3d underwater scene
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3D Underwater Scene
14 May 2010
In this tutorial we’re going tocreate an underwater scene in 3ds Max. We’re going to create a deep blue sea with lightrays and bubbles. Creating convincing underwater scene is a challenging task and I’m not
even trying to create a physically accurate simulation. Rather I’m using my artistic
freedom to neglect some real world rules to get the look and feel I’m going for.
Step 1 Mental Ray Renderer
We’re going to render our 3d underwater scene with the Mental Ray. By default 3ds Max
uses the Scanline renderer so we have to change that. Change the renderer to Mental Ray( Rendering > Render Setup… > Common tab > Assign Renderer > Production > MentalRay Renderer ).
Step 2 The Basic Geometry for the 3D Water
Create a plane ( Create panel > Geometry > Standard Primitives > Plane ) in the top
viewport . Modify the plane ( Make a selection > Modify panel ) according to thefollowing parameters :
•
Length: 1000• Width: 500
• Length Segs: 200
• Width Segs: 200
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( We need a dense (80k faces) mesh because we’re going to deform it with the displace
modifier. )
Step 3 Water Surface with the Displace Modifier
Add Displace modifier to the plane ( Make a selection > Modify panel > Modifier List >Object-Space Modifiers > Displace ) and apply the following parameters:
• Displacement
o Strength: 17
• Image
o Map: Noise
Open Material Editor ( Rendering > Material Editor > Compact Material Editor ). Dragand drop the Noise map from the Displace modifier into a material slot in Material Editor
and select ‘instance’ when asked. Apply the following parameters to the Noise map:
• Noise Parameters
o Noise Type: Turbulence
o Levels: 10
o Size: 300
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Step 4 Water Material
Now the water geometry is complete so let’s apply a material to it. Open Material Editor
( Press M in keyboard ), click on the second material slot, and create the material:
1. Click “Get Material” button and select ( doubleclick ) ‘Arch & Design (mi)’ from
the list.
2. Select the water plane and assign the material to it.3. Select template from the drop-down list: Water, Reflective Surface4. Transparency: 1,0
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In the material settings, go to the ‘Advanced Rendering Options’ rollout and set thefollowing parameter:
• Advanced Trasparency Options
o Glass / Translucency treat objects as…: Thin-walled (can use single faces)
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Finally we’re going to change the bump map settings to get smaller and steeper waves. In
material settings, go the ‘Special Purpose Maps’, click on the Ocean shader, and apply
the following parameters:
• Largest: 100
•
Smallest: 1• Quantity: 20
• Steepness: 5
Step 5 The Environment for Underwater Scene
Since we have highly reflective and refractive material we desperately need effectiveenvironment as well. Without environment, the rendered water surface would just appear
black. Next we’re going to cheat in 3ds Max. We’re going to create a highly unrealistic
environment. However, it just happens to produce the kind of reflections and refractionsI’m going for. So let’s create the environment. Go to the environment settings (
Rendering > Environment… ) and apply the following parameters:
• Background
o Use Map: YES
o Environment Map: Gradient Ramp
Open Material Editor ( press M in keyboard ). Drag and drop the Gradient Ramp map
from the background settings into a material slot in Material Editor and select ‘instance’when asked. Apply the following parameters to the Gradient Ramp map:
• Coordinates rollout
o Mapping: Spherical Environment
• Gradient Ramp Parameters rollouto Flag #1: Color: RGB 0, 16, 67 Position: 0
o
Flag #2: Color: RGB 189, 225, 240 Position: 100o ( delete the middle Flag by right-clicking and selecting ‘delete’ from the
menu )
o Noise
Amount: 1 Type: Fractal
Size: 2
Levels: 10
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• Output rollout
o Output Amount: 3
Step 8 Prepare the 3D Underwater Scene for Rendering
Let’s prepare our underwater scene for the first rendering. Create a Target camera (
Create panel > Cameras > Target ) in the top viewport. Right-click on the Perspectiveview and press C in the keyboard to change it to the Camera view. Create ‘mr Area Spot’
( Create panel > Lights > Standard > mr Area Spot ) in the front viewport. Move thecamera and spotlight around to get something like the picture below.
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Apply the following parameters to the area spotlight ( Make a selection > Modify panel ):
• General Parameterso Shadows: OFF
• Intensity/Color/Attenuation
o Multiplier: 2
Now it’s a good time to make a test render to see how the water looks like.
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Some kind of watery effect but it doesn’t look much like an underwater scene yet. Let’s
add Fog to make all the difference.
Step 9 Underwater Fog
Go to the Atmosphere settings ( Rendering > Environment… > Atmosphere ) and add the
Fog:
1. Click ‘Add…’ button, select ‘Fog’ from the list and click ‘OK’.
2. Use Map: YES3. Environment Color Map: Gradient Ramp
4. Open Material Editor ( Press M in keyboard ). Drag and drop the Gradient Ramp
map from the Fog settings into a material slot in the Material Editor and select‘instance’ when asked.
