500 years of ladino lit
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500 Years of Ladino Literature
an overview
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Overview
What is Ladino? Sephardic languages Pre-1492 Ottoman diaspora
Conversos and Western Diaspora Modernity USA
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What is Ladino?
Castilian (ca. 1492) Hebrew Turkish, Arabic, French, Slavic, etc. French influence: Alliance Isralite
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Sephardic languages
Hebrew Ladino Diasporic languages Question of relative prestige
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Pre-1492
Was there a Jewish Spanish beforeexpulsion?
Literary or liturgic ladino Context: how is the language used? Calque: Hebrew meaning, Castilian
words
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Coplas de la muerte (16th c.)
Couplets on the Death of his father Jorge Manrique (ca. 1440-1479) Included in manuscript with
philosophical and religious texts Manscript from Salonika
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Coplas de la muerte
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Recuerde el alma dormida,avive el seso y despiertecontemplando
cmo se pasa la vida,cmo se viene la muertetan callando;cun presto se va el placer,cmo despus de acordado
da dolor,cmo a nuestro parescer cualquiera tiempo pasadofue mejor.
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Ottoman diaspora
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Ottoman diaspora
Sultan Bayazid II to Ferdinand Jewish press 1493 > Salonika
Majority Jewish Concentration of merchants Over 40 synagogues (turn of 20th c)
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Seder Nashim (Salonika,
1550) Prayer book for women Preceded by handwritten version from
Spain Prayers and hand-washing times for all
days of the year
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Seder Nasim
Es sidur de mugeres en Ladino paratodo el anyo con su orden deberakhot al fin. Y el orden del lavarde las manos y otros muchos dinim los que vienen a propsito en
cada...
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Dialoghi de amore (1568)
Most important philosophical text of itstime
First published in Italian Original language? Dialogues between Philo and Sophia on
nature of love
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Venice edition inRomancharacters
1568
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Sabbateanism and the
Donmeh Shabbeti Tzvi (1626-1676) False messiah Converts to Islam Donmeh sect of Islamic messianic Jews
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Tzvi and Ladino
Lingua franca in Turkish Jewry Avid singer of romansas (ballads) Kabalistic interpretation of Ladino love
songs
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Romansa de Meliselda
(17th c.) Traditional Spanish ballad
Melisenda/Meliselda
Extremely popular in 16th centurycollections of ballads printed in Spain
Used in Donmeh liturgy
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This night my cavaliersI slept with a maidenwhose equal I have never metin the best years of my life.Meliselda is her name,Meliselda elegant and beautifulalong the course of a river
and the slope of a hillI met Meliselda,daughter of the Emperor who came to bathe herself in the waters of the seato bathe herself and refresh
herself,
and to change her garment.Thus she brings her body
pure as snow
with her rosy face,like milk and blood;her russet hair
like threads of goldher gleaming forehead
like a mirror;her nose upliftedlike the quill of a scribe;her red lips,like the coral;
and her little teeth,like pearls.
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Biblia de Ferrara (1533)
Vernacular translation of Tanakh Prepared for Italian and other
Sephardim educated in Spanish,Portuguese, or Latin
Derived authority from high level of Spanish
Roman characters
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Isaac (Fernando) Cardoso
1603 (Portugal) - 1683 (Italy) University at Salamanca
Court Physician to Phillip IV Emigrated to Italy Anti-Kabbalist
Brother Abraham Miguel Cardoso, major Sabbatean and Kabbalist
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Las Excelencias de los
Hebreos 1679 History of Jewish people Catalog of outstanding traits Refutation of common calumnies
against Jews Spanish or Ladino?
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Zohar in Ladino (1876)
Vernacular translations of selections of the Zohar
Ottoman diaspora (Belgrade, Smyrna,etc)
Trans. Avraham Fintsi
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Election of letter to begin
creationPara el prinsipiyo entro la letra de [taf] al prinsipiyo dio: soy delmundo, gustas por krear kon mi elmundo ke leo su letra del seyo tuyoke es [emet] konviene a el reypor enpesar kon [emet] y por krear kon mi el mundo.
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La brigante (Jerusalem, 1911)
Modern novels adapted in Ladino serialization in Ladino press French influence
Alliance schools Many novels originally French
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Bella Starr
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USA
Major emigration following mandatoryconscription in Turkey (1909)
Important centers in New York Seattle Los Angeles
Active Ladino press in NY (1918-1944)
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La vara (1922)
Published in NY (1922-1948) Editorial offices on Rivington St. in L.E.
Side
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