240496 experimental design 17jul09 slides

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNNANTAPON JUNNGURN, SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY

@COPY RIGHT 2009 BY NANTAPON JUNNGURN

EXPERIMENT

A scientific test that is carried out in order to study what happens

and to gain new knowledge

A new activity, idea or method that you try out to see what

happens or what effect it has

DESIGN APPROACH

BASIC DESIGN

DESIGN AS RESEARCH

FUNCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

CONSTRUCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

PERCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

FORMAL FRAMEWORKLITERAL IMITATION

METAPHORICAL ANALOGY

LOGICAL INTERPRETATION

CULTURAL FRAMEWORK

DESIGN APPROACH

BASIC DESIGN

DESIGN AS RESEARCH

PIG CITY, MVRDVThe Netherlands is the European Union’s largest exporter of pig meat. But how can this pork production line be streamlined and modernized? MVRDV, a firm known for their emphasis on intensive research and

presentation, created Pig City as a means of demonstrating the high rise’s potential as a tool for solving problems of density, simultaneously calling into question the very same issues of quality of life that have

dogged the residential tower since its inception. This porcine utopia proposed 76 towers of over 610 metres (2,000 feet), with a 90 meter x 90 meter (300 x 300 foot) floor plan, giving each inhabitant plenty of space

to wallow. Pig City is naturally, only a concept. But, more importantly, it is a concept steeped in architecture critical thinking, a stern warning about what might lie ahead should Modernist principles be applied on

purely economic grounds and not ethical ones.

FUNCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

CONSTRUCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

PERCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

FORMAL FRAMEWORKLITERAL IMITATION

METAPHORICAL ANALOGY

LOGICAL INTERPRETATION

CULTURAL FRAMEWORK

NETHERLANDS EMBASSYBERLIN, GERMANY, BERLIN, OMA

: 2005 Mies van der Rohe Award

(The European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture)

NETHERLANDS EMBASSY BERLIN, GERMANY, BERLIN, OMA2005 Mies van der Rohe Award (The European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture)

A continuous trajectory reaching all eight stories of the embassy shapes the building’s internal communication. The workspaces are the ‘leftover areas’ after the trajectory was ‘carved’ out of the cube and are

situated along the facade. Reception spaces are activated inside the cube. Other semi-public spaces are located closer to the facade and at one point cantilever out over the drop-off area. From the entry, the

trajectory leads on via the library, meeting rooms, fitness area and restaurant to the roof terrace.

The trajectory exploits the relationship with the context, river Spree, Television Tower (‘Fernsehturm’), park and wall of embassy residences; part of it is a ‘diagonal void’ through the building that allows one to see

the TV ower from the park. The (slightly over pressurized) trajectory works as a main airduct from which fresh air percolates to the offices to be drawn off via the double (plenum) facade. This ventilation concept

is part of a strategy to integrate more functions into one element.

FUNCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

CONSTRUCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

PERCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

FORMAL FRAMEWORKLITERAL IMITATION

METAPHORICAL ANALOGY

LOGICAL INTERPRETATION

CULTURAL FRAMEWORK

TERMS VALS,SWITZERLAND, 1996 , PETER ZUMTHOR

Zumthor uses images of quarries and water flowing spontaneously from the ground to describe the conception of the building, ideas charged with an archaic atmosphere. Its geometric rigor reflects a huge rock

embedded in the hillside. The building is made from local Valser quartzite and concrete. Water, light and to some extent steam and heat, add to the definition of areas within the ritual of the bath.

BROTHER KLAUS FIELD CHAPEL, PETER

ZUMTHOR

The interior of the chapel room was formed out of 112 tree trunks, which

were configured like a tent. In twentyfour working days, layer after

layer of concrete, each layer 50 cm thick, was poured and rammed

around the tent-like structure. In the autumn of 2006, a special

smouldering fire was kept burning for three weeks inside the log tent,

after which time the tree trunks were dry and could easily be removed

from the concrete shell. The chapel floor was covered with lead, which

was melted on site in a crucible and manually ladled onto the floor. The

bronze relief figure in the chapel is by sculptor Hans Josephsohn.

FUNCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

CONSTRUCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

PERCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

FORMAL FRAMEWORKLITERAL IMITATION

METAPHORICAL ANALOGY

LOGICAL INTERPRETATION

CULTURAL FRAMEWORK

BIG DUCKTo stand out in this flock of ducks, Riverhead duck-farmer Martin Maurer got an idea. While holidaying in California, he stopped at a roadside shop shaped like a giant coffeepot. He thought this was a clever

advertising gimmick, and imagined how he could do the same at home, but utilising a duck. When Maurer returned to Long Island, he hired a local carpenter named George Reeve, who in turn hired two stage show set

designers to build the Duck. They used a cooked chicken carcass and a live duck tied with a string to a perch as models. Concrete applied over a wooden frame was used to build the Duck. The finishing touch was

the eyes, which were the taillights of a Model T Ford, which would glow red at night when cars passed by.

DUCK ARCHITECTUREBuildings such as this are classified as follies. However, in architecture the term "duck" is used more specifically to describe buildings that are in the shape of an everyday object they relate to. According the

Long Island newspaper Newsday, "The Big Duck has influenced the world of architecture; any building that is shaped like its product is called a 'duck'." Edward Tufte's The Visual Display of Quantitative Information

uses the term "duck", explicitly named after this building, to describe irrelevant decorative elements in charts. The Big Duck was the target of widespread criticism during the 1960s and early 1970s but the building

did have its architectural defenders. Robert Venturi said that since the building combined functional and symbolic aspects of architecture it was noteworthy. It was Venturi who coined the term "duck" to describe a

building in which the architecture is subordinate to the overall symbolic form. However, he preferred the "decorated shed" as a model. On November 13, 2006, radio station WBLI rated the Flanders Duck first amongst

the 7 wonders of Long Island, just ahead of the Commack Motor Inn

PIANO AND VIOLIN HOUSE, AN HUI PROVINCE, CHINA

FUNCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

CONSTRUCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

PERCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

FORMAL FRAMEWORKLITERAL IMITATION

METAPHORICAL ANALOGY

LOGICAL INTERPRETATION

CULTURAL FRAMEWORK

CITIES ON THE MOVE 6TH , OCTOBER 1999_SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY

FUNCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

CONSTRUCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

PERCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

FORMAL FRAMEWORKLITERAL IMITATION

METAPHORICAL ANALOGY

LOGICAL INTERPRETATION

CULTURAL FRAMEWORK

MUSEUM OF LANNA LANTERNS,1999-2000_SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY

FUNCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

CONSTRUCTIONAL FRAMEWORK

PERCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

FORMAL FRAMEWORKLITERAL IMITATION

METAPHORICAL ANALOGY

LOGICAL INTERPRETATION

CULTURAL FRAMEWORK

DESIGN APPROACH

BASIC DESIGN

DESIGN AS RESEARCH

ARISTOTLE

Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student

of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many

subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music,

logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology.

Aristotle goes too far in deriving 'laws of the universe' from

simple observation and over-stretched reason. Today's

scientific method assumes that such thinking without sufficient

facts is ineffective, and that discerning the validity of one's

hypothesis requires far more rigorous experimentation than

that which Aristotle used to support his laws.

Aristotle also had some scientific blind spots. He posited a

geocentric cosmology that we may discern in selections of the

Metaphysics, which was widely accepted up until the 1500s.

From the 3rd century to the 1500s, the dominant view held that

the Earth was the center of the universe (geocentrism).

GEOCENTRIC UNIVERSEIn astronomy, the geocentric model is the superseded theory that the Earth is the center of the universe and other objects go around it. Belief in this system was common in ancient Greece. It was embraced by

both Aristotle and Ptolemy, and most Ancient Greek philosophers assumed that the Sun, Moon, Star, and naked eye planets circle the Earth. Two common observations were believed to support the idea that the

Earth is in the center of the Universe: The first observation is that the stars, sun, and planets appear to revolve around the Earth each day, with the stars circling around the pole and those stars nearer the

equator rising and setting each day and circling back to their rising point. The second is the common sense perception that as the Earth is solid and stable it is not moving—but is at rest.

GALILEO GALILEI

Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian

physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who

played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His

achievements include improvements to the telescope and

consequent astronomical observations, and support for

Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the "father of modern

observational astronomy," the "father of modern physics," the

"father of science," and "the Father of Modern Science."

Stephen Hawking says, "Galileo, perhaps more than any other

single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science."

GALILEO GALILEI’S OBSERVATIONOn 7 January 1610 Galileo observed with his telescope what he

described at the time as "three fixed stars, totally invisible by

their smallness," all close to Jupiter, and lying on a straight line

through it. Observations on subsequent nights showed that the

positions of these "stars" relative to Jupiter were changing in a

way that would have been inexplicable if they had really been

fixed stars. On 10 January Galileo noted that one of them had

disappeared, an observation which he attributed to its being

hidden behind Jupiter. Within a few days he concluded that they

were orbiting Jupiter: He had discovered three of Jupiter's four

largest satellites (moons). He discovered the fourth on 13

January.

