7th grade unit 5: the structure and function of body systems lesson 1: muscular, skeletal, and...

7th Grade

Unit 5: The Structure and

Function of Body Systems

Lesson 1: Muscular, Skeletal, and Integumentary Systems

Vocabulary of Instruction:

Ball and Socket Joint• Is a joint in which

the distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center (hips and shoulders).

Calcium• Silvery

metallic element present in the earth as well as in most animals and plants.

• Is a type of involuntary striated muscle found within the heart and its function is to "pump" blood through the circulatory system by contracting.

Cardiac Muscle

Dermis• Layer of

skin below the epidermis.

Epidermis• Outermost

layer of the skin.

Flat Bones• These bones are

composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. In an adult, most red blood cells are formed in flat bones.

Follicle• Small sac or

cavity on the skin.

Function• Duty, role; use or

purpose of an organ or organ system.

The Rib Cage’s primary function is protection for the heart and lungs

The Spine is the structure that supports and stabilizes the body and enables motion

Gliding Joints• The most

common and most moveable type of joints in the body which admits only gliding movement.

Hinge Joints• The articular

surfaces are moulded to each other in such a manner as to permit motion only in one plane, forward and backward, the extent of motion at the same time being considerable (elbow and knees).

Integumentary• A natural

protective covering of an outer coating or layer.

The skin and its derivatives (hair, nails, sweat and oil glands) make up the integumentary system.

Involuntary Muscle• Are smooth, uni-nucleated, non-branching

muscles that are not directly controllable at will by the brain.

Irregular Bones• Have special shapes

for the jobs they have to do.

• Examples: – Patella or knee cap.– vertebrae.

Ligaments• Flexible connecting tissue

which connects two or more bones, cartilages, or bones and cartilage, and support organs in the body.

Long Bones• Are those that are

longer than they are wide, and grow primarily by elongation of the main or mid section of a long bone, with a rounded end of a long bone at the ends of the growing bone.

Nail Bed• Base of the fingernail.

Pivot Joints• Where the

movement is limited to rotation, the joint is formed by a pivot-like process turning within a ring, or a ring on a pivot, the ring being formed partly of bone and partly of ligament (head and neck).

http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/ARM.MOV

Short Bones• Are small, squat, light

and very strong.• Examples:

– carpals (hand)– tarsal's. (foot)

Skeletal Muscle

• Muscle attached to either or both ends of a bone and moves the bones.

Smooth Muscle• Is a type of non-

striated muscle, found within the "walls" of hollow organs and elsewhere like the bladder and abdominal cavity, the uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, the vasculature, the skin and the ciliary muscle and iris of the eye.

Striated Muscle• A muscle that is

connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes.

Subcutaneous• Referred to a location

under the skin; administered under the skin.

Systems• Combination of related things or parts that

form a complex whole.

Tendons• Cord of fibrous tissue

which connects a muscle to a bone or other parts of the body.

Voluntary Muscle• Striated

muscle that can be controlled voluntarily by the brain.