75 cle credit a/v approval #1114166 · 2019-08-15 · .75 cle credit – a/v approval #1114166...
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.75 CLE Credit – A/V Approval #1114166 Recording Date - March 18, 2019
Meeting Location Date Time Topic
King County Bar Association 1200 Fifth Avenue - Suite 700
Seattle, WA
Monday, March 18, 2019
4:00 PM to 5:00 PM
Soil and Groundwater Remediation
Technologies for Treating Volatiles,
Semi-Volatile, PFAS, Pesticides and
Energetics
AGENDA 4:00 PM Introduction 4:00 PM Presentation: ‘Soil and Groundwater Remediation Technologies for Treating Volatiles,
Semi-Volatile, PFAS, Pesticides and Energetics’, by David Fleming, TRS Group, Inc 5:00 PM Adjourn
SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY David Fleming, TRS Group, Inc -
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March 2019
Technologies for Treating
VOCs and Emerging Contaminants
in Soil and Water
King County Bar Association
David Fleming
TRS Group
360-560-4848
dfleming@thermalrs.com
Who is TRS?
• Culture
– ESOP
• Technologies
• Experience
– >160 projects
• Results
Why ISTR: The Results
99.995% removal
All samples:
• Vadose zone
• Silty clay
Conc. initially go up
Strip Mall in Alexandria, Virginia
ISTR Technologies
Technology Solutions
1. In situ thermal remediation (ISTR)
• Electrical resistance heating (ERH)
• Thermal conduction heating (TCH)
• Heat enhanced plume attenuation (HEPA)
2. PerfluorAd system
• PFAS in water
ComparisonTCH/ISTD - Heating
governed by thermal
conductivity
ERH - Heating governed
by electrical conductivity
SEE - Heating governed
by hydraulic conductivity
ISTR
Properties change w/temperature
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 20 40 60 80 100Henry
's la
w c
onsta
nt (
- )
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 20 40 60 80 100
Density (
g/m
L)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Vis
cosity (
mP
a s
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 20 40 60 80 100
Surf
ace tensio
n (
mN
/m)
Interfacial tension PCE-water
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 20 40 60 80 100
Vapor
pre
ssure
(atm
)
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
0 20 40 60 80 100
Solu
bili
ty (
mg/L
)
Water
TCE
PCE
oCoCoC
oCoCoC
Electrical Resistance Heating
Uniform heating
Can reach boiling in 45 days
Max temperature: boiling point of water
Early
Final
TRS ERH PROCESS
Electricity is directed into the subsurface area.TRS ERH PROCESS
TRS Power Control Unit
Electrical Resistance Heating
ERH Bored Electrode
• 12” borehole
• Conductive backfill
• Drip water
• Vapor recovery
• Variable energy
Thermal Conduction Heating
Initial uneven heating
FlexHeater℠ well 800°C
Max temperature: 100-400°C
Early
Final
FlexHeater℠ Remediation Service
• Patent awarded Feb. 2019
• Economics of electricity vs gas
• 2” direct push casing
Variable Heating at Different Depths
FlexHeater℠ Element
Fast, Easy & Inexpensive to Install
Combining ERH & TCH
• HybridHeater℠ remediation services
• Patent pending
• ERH & TCH in single borehole
• Add energy where needed
• Hot floor
• High groundwater flow rates
Steam Enhanced Extraction (SEE)
16°C
26°C
36°C
46°C
56°C
66°C
76°C
86°C
96°C
5 days 12 days 30 days 45 days
0 4 8
Længde [m]
-14.0
-12.0
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
Dybde [m
]
0 4 8
Længde [m]
-14.0
-12.0
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
Dybde [m
]
0 4 8
Længde [m]
-14.0
-12.0
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
Dybde [m
]
0 4 8
Længde [m]
-14.0
-12.0
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
Dybde [m
]
Dep
th (
m)
Length (m) Length (m) Length (m) Length (m)
Steam Enhanced Extraction (SEE)
0
20
40
60
Dep
th (
ft)
TCH heater boring
Steam injection well
Multiphase extraction well
Horizontal vapor extraction well
Surface cover
TCH + SEE
TCH + SEE
Steam on
Profile in zones without steam
TCH only
Final profile
Technology Matrix
ERH
TCH
SEEDeepLarge
High KNAPL
VOCClaySilt
Porous rockWet
DrySaline
SVOCMobile DNAPL
Ex Situ
SmallHydrolysis
BioHEPABG
SandVOCEasy goals Dry
High K
Value
• ISTR -
• Fast and certain in difficult matrices
• Contaminant reductions by >99%
• Beneficial long term effects
• PerfluorAd –
• Pre-treatment or stand alone
• Filtration
• Saves money
Creating Success
• ISTR creates drawdown gradients
• Define treatment volume
• Establish verification sampling strategy
• Groundwater
• Soil
• Power density – key specification
Site Examples
ERH in the Puget Sound Area
Location Year Contaminants Project Name Contract Client
Seattle 2002 PCE DNAPL Lake City Way Drycleaners Guaranteed Private
Tacoma 2007 DNAPL,
LNAPL, Solid
Grease
EGDY Superfund, Ft. Lewis PBC, Fixed Seattle USACE
