3-6: the jacksonian era - coach jacobson's classes · 2018-09-01 · 3-6: the jacksonian era...
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3-6: The Jacksonian Era1824-1840
Some Weird Political Cartoons!
Election of 1824
All Democratic-Republicans
Sectional Candidates
North: John Q. Adams
South: William H. Crawford
West: Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay
Results
Jackson—plurality of popular vote
No majority of electoral votes
Corrupt Bargain
Clay (Speaker of House) convinces
Congress to swing votes toward Adams
in exchange for job as Secretary of State
Adams Administration, 1825-1829
Dissolution of Democratic-Republican Party
End of “Era of Good Feelings”
New two-party system imminent
Adams—National Republican
Jackson—Democrat
Key Issues
Internal Improvements
Native American affairs
All debate sectional
Election of 1828
Issue—American System
Candidates
Andrew Jackson (wins S, W)
John Q. Adams (wins N)
Universal Manhood Suffrage
No caucus
Nominating conventions
“Era of the Common Man”
Jacksonian Democracy
Belief in the Common Man
Expansion of Suffrage
Rotation in Office
Opposition to “career bureaucrats”
Support for patronage
Placing political supporters in office
Spoils System
“To the victors go the spoils”
Increase loyalty to president
Second Party System
Democratic Party
Led by Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren
Supporters—small farmers, urban workers
Favored states’ rights and opportunity for all
Similar to Jeffersonian Republicans
Whig Party
Led by Henry Clay, John Q. Adams, Daniel Webster
Supporters—bankers, merchants, manufacturers, large landowners
Pro-business, regulated by a strong national government (2nd B.U.S.)
Similar to Federalists
Jackson as President
The Veto
More vetoes than all previous
presidents combined
Even if Constitutional, but bad policy
Veto threat increases power over Congress
Maysville Road—opposition
to internal improvements
“King Andrew”
Jackson as President
Nullification Crisis
Tariff of Abominations (1828)
Doctrine of Nullification—John C. Calhoun
Based on KY & VA Resolves
Webster-Hayne Debate
Begins with land sales, moves to states’ rights
Concludes with Daniel Webster (W): “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable”
Jackson as President
Nullification Crisis
Threat of Secession
SC nullifies the tariff
Threatens to leave if federal
government attempted to collect payment
Force Bill
Jackson will enforce law with military force
Compromise Tariff
Restored rates to 1816 levels
SC withdraws original nullification, nullifies Force Bill
Jackson as President
Native American Policy
Indian Removal Act
Worcester v. Georgia
Upheld rights to tribal land
Trail of Tears
Jackson as President
Bank War
Jackson vetoed re-charter of B.U.S.
Viewed as tool to oppress poor
Foreclosures
Restricted issuance of paper money
Rivalry with bank president
Jackson removed deposits
Placed in state “pet banks”
Jackson as President
Bank War
Result
Expansion of credit and speculation
State “wildcat banks” issued own currency
Vast borrowing and spending—inflation
Specie Circular—gold/silver required for land purchases
Strengthening of Whig Party
Van Buren Administration, 1837-1841
Election of 1836
Van Buren (D) defeats 3 Whig candidates
Panic of 1837
Foreign loans called in
No national bank
No gold reserves (Specie Circular)
Bank failures
Independent Treasury System
Election of 1840
Harrison (W): Log Cabin/Hard Cider Campaign
First Whig Presidential Victory
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