuto de Inves0gacio Agraria de Mocambique (IIAM) , Tanzania , Agricultural Research Ins0tute, Iringa., Tanz. Official Seed Cer0fica0on Inst. Msimba.
Results: TLII 8.3 ProducJon of FoundaJon Seed Aug 2007‐ June 09 (MT):
Program Foundation/Certified Other: ‘Good’
WCA-Gnut 65 100
ESA:CP,PP,GN 501 n/a
Beans 209 752
Cowpea 194
Soybean 290 23
India (CP.PP.GN)
1132 236
TOTAL 2391 1111
Number of farmers reached (November 09)
1,286,540
Founda0on Seed‐ ECA Groundnut (ICRISAT) (this season): 450 T
ICRISAT
Seed Stock
Seed Revolving Fund Seed Companies
NGOs
Agrodealers
Farmers
Government of Malawi
Contract Growers
1
2
3
5
4
6
7
8
8
9
10
11
13
The Malawi Model of the Seed Revolving Fund
Crop Gross income
Total Variable cost
Gross Margin (Naira)
Cowpea 38038 14559 23479 ($168) Soybean 89145 53650 35294 ($252)
Gross Margin Analysis (per ha) for CBSS Seed Systems in Nigeria(Naira) (IITA)
$1=N140
Marketing Small Packs
Get new varieties to farmers (80g 250g 500g, 1 kg, 2 kg , 5 kg
Uncover demand Varieties Seed
Expand market for certified FASO KABA- Bamako , Mali
Cowpea : Nigeria , Mozambique Groundnuts; Niger Soybean : Kenya Beans: Ethiopia and Kenya
FASO KABA- Bamako
Sold in open markets, country stores, agro-dealers
Kenya- beans Nigeria- cowpea
Results‐ small packs seed experiments
High volume sales Niger - groundnut- 6,908 packs Kenya- beans 28,000 “ Ethiopia- beans 11,750 “ Nigeria- soybeans 7,980
Mozam cowpea 12 Tons in packs Nigeria cowpea 15 “
Farmers purchase certified legume seed > 75,000 farmers (2 seasons)
Market differentiation
Beans- Kenya- 80 g, 250g
Soybeans –Kenya- 1 kg
Soybean- Nigeria- 2 kg
Seed outlet enhancement (CIAT)
23% farmers currently within 1 hr. seed outlet
Rural radios (Niger): dissemination of information on:
* prices, * varieties * location of selling points
Not covered by rural radios
SUMMARY: SELECT RESULTS Impacts Impressive amount of seed produced Significant number of farmers reached
Innova0on results Demand crea0on: farmers pay for cer0fied seed
Cost‐effec0ve CBSS seed produc0on models
Promising Founda0on seed model
Marke0ng model‐ poor/ women/ high impact
FoundaJon Seed‐ produced by NARS ( reflecJons 25/9/09)
Disadvantages Supply can be hijacked ( oqen
for poli0cal reasons)
Bureaucracy‐ not run as ‘business
Oqen ‘non‐sharing of varie0es’
Diverts efforts away from research func0ons (where no seed unit)
Advantages • Easy variety replacement
• Consistent supply
• Broad range of varie0es
• Poten0al to serve range of partners
But…… continuing reflections
IARCS producing foundaJon seed
Disadvantages
Compe00on with local actors
Limited ability to distribute seed
Conflict of interest for CGIAR mandate
Totally unsustainable
Advantages
• Income genera0on (non‐profit)
• Good quality seed
• Wider range of varie0es
• Filling gap because of non‐func0onal ins0tu0ons
MOVING FORWARD
Future : within crops
Any model moved forward has to be:
Impact-oriented (reached people)
cost-effective
Usable for drought-prone zones
Future : among crop synergies- TLII
Test case: marketing
Single supplier- bagging multiple crops
Promotion of multiple crops- through agro-dealer, open market networks
Needs‐ cross‐crop milestones
Future : among crop synergies‐ TLII
Better targeting --within next year (for high impact zones)
Map? : ‘high poverty’- /‘high drought’ hot spots Map?: high population density - drought
(some commitment- across crops, for action)
Across BMGF projects TL II and DTMA
..(Maps development)
‐ (Maize/legumes interacJons?
TLI and TLII
(not clear seed component)
TL II and N2fix
.. Variety choice?
‐ Should n2fix be building on some of the TLII seed system s?
‐ Sites ‐ Partners ‐ Lessons
with WASA/ESASA
Seed Supply Exchange
MOVING FORWARD: TLII‐AGRA links
Specific Actions: Legume seed
1. Incentives for private seed companies– to pack smaller
2. Link with agro-dealer networks-
3. Expand agro-dealer networks- (trader agents-- remote areas)?
4. M+ E-- together- WHO is being reached? At what COST?
AGRA TLII
For more informaJon
www.tropicallegumes.org
Updates seed systems (syntheses Nov 2009)
Seed Manuals (production, business, value chain (19 languages, including 10 African languages)
Videos!
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