6.plants

By Aniruddh Kommajosyula

III C

Delhi Public School, Nerul

Parts of a plant and their uses

A plant has two main parts:the root and the shoot

Shoot

The part above the ground is called the shoot.

It consists of the stem, leaves fruits, buds and flowers.

Root

The part below the ground is called the root.

PARTS OF A PLANTA PLANT HAS MANY PARTS.

LET US SEE THE USES OF THESE PARTS.

LEAF It is the flat green part that makes food for the plant.

FRUIT It is the part of the plant that has seeds.

SEED it is that part of the plant from which a baby plant grows. It is present in the fruit.

FLOWER It is the beautiful part of the plant that produces seeds or fruits.

STEM It is that part of the plant that carries water and food to all other

parts.ROOT

This part of the plant gives support to the plant. It takes in water and other things needed by the plant. The root grows under the ground.

Root

It is the part of the plant that usually grows below the ground. These are of two types:

Tap Root Fibrous Root

Tap root- it consists of a single, thick root from which small roots grow.

Plants like bean, mustard and hibiscus have tap roots.

Fibrous roots- it consists of many thin and bushy roots.

Plants like grass, wheat, and onion have fibrous roots.

Uses of roots

Some of the main uses of roots are given below:

• It helps the plant stay fixed to the soil.

• It takes in water and minerals from the soil, which are used by the plants for making food.

• Some plants store food in their roots. Such type of roots can be eaten by human beings. examples are radish, turnip, beetroot and carrot.

stem

The stem is the main part of the shoot.

Stem can be strong or weak. trees like banyan tree have a thick and strong stem called the trunk.

It holds the straight and upright.

Plants like grapevine and bean have weak stems.

Such plants either grow along the ground or need support of other plants, walls or sticks.

stemBANYAN TREE (STRONG STEM)

BEAN PLANT (WEAK STEM)

Uses of stem

Some of the main uses of stems are as follows:

It keeps the plant upright and straight.

Leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits grow on the stem.

The stem helps in carrying water and food to different parts of the plant.

Stems of some plants are thick because they store the food prepared by the plant.

Such type of stems an be eaten by human beings. examples are sugar cane, potato, and ginger.

LEAF

The flat surface of a leaf is called the leaf blade.

If you look at it carefully, you will find a lot of lines running across it. these lines are called veins.

Uses of leaves

Some of the main uses of the leaves are as given below:• Leaves are known as the kitchen of the plant because they

make food for the plant. • Most leaves appear green because they contain a substance

called chlorophyll.• Chlorophyll helps leaves to absorb light.• Green leaves prepare food for the plant in the in the presence

of air, water, and light.• Leaves give out a gas called oxygen, which is essential for life.• Leaves of some plants store food. Spinach, cabbage, lettuce,

and coriander leaves are examples of leaves eaten by human beings.

flowers

Most flowers are brightly colored and have a sweet smell.

Some flowers have a pleasant smell.

Most flowers change into fruits.

Most fruits have one or more seeds inside them.

Seeds grow into new plants.

Thus, flowers are important to a plant as they help it to reproduce.

Cauliflower and broccoli are the examples of some flowers that we eat.

fruits

Fruits like mango and plum have a single seed inside them.

Some fruits like apple, orange, and lemon have a few seeds inside them.

Fruits like papaya and watermelon

have many seeds.

We eat the fruits of many plants.

seeds

Seeds are of different shapes, sizes, and colors.

We eat some seeds like wheat, gram, corn, rice, and bean.

Such seeds are called edible seeds.

Spices like mustard, cumin, and black pepper are also seeds.

Edible Seeds

germination

When a seed gets the right amount of air, water and light, it grows into a healthy plant.

The growth of a seed into a new plant is called germination.

Types OF PLANTS• Plants are of different shapes and sizes.

• Plants can grow on land and in water.

• They can grow in cold as well as hot places.

• Some plants live only for a few months while some live for hundreds of years

Types of plantsBased on the size and type of the stem plants are of

different types.Trees

Big and tall plants are called trees.

Trees have strong and woody stems called trunks.Shrubs

Some plants are small. They have woody stems.

Herbs Some small plants do not have woody stems. They have soft stems and are called herbs. Grasses and water plants are also herbs.

Climbers Some plants have weak stems. They need support of other plants, walls, or sticks to grow.

Creepers Some plants have weak stems and grow along the ground.

Banyan Tree

Coconut Tree

Hibiscus

Water lily

Coriander Marigold

TREES

SHRUBS

HERBS

Climber: the grapevine

Creeper: the bottle gourd

Green plants make their own food

Green plants make their own food.

They need sunlight, air, and water for making food.

They make food only in the day.

The process of making food by the plants in the presence of air, water and sunlight is called Photosynthesis.

Plants come under first level in food chain.

Plants are producers.

Where do plants store food?

Just as we store extra food in a refrigerator, plants store food in their roots, stems, fruits, leaves and seeds.