9. the catholic monarchs and the spanish empire
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IES FRAY PEDRO DE URBINA. GEO. AND HISTORY DEPARTMENT
THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS AND THE SPANISH EMPIRE
1. THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS (1479-1516)
Under the reign of I!"e##! I of C!ti#e !nd Ferdin!nd II of Ar!gon$ %no&n
! the C!tho#i' Mon!r'h$ the S(!nih %ingdo) &ere in'or(or!ted into the
)odern !ge.
*.*. DYNASTIC UNION.
The )!rri!ge of Ferdin!nd !nd I!"e##! in *+,- &! the firt te( in the
nion of the /ingdo) of C!ti#e !nd the territorie of the Cro&n of Ar!gon.
The nion "e'!)e effe'ti0e in *+1-$ &hen Ferdin!nd !'ended the throne
of the /ingdo) of Ar!gon. I!"e##! of C!ti#e !''eded to in *+1+ !fter the
de!th of hi "rother Henr2 I3.
It &! on#2 ! d2n!ti' nion$ ie$ (eron!#$ "oth 'ro&n h!d in 'o))on 4t
the figre of the Mon!r'h$ e!'h %ingdo) h!d intittion$ #!&$ 'to)
!nd different 'rren'ie.
1.2. TERRITORIAL UNION.
The RRCC &i## h!0e ! )!in o"4e'ti0e to nite !## the %ingdo) of the
(enin#! nder their 'ro&n.
N!5!ri /ingdo) of Gr!n!d!6 the #!t M#i) trongho#d &i## 4oin
C!ti#e !fter ! &!r of ten 2e!r 7*+89:*+-9;$ ending the (ro'e of
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1.5. RELIGIOUS UNITY
The RRCC oght re#igio nifor)it2 of their %ingdo)@ ! ! re#t$
)e!re !g!int e& !nd M#i) &ere t!%en$ 're!ting in *+18 the Cort
of the In
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3. THE 17"# CENTURY AND THE CRISIS OF THE EMPIRE
The H!""rg '!##ed Minor reigned in S(!in !#ong the e0enteenth 'entr26
Phi#i( III 7*=-8:*,9*;$ Phi#i( I3 7*,9*:*,,=; !nd Ch!r#e II 7*,,=:*1;.
Thee )on!r'h h!d ! &e!%er (eron!#it2 th!n their (rede'eor !nd &ith
the) there &! ! (rogrei0e (o#iti'!#$ de)ogr!(hi' !nd e'ono)i' de'#ine
of the S(!nih E)(ire.
3.1. REIGN OF PHILIP III (159!-1621)
/ing &e!%$ nintereted in go0ern)ent$ #eft thee to hi f!0orite the D%e
of Ler)!. Dring hi reign the Moor &ere e>(e##ed 7*,-;$ &ith 0er2
di!tro de)ogr!(hi' !nd e'ono)i' effe't. A#o in thi reign o)e
tre!tie of (e!'e &ere igned &ith Eng#!nd 7*,+; !nd the Dt'h
Protet!nt$ the o:'!##ed T&e#0e Ye!r Tr'e 7*,-:*,9*;.
3.2. REIGN OF PHILIP I (1621-1665)
Phi#i( I3 #eft the go0ern)ent in the h!nd of hi f!0orite the Cont D%e
of O#i0!re. O#i0!re re!#i5ed the de(#etion of C!ti#e$ in'e the territor2
"ore !## the effort of )!int!ining the E)(ire$ o he de'ided th!t other
territorie &i## 'ontri"te )ore to the E)(ire. To do thi$ he tried to
re'rit )en !nd r!ie t!>e in other !re!$ '!rr2ing ot the 're!tion of the
Union of Ar)$ &hi'h #ed in *,+ ! erie of riot in And!#i!$ C!t!#oni!
!nd Portg!#.
Otide$ the reign of Phi#i( I3 'oin'ided &ith the ot"re!% of the Thirt2
Ye!r !r 7*,*8:*,+8;$ &hi'h &! "oth ! re#igio 'onf#i't !nd ! trgg#e
for Ero(e!n hege)on2 "et&een Fr!n'e !nd S(!in.
The &!r ended in *,+8 &ith the igning of the Pe!'e of et(h!#i!$ &here
the Hi(!ni' Mon!r'h2 re'ogni5ed the inde(enden'e of the northern Lo&
Contrie 7Nether#!nd;.
After thi &!r$ the 'onfront!tion &ith Fr!n'e 'ontined nti# *,=-$ 2e!r in
&hi'h the Pe!'e of the P2renee &! igned$ h!0ing to de#i0er to Fr!n'e
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Roi##on !nd Cerd!n2!$ re!ffir)ing Fr!n'e ! the hege)oni' (o&er in the
*1th'entr2. In thi (e!'e &! !greed !#o the &edding of the Inf!nt!
M!ri! Tere! &ith the Fren'h /ing Loi I3.
3.3. REIGN OF CHARLES II (1665-17$$)
Hi reign &! the ti)e &hen the Hi(!ni' Mon!r'h2 re!'hed ro'% "otto).
/ing in'!(!'it2$ 'orr(tion of f!0orite !nd the e'ono)i' 'rii 'o)"ined
to 'ertif2 the in%ing of the S(!nih E)(ire.
Ch!r#e II die &ithot de'end!nt$ '!ing ! ''eion di(te "et&een
the Fren'h '!ndid!te 7Phi#i( of An4o; !nd Atri!n one 7Ch!r#e of
H!""rg;.
The !r of S''eion &i## "e &on "2 the Fren'h '!ndid!te$ (tting !n end
to the d2n!t2 of H!""rg in S(!in !nd re!'hing ! ne& d2n!t2$ The
Bor"on$ &hi'h 'o)e to the (reent d!2.
4. THE ECONOMY% CONSE&UENCES OF THE CON&UEST OF
AMERICA
The 'on
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ANNEES6 MAPS
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