3.1 what is decontamination - copie.pdf

DECONTAMINATIONDECONTAMINATION

DecontaminationDecontamination

• History

• General principles

Diff l f h • Different roles of the partners in victims’coveragein victims coverage

DecontaminationDecontamination

• History

• General principles

Diff l f h • Different roles of the partners in victims’coveragein victims coverage

HistoryHistory

3 hi t i l E t• 3 historical EventsBhopal India 1984• Bhopal – India 1984

• Goiania – Brazil 1984• Goiania Brazil 1984• Tokyo – Japan 1995y J p

• Increase of the threat• AQ• Irak

Bhopal - IndiaBhopal India

• North central India •0,9 Mon Inhabitants in 1984

l l• Juncture of several railways

Bhopal - IndiaBhopal India

• Union Carbide• Built and operate the pesticide

l t i 1969plant, since 1969From 1979 began to product its •From 1979, began to product its

own methyl iso-cyanideown methyl iso cyanide

Bhopal - IndiaBhopal India

At i ht D b 23 1984• At night on December 23, 1984R l f 40 t f HCN d • Release of 40 tons of HCN and

methyl iso-cyanidemethyl iso cyanide• Cloud: 40sq km areaCloud: 40sq km area• 500000 exposed, 6000 dead the p ,first week

Bhopal - IndiaBhopal India

Goiania - BrazilGoiania Brazil

D li i f ld li i 1984• Demolition of an old clinic, 1984C i d f th• Cesium used for cancer therapyP till f lt f ium• Pastilles of salts of cesium

spread by scavangersspread by scavangers• 250 exposed, 104 internal250 exposed, 104 internalcontamination, 28 with signs ofradiation sickness, 4 fatalities

Goiania - BrazilGoiania Brazil

P i f b i d• Portions of town buried asradioactive wasteradioactive waste• Widespread panic: people who• Widespread panic: people whowant to be controlled• 113000 people in a stadium, 120p ppositive

Tokyo - JapanTokyo Japan

T i t tt k b A S t• Terrorist attacks by Aum Sect

Boxes of Sarin gas in the subway• Boxes of Sarin gas in the subway

• > 5500 casualties 12 fatalities • > 5500 casualties, 12 fatalities, contaminated hospital departmentsp p

Increase of the threatsIncrease of the threats

• Al-Qaïda

• Attacks of chlorine wagons in Irak

• Traffics of radiological substances

DecontaminationDecontamination

• History

• General principles

Diff l f h • Different roles of the partners in victims’ coveragein victims coverage

’ YOUYOUIT’S YOUYOU TO PLAY !4 - 4 groups1 of each group to report- 1 of each group to report

You’re one of the 1st responders,specialized in decontamination

SituationSituationYou’re now known to have followed aYou re now known to have followed aCBRN training course. So, you areg , yTHE ONE WHO KNOWS.You arrive onsite 30mn after the eventoccurredoccurred.

• And so what?And so what?And so what?And so what?15’ discussion15’ discussion

Questions?Questions?

• Decon or not ?

h f d ?• Why, if decon ?

• How ?• How ?

DefinitionDefinition

R f t th th t d th• Refers to the means that reduce thehazard of a contaminanthazard of a contaminant• 2 basic methods:

• Physical removal (mechanical action withtechniques such as gentle friction, blotting andtechniques such as gentle friction, blotting andwashing)• Neutralization (methods and/or materials to• Neutralization (methods and/or materials tocounteract the harmful effects of the contaminant)

PurposesPurposes

R i th t f th i ti ’ ki• Removing the agent from the victim’s skinand clothing, thus reducing further agentg g gexposure and physical effects;

P t ti d di l• Protecting emergency responders, medicalstaff and others from secondary transferyexposures;

f d• Preventing victims from spreadingcontamination over additional areascontamination over additional areas

Stages of decontaminationStages of decontaminationE d t i tiEmergency decontaminationBy 1st respondersDry decontamination (ab/adsorption with Ground of Foulon,y deco ta at o (ab/adso pt o w t G ou d o ou o ,absorbing products)Removal of the superficial coats and shoes

ff 00%% 8080%% ff h lh l dd► fromfrom 7070%% toto 8080%% ofof physicalphysical contaminationcontamination removedremovedNew clothes (pyjamas – survival covers)

Detailed decontamination “Wet”Not systematic, depend of the contaminantUsing specific modules or local structures (swimming pools,stadiums)

Basic synthesis

Questions?Questions?

The chief of operation ask you top yorganize the “chemical sector”Suggest a simple organization to offerthe best response for decontaminationthe best response for decontamination

15’ discussion15’ discussion

Chronology - 1Chronology 1

Chronology - 1Chronology 1

DecontaminationDecontamination

• History

• General principles

Diff l f h • Different roles of the partners in victims’ coveragein victims coverage

Different roles of the partners

Fi iFire rescue serviceCommand and control the global organization, according to thepolitical decisionspDetect so as to perform a safety assessment and attempt to identifysigns/symtoms of exposureE acuate the ictims to the assembly point of the ictimsEvacuate the victims to the assembly point of the victimsSet up and conduct the decontamination process

Health servicesTriage of the casualties1st medical assistanceMonitoring victims during decontamination processConduct the contamination process at the entrances of theConduct the contamination process at the entrances of thehospitals, if equipped

Different roles of the partners

P liPoliceNotify and informInsure the law and ordersu e t e aw a d o de

Perimeter of isolationMaintenance of orderProtection of people and goodsConservation of cluesRoad traffic and parking zonesRoad traffic and parking zones

Lead the judicial investigation

ConclusionsConclusionsRemoving clothes is the most critical step in mass• Removing clothes is the most critical step in mass

decontamination = less contaminant in contact

• Do not delay removal of clothes or application of ahigh-volume, low pressure water shower to set uptents additional equipment or to create a soap-watersolution = gain delays

• Conduct decontamination triage prior toadministering a shower = reduce the number ofadministering a shower reduce the number ofvictims to shower

ConclusionsConclusionsRubbing should start with the head and proceed• Rubbing should start with the head and proceed

down the body to the feet = preserve vital functions(breathe head)(breathe, head)

• Victim observation area will be used to monitorvictims for signs of delayed symptoms or evidenceof residual contamination = delayed effects

• Perform secondary decontamination if necessary =use local structures and/or specific structuresuse local structures and/or specific structures

QUESTIONS ?