2.2 energy sources key concepts 1. what is a turbine and...
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2.2 Energy Sources
KEY CONCEPTS
1. What is a turbine and how does it work?
2. What are the 2 forms of energy?
3. What are examples, advantages and
disadvantages of fossil fuels?
4. What are examples, advantages and
disadvantages of alternative energy?
• Electricity is made through the use of spinning turbines.
• Explain: a wheel or rotor, is made to spin by a fast-moving flow of water, steam, gas, or air
• 2 forms of Energy Sources
• Fossil Fuels
• Forms of stored solar energy
• Why?
• Examples: COAL, OIL, or NATURAL GAS
• Alternative Energy
• Any fuel that is not identified as a fossil fuel
• Examples:
•Energy Sources
Nuclear, Wind Power, Solar Power,
Hydroelectric (water), Biomass
•Where do we get our energy?
• Examples:
• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas
•Fossil FuelsForms of stored solar energy
Why? originally came from the sun, captured by photosynthesis
•CoalWhat: Plant remains covered and compressed in swamp forest
millions of years ago.
How:
Pros
Cons
Mining, using explosives, digging out coal
• Abundant supply
• Currently inexpensive to extract
• Generates large amounts of energy
•Emits major greenhouse gases/acid rain
•High environmental impact from mining
and burning
•Mining = dangerous for miners & bad for
health
•PetroleumWhat: Ocean plants and animals that were buried and
compressed under sediment millions of years ago.
How: Drilling into the earth & pumping out
Pros
Cons
• Efficient transportation fuel for the world
• Basis of many products, from prescription drugs
to plastics
• Economical to produce
• Easy to transport
• High CO2 emissions
• Found in limited areas
• Limited Supply (non-renewable)
• Possible environmental impact from
drilling/transporting
•Natural Gas
What: Made by ocean plants and animals that were buried under
sediment millions of years ago. Often times found with petroleum.
How: Drilling into the earth & pumping out
Pros
Cons
• Widely available
• Cleanest-burning fossil fuel
• Natural Gas < OIL < COAL
• Costs to transport are high
• Limited Supply (non-renewable)
• Pipelines disturb ecosystems
• LEAKS DESTROY ecosystems
• Still has emissions
•Petroleum & Natural Gas
Click here for
Fracking Video
• Examples:
• Nuclear
• Wind Power
• Solar Power
• Hydroelectric
• Biomass
•Alternative Energy SourcesAny energy source, both renewable and nonrenewable that is
not one of primary (fossil fuels) energy sources
Click on the Earth for National Geographic video on alternative energy sources
•NuclearWhat: Energy produced through nuclear fission of uranium-
235 in controlled nuclear reactors.
How:
Pros
Cons
• No greenhouse gases or CO2 emissions
• Efficient (saves Energy)
• Uranium reserves are abundant
• Only has to be restocked yearly (unlike coal)
• Higher costs due to safety, radioactive waste,
and storage systems
• Radioactive waste disposal – where to put it?
• Heated waste water harms aquatic life
• Potential nuclear catastrophe issue
Uranium is mined. Nuclear fission = splits atom & releases heat.
•Nuclear
•Wind PowerWhat: Energy generated from transforming wind’s kinetic energy
into electrical energy.
How: Wind Mills spin turbines → energy
Pros
Cons
• No emissions
• Affordable
• Little disruption of ecosystems
• Relatively high output
• How much energy depends on wind speed
• Not feasible for all geographic locations
• High initial investment/ongoing
maintenance costs
• Extensive land use
Click here for
Wind Turbine Video
(Department of Energy)
•Wind Power
•Solar PowerWhat: The collection of the sun’s energy.
How: Solar panel absorb sunlight and convert to energy
Pros
Cons
• Non-polluting
• Most abundant energy source
available
• Systems last 15-30 years
• High Costs at first
• Depends on sunny weather
• May need other type of energy
• Solar panels take up a lot of space
• Some solar panels are ugly
PS10
•Solar Power
•HydropowerWhat: Energy that comes from the force of moving water.
How:
Pros
Cons
• No emissions
• Generating large amounts of power
• Output can be regulated
flow of water from waterfalls and dams to produce electricity.
WITH DAMS – water powers turbines
• Building Dams disturb & change the env.
• Expensive to build
• Dams may be affected by drought
•GeothermalWhat: Using the power of the heat within the Earth.
How: from the heat stored in the Earth’s core
• Minimal environmental impact
• Efficient
• Very low emissions (low greenhouse gasses)
• Low cost after the initial investment
Pros
Cons
• Only can be used in few areas around
the world
• Expensive start-up costs
• Wells could eventually be depleted
•Geothermal
•BiomassWhat: Harnessing the energy within biological matter.
How: (combustion, decomposition, & fermentation)
• Abundant supply
• Fewer emissions than fossil fuel sources
• Can be used in diesel engines
• Auto engines easily convert to run on biomass
fuel
Pros
Cons
• Source must be near usage to cut transportation
costs
• Emits some pollution as gas/liquid waste
• Increases emissions of nitrogen oxides, an air
pollutant
• Uses some fossil fuels in conversion
•BiomassFuels made from Biomass =
Biodiesel, Ethanol, and Methanol
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