A planet with smaller planets orbiting it did not conform to the

principles of Aristotelian Cosmology, which held that all heavenly

bodies should circle the Earth, and many astronomers and

philosophers initially refused to believe that Galileo could have

discovered such a thing

HELIOCENTRIC UNIVERSEIn astronomy, heliocentrism is the theory that the Sun is at the center of the Universe. The word came from the Greek (ήλιος Helios = sun and κέντρον kentron = center). Historically, heliocentrism was opposed

to geocentrism , which placed the Earth at the center. Though discussions on the possibility of heliocentrism date to classical antiquity, it was not until 1,800 years later, however, in the 16th century, that the Polish

mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus presented a fully predictive mathematical model of a heliocentric system, which was later elaborated and expanded by Johannes Kepler.

BELIEF & TRUTH

SCIENTIFIC METHODCharacterizations : Observations, Definitions, Measurements

Hypothesis Development

Predictions

Experiments : Independent, Dependent, and Control Variable/

Interpret Data, Analyze Data, and Draw Conclusion

Retest

Scientists are like architects who build buildings

of different sizes and shapes and who can be

judged only after the event, i.e., only after they

have finished their structure. It may stand up, it

may fall down-nobody knows.

PAUL FEYERABEND, INTRODUCTION TO AGAINST METHOD

INTUITION & LOGIC

ANTOIO GAUDI

Antonio Gaudํ (1852-1926) was a Spanish Catalan architect who

belonged to the Modernist style (Art Nouveau) movement and

was famous for his unique and highly individualistic designs.

It is widely acknowledged that Gaudi is a part of Barcelona. His

first works were designed in the style of gothic architecture

and traditional Catalan architectural modes, but he soon

developed his own distinct sculptural style. French architect

Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, who promoted an evolved form of gothic

architecture, proved a major influence on Gaudํ. But the student

surpassed the master architect and contrived highly original

designs – irregular and fantastically intricate. Some of his

greatest works, most notably La Sagrada Fam ํlia, have an almost

hallucinatory power.

SANGRADA FAMILIA, BARCELONA, SPAIN ,

BY ANTONIO GAUDI , 1883

The Sagrada Familia was designed by Antoni Gaudํ (who worked

on the project for over 40 years. Gaudi devoted the last 15

years of his life entirely to the endeavor. The project is

scheduled to be completed in 2026. On the subject of the

extremely long construction period, Gaudํ is said to have

remarked, "My client is not in a hurry." After Gaudํ's death in

1926, work continued under the direction of Dom ่nech Sugranyes

until interrupted by the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Parts of the

unfinished church and Gaudํ's models and workshop were

destroyed during the war by Catalan anarchists. The present

design is based on reconstructed versions of the lost plans as

well as on modern adaptations. Since 1940 the architects

Francesc Quintana, Isidre Puig Boada, Lluํs Bonet i Gari and

Francesc Cardoner have carried on the work. The current

director and son of Lluํs Bonet, Jordi Bonet i Armengol, has

been introducing computers into the design and construction

process since the 1980s. Mark Burry of New Zealand serves as

Executive Architect and Researcher. Sculptures by J. Busquets,

Etsuro Sotoo and the controversial Josep Subirachs decorate

the fantastical fa็ades.

STEREOSTATIC MODELIn Gaudํ's hanging model a system of threads represents columns, arches, walls and vaults. Sachets with lead shot resemble the weight of small building parts.

Gaudํ spent ten years working on studies for the design, and developing a new method of structural calculation based on a stereostatic model built with cords and small sacks of pellets. The

outline of the church was traced on a wooden board (1:10 scale), which was then placed on the ceiling of a small house next to the work site.

CATENARY MODEL

In physics and geometry, the catenary is the theoretical shape a hanging chain

or cable will assume when supported at its ends and acted on only by its own weight.

CATENARIES FOR DIFFERENT VALUES OF THE PARAMETER ‘A’

Cords were hung from the points where columns were to be

placed. Small sacks filled with pellets, weighing one ten-

thousandth part of the weight the arches would have to

support, were hung from each catenaric arch formed by the

cords. Photographs were taken of the resulting model from

various angles, and the exact shape of the church's structure

was obtained by turning them upside-down obtaining therefore

the form, absolutely precise and exact, of the structure of the

building, without having to have conducted an operation of

calculation and without possibility of error. The forms of cords

corresponded to the lines of tension of the prim structure and

when inverting the photo, the lines of pressure of the

compressed structure were obtained. An absolutely exact and

simple method, giving an example of the intuitive and elementary

methods that Gaud ํ applied in its architecture and that allowed

him to obtain balanced forms very similar to which nature

offers.

ADVANCED GEOMETRY STUDIES, THE SECOND ORDER SURFACES

HYPERBOLIC

PARABOLOID HELICOID HYPERBOLOID OF REVOLUTION

ADVANCED GEOMETRY STUDIES, THE SECOND ORDER SURFACES

CASA MILA, BARCELONA, SPAIN, ANTOIO GAUDI

CASA MILA

Catenary arches under the roof of Gaudํ's Casa Milเ, Barcelona,

Spain

CASA BATLLO’ , BARCELONA, SPAIN, ANTOIO GAUDI

FREI OTTO

Otto studied architecture in Berlin before being drafted into

the Luftwaffe as a fighter pilot in the last years of World War II.

