4.linking sounds

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Bài 4: Linking Sounds

Words are not always pronounced the same! In normal fluent speech the sounds can change when words bump into each other. The changes usually happen at the word boundaries, particularly at the end of words.

Connected Speech/ linking sounds:

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Consonant to vowel linking

When one word ends with a consonant sound and the next word begins with a vowel sound there is a smooth link between the two. In these examples the link is shown in red joining the linked words. These examples also show where the weak form schwa would be pronounced.

an egg/ə/

A fried egg/ə/

/ə/ /ə/A box of eggs

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Vowel to vowel linkingWhen one word ends with a vowel sound and the next word begins with a vowel, another sound, a /w/ or /j/ can be added depending on the particular sounds to make a smooth transition. In these examples the link is shown in red along with the phonemic symbol for the sound which is added to make the link smooth.

eggs

eggs

Two

Three

/w/

/j/

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Linking 'r'Those British speakers who don't pronounce final 'r' will reintroduce it when the next word begins with a vowel.ca(r) (no r in pronunciation)

The car is here

(r is pronounced and links to the following word)

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Sounds twinning (germination)

When a word ends in a consonant sound and the following word begins with the same consonant sound, we don't pronounce two sounds - both sounds are pronounced together as one.

I'm a bit tired

We have a lot to do

Tell me what to say

She's slept for three hours

I've finished

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Sounds disappear (elision)

When the sounds /t/ or

/d/ occur between two

consonant sounds, they

will often disappear

completely from the

pronunciation.

I'm going nex(t) week

That was the wors(t) job I ever had!

Jus(t) one person came to the party!

I can'(t) swim.

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Contracted form and Linking Sounds

SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL

I will I’ll/ ail/: I’ll be on the aisle

We will We‘ll/wil/: You will You‘ll/jul/: She will She‘ll/ Sil/: He will He‘ll/ hil/: It will it‘ll/itl/: They will they‘ll/∂eil/:

TO BE + SUBJECT:

Is she

Is he

Is it

Are you

Am I

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Contracted Form and Linking Sounds

SUBJECT + BE

I am I’m WE are We’re YOU are You’reTHEY are They’re SHE is She’s HE is He’s IT is It’s

DOES + SHE/HE/IT

Does sheDoes heDoes itDo you = d’you/dju/Did you

Would you. Would you like some tea?Did you. Did you see it?Do you. Do you want to get a cuppa?

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Contracted Form and Linking Sounds

SUBJECT + BE (2)

Those areThese areThis is That isthat’sThere is there’sThere are there’reWhat is what’s

HAVE+YOU/ I and HAS + SHE/HE/IT

Has she = hasheHas he = haseeHas it = hasitCan I - could ICan you - could you

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Contracted Form and Linking Sounds

Modal verbs + NOT

Is not – isn’tAre not – aren’tWas not – wasn’tWere not – weren’tDo not – don’t Does not – doesn’tDid not – didn’t

Haven’t Hasn’t Couldn’t Can’t Mustn’t Shouldn’t Won’t

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Linking Sound Practice

William- is sick She is- eating- an- apple

I wonder -if he is home This -is for- Andy

Where –is- Idania? When will -Alice call?

Please don’t -interupt The backpack- is red

The soldier was- injured Jania has -a black jacket

Lynn- is –in- India The class -answerd twenty question

You may sit -in the seat That was- a good -answer

What- if -I forget? We all laughed -at the joke

When- is the concert? This -afternoon we had -a test

Let’s call- it- a day Is -Ann -a good dancer?

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Linking Sound Practice

Our- office- is -openShe is a teacher

My boss- is- awayThese are nice plant

Ron’s socks- are blueDid he call me?

Paul bought -a new CDPut the milk in the tea

Don’t talk- on the phoneThis honey is sweet

Donna thought- about -itHe feels sick

John- also play soccerIs the king crazy?

It -is hot- in- AugustPlease meet him at the university

The dog walked- on the beachWe like to eat dinner by six o’clock

What’s- on TV tonight?That was easy