6 may 2002 next generation abilene and advanced national & regional infrastructure cenic 2002...
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6 May 2002
Next Generation Abilene and Advanced National & Regional InfrastructureNext Generation Abilene and Advanced National & Regional Infrastructure
CENIC 2002
San Diego
CENIC 2002
San Diego
6 May 2002 2
Key topics
Abilene Network upgrade
Quilt Project
Optical networking progress
6 May 2002 3
Abilene background & milestones
Abilene is a UCAID project in partnership with• Qwest Communications (SONET & DWDM service)• Cisco Systems (routers, switches & access)• Juniper Networks (routers)• Nortel Networks (SONET kit)• Indiana University (network operations)• ITECs in North Carolina and Ohio (test and evaluation)
Timeline• Apr 1998: Project announced at White House• Jan 1999: Production status for network• Oct 1999: IP version of HDTV (215 Mbps) over Abilene• Nov 2001: Raw HDTV/IP (1.5 Gbps) over Abilene
6 May 2002 4
Abilene – May, 2002
IP-over-SONET backbone (OC-48c, 2.5 Gbps) 53 direct connections
• 4 OC-48c connections • 1 Gigabit Ethernet trial • 23 will connect via at least OC-12c (622 Mbps) by 1Q02• Number of ATM connections decreasing
215 participants – research universities & labs• All 50 states, District of Columbia, & Puerto Rico• 15 regional GigaPoPs support ~70% of participants
Expanded access• 50 sponsored participants
– New: Smithsonian Institution, Arecibo Radio Telescope
• 23 state education networks (SEGPs)
6 May 2002 5
6 May 2002 6
Abilene international connectivity
Transoceanic R&E bandwidths growing!• GÉANT – 5 Gbps between Europe and New York City now
Key international exchange points facilitated by Internet2 membership and the U.S. scientific community
• STARTAP & STAR LIGHT – Chicago (GigE)• AMPATH – Miami (OC-3c OC-12c)• Pacific Wave – Seattle (GigE)• MAN LAN - New York City (GigE/10GigE EP soon)• CA*NET3/4: Seattle, Chicago, and New York• CUDI: CENIC and Univ. of Texas at El Paso
International transit service• Collaboration with CA*NET3 and STARTAP
6 May 2002 7
Packetized raw High Definition Television (HDTV)
Raw HDTV/IP – single UDP flow of 1.5 Gbps• Project of USC/ISIe, Tektronix, & U. of Wash (DARPA) • 6 Jan 2002: Seattle to Washington DC via Abilene
–Single flow utilized 60% of backbone bandwidth• 18 hours: no packets lost, 15 resequencing episodes• End-to-end network performance (includes P/NW & MAX
GigaPoPs)– Loss: <0.8 ppb (90% c.l.)– Reordering: 5 ppb
• Transcontinental 1-Gbps TCP requires loss of
– <30 ppb (1.5 KB frames)– <1 ppm (9KB jumbo)
6 May 2002 8
End-to-End Performance:‘High bandwidth is not enough’
Bulk TCP flows (transfers > 10 Mbytes) • Current median flow rate over Abilene: 1.9 Mbps
–95th percentile: 7.0 Mbps
6 May 2002 9
Future of Abilene
Original UCAID/Qwest agreement amended on October 1, 2001
Extension of for another 5 years – until October, 2006
• Originally expired March, 2003
Upgrade of Abilene backbone to optical transport capability - ’s (unprotected)
• x4 increase in the core backbone bandwidth–OC-48c SONET (2.5 Gbps) to 10-Gbps DWDM
6 May 2002 10
Key aspects of next generation Abilene backbone - I
Native IPv6• Motivations
– Resolving IPv4 address exhaustion issues
– Preservation of the original End-to-End Architecture model• p2p collaboration tools, reverse trend to CO-centrism
– International collaboration
– Router and host OS capabilities
• Run natively - concurrent with IPv4• Replicate multicast deployment strategy• Close collaboration with Internet2 IPv6 Working Group on
regional and campus v6 rollout– Addressing architecture
6 May 2002 11
Key aspects of next generation Abilene backbone - II
Addition of new measurement capabilities• Enhance active probing (Surveyor)
– Latency & jitter, loss, TCP throughput
• Add passive measurement• Support for computer science research – “Abilene Observatories”
– archive/measurement/experiment• Support of Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative
– Intermediate performance beacons
Network resiliency• Abilene ’s will not be protected like SONET• Increasing use of videoconferencing/VoIP impose tighter
restoration requirements (<100 ms)• Options:
– MPLS/TE fast reroute (initially)– IP-based IGP fast convergence (preferable)
6 May 2002 13
Next generation router selection
Extensive router specification and test plan developed
• Team effort: UCAID staff, NOC, NC and Ohio ITECs• Discussions with four router vendors
Tests focused on next gen advanced services• High performance TCP/IP throughput • High performance multicast• IPv6 functionality & throughput• Classification for QoS and measurement
3 router platforms tested & commercial ISPs referenced
New Juniper T640 platform selected
6 May 2002 14
Two leading national initiatives in the U.S.