It is said that he was interred in a French POW camp and, with

his aviation engineering training and lack of material and an

urgent need for housing, began experimenting with tents for

shelter. After the war he studied briefly in the United States

and visited Erich Mendelsohn, Mies van der Rohe, Richard

Neutra, and Frank Lloyd Wright. He began private practice in

Germany in 1952. His saddle-shaped cable-net music pavilion at

the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Garden Exposition) in Kassel

brought him his first significant attention. He earned a

doctorate about tensioned constructions in 1954..

Membrane Surface Formation

Suspended Shape Formation

Minimal Path Formation

TOYO ITOToyo Ito (1941) is considered "one of the world's most innovative

and influential architects" (Designboom).

Ito is known for creating extreme conceptual architecture, in

which he seeks to melt the physical and virtual worlds. He is a

leading exponent of architecture that addresses issues of the

contemporary notion of a 'simulated' city.

IMITATION

AESTHETIC INTERPRETATION

FORMATION UNDERSTANDING

IMAGE

MECHANICAL UNDERSTANDING

LOGIC

BEIJING NATIONAL AQUATICS CENTERWater Cube design was chosen from 10 proposals in an international architectural competition for the aquatic center project. The Water Cube was designed and built by a consortium made up of PTW Architects (an

Australian architecture firm) . The outer wall is based on the Weaire–Phelan structure, a structure devised from the natural formation of bubbles in soap foam.The complex Weaire–Phelan pattern was developed by

slicing through bubbles in soap foam, resulting in more irregular, organic patterns than foam bubble structures proposed earlier by the scientist Kelvin.[ Using the Weaire–Phelan geometry, the Water Cube's exterior

cladding is made of 4,000 ETFE bubbles, some as large as 9.14 meters (30 feet) across, with seven different sizes for the roof and 15 for the walls.

THE FRACTAL SHAPE FORM OF A ROMANESCO BROCCOLI

The golden ratio is known by a few different names, such as:

The Golden Ratio. The Golden Mean. Phi. The Divine Section. The Golden Section. The Golden

Cut. The Golden Proportion. The Divine Proportion.

Most of all, mathematicians call it

“Phi” (Phidias)

or use the Greek letter

Phi is a proportion that is found throughout nature, art and architecture. If you maintain a ratio of small

elements to larger elements that is the same ratio of larger elements to the whole, then the result is

something that is extraordinarily pleasing to the eye.

It can also be expressed as AB:BC = BC: AC

Beauty and balance can be achieved by using the golden ratio. The ratio is 1:1.618… (it goes on forever)

THE GOLDEN RATIO

THE MOST BEAUTIFUL THING WE CAN EXPERIENCE IS

THE MYSTERIOUS. IT IS THE SOURCE OF ALL TRUE ART

AND SCIENCE.

ALBERT EINSTEIN

COMPUTER-AIDED TECHNOLOGIESCAD COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN

CAD is the use of computer technology for the

design of objects, real or virtual.

CAM COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING

is the use of computer-based software tools that

assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing

or prototyping product components.

ATTRACTORAn attractor is a set to which a dynamical system evolves after a long enough time. That is, points that get close enough to the attractor remain close even if slightly disturbed. Geometrically,

an attractor can be a point, curve, a manifold, or even a complicated set with a fractal structure known as a strange attractor. Describing the attractors of chaotic dynamical systems has

been one of the achievements of chaos theory

http://www.flotsam-uk.net/main.html

FLOTSAM

COMPONENT PRIMITIVES

TAURUS RINGS : CLOSED LOOPS, FIXED ONLY WITH EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS, WITHOUT INTERLOCKING CONNECTIONS

RULE-BASED AGGREGATION, 1ST WORKSHOP_2005, AA SCHOOL

RULES OF AGGREGATION

BIFURCATIONS,HELICAL GROWTH ORIENTATIONS

DEFORM-ROTATE : MASS PRODUCE A MINIMUM OF 50 COMPONENTS,AND BEGIN TO ASSEMBLE A LARGER AGGREGATION

RULES OF VARIATION

SCALE/SIZE & DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION

RXN’S CXN,PARAMETRIC URBANISM, 2006-2007, AA SCHOOLTHEODORE SPYROPOULOS STUDIO_ADAPTIVE ECOLOGIES

EMERGE

COMPUTER-AIDED TECHNOLOGIESCAD COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN

CAD is the use of computer technology for the

design of objects, real or virtual.

CAM COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING

is the use of computer-based software tools that

assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing

or prototyping product components.

FABRICATIONCUTTING

ADDING

MILLING