8.1 the covalent bond “all i ever needed to know, i learned in kindergarten.”

8.1 THE

COVALENT BOND

“All I ever needed to know, I learned in

kindergarten.”

REVIEW ON IONIC COMPOUNDS

An ionic compound is made of a cation of a

METAL NONMETAL METALLOID

and an anion of a

METAL NONMETAL METALLOID

(or the cation can be ammonium, and the anion can be a negative polyatomic ion.)

Why are a metal and a nonmetal usually needed to form an ionic bond?

Review of making anionic compound

A molecular compound is usually made of

Explain .

The chemical bond that results from atoms sharing valence electrons is called a

When two or more atoms bond covalently a

___________________ is formed. When 2 atoms of the same or different element(s) form covalent bonds, they

are called ______________________________________.The hydrogen molecule above is an example of this, as is a chlorine molecule.

__________shared electrons. So do the bonds in water. These

are called _________________________________ bonds.

In this type of covalent bond, the 2 bonding electrons spend most of their time between the nuclei. This is called a

_____________________________ bond.

Single, covalent bonds are always sigma bonds.

The bonds in H2 and Cl2 each consist of

There is a diatomic molecule you must you take in constantly, or you will become “brain dead” in 6-10 minutes. What is it? How can it be happy?

The other element you are constantly breathing in is

____________________________. It is also diatomic. How can it be “happy?”

How can 4 or 6 electrons (a double or triple bond) be shared between the nuclei of 2 atoms? Only two electrons can occupy a particular

area in space.

The first bond in a double or triple bond is always a sigma bond; i.e., the bonding electrons are

_________________ the 2 nuclei. The second (and third)

bonds are called ___________ bonds.

In a double bond, the second pair of bonding electrons

spend their time _______________________________

the sigma pair. In a triple bond, the third pair spends its

time _____________________________ of the sigma pair

Single bond = ________ bond

Double bond = ________ bond + ________ bond

Triple bond = _________ bond + ___ ________ bonds

In an EXOTHERMIC ENDOTHERMIC reaction, heat is given off.It feels HOT COLD

In an EXOTHERMIC ENDOTHERMIC reaction, heat is absorbed from the surrounding.It feels HOT COLD

8.1 continued: The elements of molecular

compounds

Halogens have _____ valence electrons. They want _____ more electron. Therefore, they prefer to make ______ bond.

Group 16 has ____ valence electrons, so its elements want ____ more electrons. Therefore they prefer to make _______ bonds.

Group 15 has ____ valence electrons, so its elements want ____ more electrons. Therefore they prefer to make ________ bonds.

Group 14 has ____ valence electrons, so its elements want ____ more electrons. Therefore they prefer to make ________ bonds.

What compounds would these elements make with hydrogen?

COMMON NAMES

1. chlorine ________________

2. oxygen ________________

3. nitrogen ________________

4. carbon ________________

The elements found in nature in the human body are shown below:RED = most abundantBLUE = found in lesser amountsGREEN = trace amountsNote that the most common elements in the human body are all nonmetals…

The human body and most life as we know it is primarily made of

these nonmetals: oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen