3d printing - from mass production to customized on demand production

3D Printing From Mass Production to Customized

“on demand” Production

Raphael Moisa, CEO

IBEX Technologies ltd.

Printing Process

• Printing is a process for reproducing text and

images, typically with ink on paper using a print

press.

Dot matrix

Ink Jet

Laser

• Guttenberg’s printing press.

• Invented in 15th century.

• Used molds made of brass.

First Printing Press

First Industrial Revolution

The “first industrial revolution” began in Britain in the

late 18th century, with the mechanisation of the textile

industry.

Source:

http://www.kish.in/the_industrial_revolution

Second Industrial Revolution

The “second industrial revolution” came in the early 20th

century, when Henry Ford mastered the moving assembly

line and ushered in the age of mass production.

Source:

http://silodrome.com/ford-model-t-assembly-line

Second Industrial Revolution

Henry Ford’s remark on the Model T, 1909

“Any Customer can have a car painted any

colour that he wants so long as it is black”

Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is black.

Remark about the Model T in 1909, published in his autobiography My Life and Work (1922) Chapter IV, p. 71;

this has often become presented in paraphrased forms such as: "You can have any colour as long as it's black."

Third Industrial Revolution

The “third industrial revolution” is under way and that

consists of manufacturing “going digital.”

Going from Mass Production Customized Production.

Third Industrial Revolution

The “third industrial revolution” is under way and that

consists of manufacturing “going digital.”

Going from Mass Production Customized Production.

Terminology

• Rapid prototyping - is a group of techniques used to quickly

fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using

three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) data.

• Additive manufacturing - refers to technologies that create

objects through sequential layering.

• Subtractive processes - removal of material by methods such as

cutting or drilling.

• Creates a product by removing sections from a block of material.

• Generates waste through the excess material that is removed.

• Limited design capabilities.

Subtractive vs. Additive

A method of Subtractive Manufacturing that removes

sections from a block of material by cutting or drilling

the excess material away.

Computerized Numerical Control

Machining (CNC)

• Creates a product through adding materials to the object.

• Adds material layer by layer until printing is finished.

• Allows for complex and intricate designs.

Additive Manufacturing

A method of Additive Manufacturing that transforms a 3D

model data to a solid object by adding material layer by

layer process.

What is 3D Printing

3D Printing History

1984 - Charles (Chuck) Hull developed the first 3D printer and

named the technique as Stereo lithography.

By the end of 1980s - other similar technologies such as Fused

Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

were introduced.

1996 - three major new products were introduced by Stratasys,

3D Systems and Z Corporation.

2005 - Z Corp launched first high definition color 3D printer.

Different Methods / Technologies

• Stereolithography

• Selective laser sintering (SLS)

• Fused deposition modeling (FDM)

• Laminated object manufacturing

An additive manufacturing

process using a vat of liquid

UV-curable

photopolymer ”resin” and a

UV laser to build parts a layer

at a time.

Stereo Lithography

SLS - an additive

manufacturing technique

that uses a high power

laser to fuse small

particles of plastic, metal

(direct metal laser

sintering), ceramic or

glass powders into a mass

that has a desired 3-

dimensional shape.

SLS – Selective Laser Sintering

FDM – Fused Deposition Modeling

Laminated Object Manufacturing

1. Foil supply

2. Heated roller

3. Laser beam

4. Scanning prism

5. Laser unit

6. Layers

7. Moving platform

8. Waste

Technique

Applications

Automotive & Aviation

Architecture & Building

Electronics

• FDM Print with “Conductive Plastic Filament”

• Consist of graphite

• Print electronic circuit directly

inside the structure

• In future, PCBs (2D circuit)

may replaced by 3D circuit

Food Printing

Medical Application

Wearable / Jewelry

Challenges Facing 3D Printing

• Intellectual property rights of the 3D Printer users.

• Nearly anything can be printed by 3D Printers and this is a

troubling prospect if criminals use 3D Printers to create

illegal products.

Future

• Intellectual property rights of the 3D Printer users.

• Future applications for 3D printing might include creating open-

source scientific equipment to create open source labs.

• Science-based applications like reconstructing fossils in

paleontology.

• Replicating ancient and priceless artifacts in archaeology.

• Reconstructing bones and body parts in forensic pathology.

• Space exploration - making spare parts on the fly, cheaper and

more efficient space exploration.

•

In Conclusion

• 3D printing technology can significantly change and improve the

way we manufacture products and produce goods worldwide.

• If the last industrial revolution brought us mass production and

the advent of economies of scale - the digital 3D printing

revolution could bring mass manufacturing back a full circle - to

an era of mass personalization, and a return to individual

craftsmanship.

What about 4D printing ?

The Future can not be predicted,

but it can be made !