2.evolution of computers
Post on 14-Apr-2018
226 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
1/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
2/39
In ancient times, people used different mechanical
devices and methods for performing computing
operations
But they are not fast and accurate
Computers were developed to produce accurate
results at a very fast speed
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
3/39
People performed various arithmetic operations such as
addition and subtraction using
Fingers
Stones
Notches in the stick
Knots in a rope
Early computing devices are manually operated but now
completely automated
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
4/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
5/39
A sand table is a device that are arranged stones in three
channels in the sand
Each channel could have a maximum of10 stone
Addition is performed by incrementing the count of right hand
channel by adding one stone in it
When right hand channel reached its maximum capacity,
stones were removed from that channel and one stone was
added to the left hand channel
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
6/39
Fast calculating device
Also known as counting frame
This device is made up of wooden frame consisting of many
wires, with beads sliding on them
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
7/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
8/39
Developed by John Napier in 1614
Specially designed formultiplication and quotient of numbers
Consists of a board whose left edge was divided into 9 squares
These 9 squares hold the numbers from 1 to 9
Consists of 10 rods, which are made up of stripes of ivory
bones
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
9/39
Advantage
Performs fast multiplication
Disadvantage Faster only if one of the multiplicand is single digit
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
10/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
11/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
12/39
To compute 5437 * 6
Computation starts with the right most bone and proceeds
towards the left bones
The last digit in the 6th row of 7th bone is 2
Hence the right most digit of multiplication is 2
After this, add the two adjacent numbers in the same row
forming a parallelogram
Here 8 and 4, which on addition is 12
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
13/39
The next right most digit of the multiplication output is
2
Now it is 22 with a carry 1. Similarly, add the next two adjacent numbers along
with carry 1 to obtain the digit 6
At this stage, we have obtained 622
Proceed like this to obtain 32622
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
14/39
Developed by Edmund Gunter in 1620
Device consists oftwo sets of graduated scales, which
could slide over each other
Developed for performing multiplication, division,
logarithms, trigonometry, roots, etc.
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
15/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
16/39
Developed by Blaise Pascal in 1642
Also known as Numerical Wheel Calculator
Devices contains a set of toothed wheels that could be
operated by hand
Can handle numbers up to 999,999,999
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
17/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
18/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
19/39
Developed by German mathematician, Gottfried
Wilhem Von Leibriz
It was able to perform multiplication and division of
numbers as well as calculations of square root of a
number
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
20/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
21/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
22/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
23/39
Charles Babbage, a professor of mathematics at the
Cambridge University is considered as the father of
modern computers
In 1812, he decided to automate the computers to
perform various functions like polynomial,logarithmic and trigonometric
In 1822, he presented a working of his concept with the
help of automatic mechanical computing machine
known as difference engine
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
24/39
Further he developed an analytical engine which is an
automatic general purpose digital computer
The analytical engine was the first device that used all
the features of a modern digital computer
It includes an input, output, storage, processor and
control unit
It gets input from the user
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
25/39
Advantage
Fully automatic digital computer
Disadvantage
Very slow
It took 3 minutes to multiply two numbers of 20 figures each
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
26/39
Charles Babbage
Differential Engine
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
27/39
Designed by an American Mathematician, Howard Aiken
in 1937 and completed in 1944
Advantage
Perform multiplication of two numbers of 20 figures each in just 6
seconds
Disadvantage
Prints one results in 5 seconds
Very noisy and large in size
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
28/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
29/39
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
30/39
Developed by British mathematician, Alan Mathison
in 1944
It is the first pure electronic digital programmablecomputer
It used vacuum tube technology to perform some
specific functions
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
31/39
Electronic Numerical Integrator AndCalculator
General purpose electronic digital computerdeveloped by Moore school of Engineering of
university Pennyslvania by John Eckert, JohnMauchly and their team in 1946
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
32/39
Uses vacuum tubes in constructing basic circuits
Includes all features and components of a modern
digital computer
The internal hardware structure includes 17468 vacuum
tubes, 1500 relays, 70000 registers, 7200 crystal diodes
and 10,000 capacitors
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
33/39
Operates 1000 times more speed than MARK I
Also performs some advanced operations such as
separating the sign of a number, comparing two
numbers whether they are equal or not
Used decimal numbers system for representing and
processing values
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
34/39
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
Used binary numbers system for representing and
processing values
Developed in 1949, by John Mauchly and John Eckertt
Worked on the principle of stored program
Considers the programs and data stored in the memory as a
strings of binary numbers
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
35/39
Hardware components include
Magnetic tapes
Control unit
Dispatcher unit
Processor timer
Dual memory
Three memory tasks to hold a single word
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
36/39
Electronic Storage Automatic Calculator
A British electronic computer developed by Maurice
Wilkes and his team in Cambridge University,
mathematical laboratory in 1949
Used vacuum tube technology in constructing the basic
logic circuits and mercury delay lines for constructing the
memory of a computer
Carry out 650 instructions per second
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
37/39
Uses punched card as input unit and teleprinter as
output unit
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
38/39
Universal Automatic Computer
In 1951, a company of John Eckertt and John Mauchly invented first
commercial computer
Used 5200 vacuum tubes for constructing basic logic circuits
Mercury data lines used to construct memory for storing data and programs
Able to process both numbers and alphabetic characters efficiently
Provide separate processes for handling i/o processing functions
-
7/30/2019 2.Evolution of Computers
39/39
top related