Everett 2007 TCE DNAPL Powder Mill Gulch Fixed Price Private
Ballard 2008 PCP Heat enhanced oxidation T&M Private
Seattle 2014 PCE, TCE, Oil Cascade Chemical Guaranteed Private
Seattle 2014 PCE Phinney Ridge Fixed Price Private
Lake Union 2015 PCE Dexter Avenue Fixed Price Private
Tacoma 2015 DNAPL, LNAPL Well 12A Superfund Site PBC, Fixed Seattle USACE
Green Lake 2017 PCE Former drycleaner Fixed Price Private
Tacoma 2017 DNAPL Well 12A – heat enhanced bio T&M EPA Region 10
Rainier Ave 2018 PCE Former drycleaner Fixed Price Private
Seattle 2018 PCE Operating drycleaner Fixed Price Private
ISTR in Sedimentary Rock
90 ft. rock sequence
Sandstone
~8% primary porosity
82 days of heating
400 lbs. TCE removed
99.9% mass reduction
Seattle Neighborhood
Brownfield Redevelopment
New Developments
HEPA® RemediationAccelerating Naturally Occurring Processes
• Hydrolysis – water-based reaction
• Abiotic reactions with soil mineralogy
• Mass transfer
• Enhanced biodegradation
Dissolved Organic Carbon
2013 Post-35°C Bio
2010 Post-ERH
2009 Pre-ERH
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
DPT-01R I MW-04AR I MW-04BR I MW-16B I MW-16A F MW-03AR F Average
2
1 1
3 32 2
150
16
66110
1,200 1,100
308
130,000
560
3,100
20,00033,000
4,300
37,332
Gro
un
dw
ater
TC
E (µ
g/l)
Concentrations Continue to Decline
99.99% average reduction
Hydrolysis of RDX
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Ha
lf-l
ife
(d
ays
)
Temperature (°C)
RDX (pH 7)
RDX (pH 8)
Emerging Contaminants
TRS ERH patent:
• 1,4-Dioxane
• Miscible compounds
PFAS: FlexHeater℠ technology
• Vadose zone soils
• Ex situ cells
Treatment of PFAS in Soil
PFASStarting
Concentration (ppb)% reduction
PFOS 21000 >99.999%
PFBA 91 >99.999%
PFPeA 100 >99.999%
PFBS 41 >99.999%
PFHxA 200 >99.999%
PFHpA 27 >99.998%
PFHxS 1600 >99.999%
PFNA 16 >99.997%
PFDS 48 >99.999%
PFOA 64 >99.865%
PFAS Soil Removal at 400°C
39
PFAS Volatilization from Soil
Time & Temperature
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Unheated300 °C
350 °C400 °C
PFA
S So
il C
on
cen
trat
ion
(µ
g/kg
)
Two Weeks of Heating
350°C: 99.91% reduction
400°C: 99.998% reduction
Dioxin Treated in Vietnam
PFAS Water Treatment - PerfluorAd
© Cornelsen Umwelttechnologie GmbH
Treatment of 1,4-Dioxane
0
50
100
150
Before ERH 140 µg/L
After ERH1.4 µg/L
1,4
-Dio
xan
e (
µg
/L)
Early ERH Field Effectiveness
Los Angeles, CA
99.0% Removal
1,4-Dioxane – Field Results
San Diego, CA
>99.8% Removal
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Ave
rag
e C
on
ce
ntr
atio
n (
µg
/L)
Before ERH 3,303 µg/L
After ERH614 µg/L
1,4-Dioxane – Field Results
Cerritos, CA
>81% Removal
Evaluating
Options
Example Site Remediation Parameters
Treatment Volume:
Electrical Resistance Heating Treatment Area: 20,000 sq. ft
Average Shallow Extent of Heating: 5 ft
Average Deep Extent of Heating: 35 ft
Typical Depth to Groundwater: 20 ft
Treatment Volume: 22,200 cu. yd
Assumed Total Organic Carbon Content of Soil: 0.25%
Is a New Surface Cap Required? no
Subsurface Components:
Number of Electrodes: 75
Electrode Boring Diameter (in.): 12-inch o.d.
Average Distance Between Electrodes: 17.5 ft
Total Depth of Electrodes: 36 ft
Depth to Top of Electrode Conductive Zone: 5 ft
Number of Heater Wells: 0
Heater Well Diameter: (in.): 2-inch o.d.
Average Distance Between Heater Wells: 0 ft
Total Depth of Heater Wells: 0 ft
Depth to Top of Heater Wells: 0 ft
Number of Co-located Vapor Recovery Wells: 75
Number of Temperature Monitoring Points: 10 (7 sensors each)
Contaminant Information:
Controlling Contaminant: TCE
Average Clean-up Percent: 99%
Assumed VOC Mass: 6,000 lb This VOC mass is based on an assumed average conc. of 100 mg/kg.
Vapor Recovery and Condensate Streams:
Vapor Recovery Air Flow Rate: 800 scfm using a 40-hp vapor recovery blower
Vapor Treatment Method: carbon
Assumed Activated Carbon Required: 59,000 lb
Condensate Production Rate: 3 gpm
Electrical Information:
Power Control Unit (PCU) Capacity: 2000 kW
Average Electrical Heating Power Input: 1179 kW
Total Heating Treatment Time: 94 - 126 days
Bid Energy (kWh): 2,960,000 An additional 90,000 kWh is used by surface equipment.
Confirmatory Soil Sampling:
Number of Confirmatory Soil Borings Included: 10 With 6 soil samples per boring. Budget for 96 total confirmatory samples.
The above remediation parameters are estimated +/- 20%. Final parameters will be determined during system design.
Conclusions
• ISTR -
– VOCs, semi-VOCs, PCBs, 1,4-Dioxane
– PFAS in soil
– Heat enhanced in situ destruction
• ERH, TCH, SEE
• Fractured rock
• PerfluroAd system
– PFAS in water
48
Contact Information
David Fleming
TRS Group
360-560-4848
dfleming@thermalrs.com
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