Next Generation Abilene• Advanced Internet backbone
– connects entire campus networks of the research universities
• 10 Gbps nationally
TeraGrid• Virtual machine room for distributed computing (Grid) • Connecting 4 HPC centers initiallly
– Illinois: NCSA, Argonne– California: SDSC, Caltech
• 4x10 Gbps: Chicago Los Angeles
Ongoing collaboration between both projects
6 May 2002 15
Quilt Project
Coalition of advanced regional networks • Now includes 18 GigaPoPs with SURA and EDUCAUSE• Including CENIC and Pacific/Northwest • Led by Wendy Huntoon (Pittsburgh)
Became a project of UCAID last summer• In parallel with Internet2 & Abilene projects
Core activities• Commercial Internet Services• Regional Optical Networking ( Next Gen Abilene)• Measurement ( End-to-end Performance)• New Internet2/Quilt K-20 Joint Initiative
6 May 2002 16
Optical networking technology drivers
Aggressive period of fiber construction on the national & metro scales in U.S.
Many university campuses and regional GigaPoPs with dark fiber
Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
• Allows the provisioning of multiple channels (’s) over distinct wavelengths on the same fiber pair
• Fiber pair can carry 160 channels (1.6 Tbps!)
Optical transport is the current focus• Optical switching is still in the realm of experimental
networks, but is nearing practical application
6 May 2002 17
DWDM technology
DWDM fundamentally is an analog optical technology
• Combines multiple channels (2-160+) over the same fiber pair
• Employs discrete wavelengths (’s) of light • Generally supports 2.5 or 10 Gbps channels
Physical obstacles to long-distance transmission of light
• Attenuation –Solved by amplification (OO)
• Dispersion–Requires periodic signal regeneration (OEO)
18
Optical network project differentiation
Distance scale (km)
Examples Equipment
Metro < 60
UW(SEA),
USC/ISI(LA)
Dark fiber & end terminals
State/
Regional
< 500
(ULH: <2500)
I-WIRE (IL),
CENIC ONI,
I-LIGHT (IN)
Add OO
amplifiers
Extended
Regional/
National
> 500
PLR,
TeraGrid
Abilene
Add OEO
regenerators
& O&M $’s
6 May 2002 19
Regional optical fanout
Next generation architecture: Regional & state based optical networking projects are critical
• Three-level hierarchy: Backbones, GigaPoPs, campuses• Leading examples
– CENIC ONI (California), I-WIRE (Illinois), I-LIGHT (Indiana)
• State-based projects can be viewed as cost sharing
Collaboration with the Quilt • Regional Optical Networking project • Interface with next generation Abilene and future projects
U.S. carrier DWDM access is not widespread• 30-60 cities for DWDM now• ~120 cities for SONET (circa 1998)• Further expansion constrained by current telecom crunch
6 May 2002 20
National optical networking options
1 – Provision incremental wavelengths• Obtain 10-Gbps ’s as with SONET• Exploit smaller incremental cost of additional ’s
– 1st cost is ~10x than subsequent ’s
2 – Build dim fiber facility• Partner with a facilities-based provider
– Acquire 2 fiber pairs on a national scale– Outsource operation of transmission equipment
• Needs lower-cost optical transmission equipment– Find ELH/ULH optical kit partner
The classic ‘buy vs. build’ decision in Information Technology
• Option 1 selected for TeraGrid and Next Gen Abilene
6 May 2002 21
Conclusions – Abilene future
Backbone upgrade project underway• Partnership with Qwest extended thru 2006• Juniper T640 routers selected for backbone• 10-Gbps backbone deployment starts this fall
Advanced service foci• Native, high-performance IPv6• Enhanced, differentiated measurement• Network resiliency
Incremental, non-disruptive transition
Complementary to and collaborative with NSF’s TeraGrid
www.internet2.edu
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