5. Mapping: Screen
6. Angle W: 907. Flag #1: Color: RGB 0, 11, 45 Position: 0
8. Flag #2: Color: RGB 70, 144, 255 Position: 100( delete the middle Flag by right-
clicking and selecting ‘delete’ from the menu )
9. Output Amount: 1,5
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Before we render, let’s adjust environment ranges. Select the camera, go to the modify
panel, and apply the following settings:
• Parameters
o Environment Ranges
Show: YES Near Range: 200 Far Range: 810
Now we see the environment range in the viewport. It’s the area between beige and
brown line. The fog will appear between these lines. By default the density of the fog is
0% at near range and 100% at far range. Adjust the values or camera position if necessary.
Render the scene and you should get something like the picture below. Fog works well in
underwater scenes. This time it serves two purposes. It fades the water edge to the
background and creates the nice blue gradient color.
You could also try different camera angles to get different kind of water surface.
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Step 10 Underwater Light Rays
And of course we’re going to create some light rays to enhance the mood of our underwater scene. Go back to the Atmosphere settings ( Rendering > Environment… >
Atmosphere ) and add Volume light effect:
1. Click ‘Add…’ button, select ‘Volume Light’ from the list and click ‘OK’.
2. Click ‘Pick Light’ and click on the area spot we created earlier 3. Density: 7
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If you are not familiar with volume lights, I suggest you render now to see how the effectlooks by default (so far we’ve just increased the density a little). The next step is going tohave a dramatic effect to the volume light. We’re going to use projector map to block
most of the light and to use attenuation to fade the light to the background. Select the area
spot, go to the modify panel and apply the following parameters:
• Intensity/Color/Attenuation
o Color: RGB 32, 137, 255
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o Far Attenuation
Use: YES ( Now you can see the attenuation ranges appearing as
lens-shaped sections of the cone ) Start: 430 ( Sets the distance at which the light begins to fade out. )
End: 650 ( Sets the distance at which the light has faded to zero. )
•
Advanced Effectso
Projector Map
Map: Noise
Open Material Editor ( Press M in keyboard ), drag and drop the Noise map from the projector map slot into a material slot in the Material Editor, and select ‘instance’ when
asked. Apply the following parameters to the Noise map:
• Coordinates
o Source: Explicit Map Channel
•
Noise Parameterso Noise Type: Turbulence
o Levels: 10
o Size: 0,05
o Low: 0,35 ( Decrease this if you need more rays and increase this if you
need less rays. )
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Render your underwater scene to see the light rays.
Step 11 Underwater Bubbles
Our unrealistic environment might not be perfect for underwater bubbles but let’s see
how they look anyway. Create a particle cloud in the left viewport ( Create panel >
Geometry > Particle Systems > PCloud ). Select the particle cloud, go to the modify
panel and apply the following settings:
• Basic Parameters
o Display Icon
Rad/len: 230 Width: 700
Height: 480
• Particle Generation
o Particle Quantity
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Use total: 1000
o Particle Timing
Emit Start: -10o Particle Size
Particle Size: 1,5
Variation: 100 Grow for: 0
Fade for: 0
• Particle Typeo Standard Particles: Sphere
Place the particle cloud so that it fills the view underwater. ( You can also change the size
of the emitter if necessary. )
As a final thing we’re going to use a glass material for the bubbles. Press M in keyboardto open the Material editor, select a material slot, and create the material:
1. Click ‘Get Material’ button and select ( doubleclick ) ‘Arch & Design (mi)’ from
the list.
2. Select the particle cloud and assign the material to it.3. Select template from the drop-down list: Glass (Solid Geometry).
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Render the scene to see the bubbles. Some bubbles look ok while some look too bright.Furthermore, these bubbles are perfect spheres so they are not really realistic as
underwater bubbles, but at least they are fast and easy to create!
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Step 12 The Final Render of the 3D Underwater Scene
If you look closely you’ll see some jagged edges in the bubbles. Let’s adjust the samplingsettings to get a more polished render. Go to the render setup and increase antialiasing
quality by increasing Mental Ray’s sampling values ( Rendering > Render setup… >
Renderer > Sampling Quality ):
• Samples per pixelo
Minimum: 4o Maximum: 64
• Filter o Type: Mitchell ( For most scenes the Mitchell filter gives the best results. )
Beware, rendering time might be an issue with all these effects and sampling settings
(about 1½h with quad core 2,33GHz Q8200). Render your scene to see the final image. Idid some adjusting in Photoshop as well:
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• Contrast: +80
• I removed a few overly bright bubbles from the lower left corner
That’s it. Happy rendering!
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