9.1 the rising power of rome. under etruscan rule rome grew to become the biggest city in italy. ...
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Roman Art 9.1 The Rising Power of Rome
The Roman Republic Under Etruscan rule Rome grew to
become the biggest city in Italy. Romans were unhappy and drove the
Etruscans from their city and established a republic but did not end their problems.
They found themselves surrounded by
enemies but managed to defend itself and gain control of Italy.
The Roman Republic
The Greek Influence Much of Roman art was copied from the
Greeks.
Romans had great admiration towards Greek art.
Romans imported Greek art and Roman
artists went to Greece to study with Greek artists to learn their style and techniques.
Although they borrowed a lot of Greek style
they also made important contributions of their own especially in architecture.
Roman Sculpture and Painting
Reflects techniques and styles used in Greek sculpture and painting.
A desire for life-like portraits
At one time wax masks were made of deceased family members to be carried during the funeral and for a shrine in the home.
Wax was temporary and soon marble and other
stone was used because it was longer lasting. Artists who could carve life-like portraits were in
great demand at the time.
Differences between Roman and Greek Sculpture
GREEK SCULPTURE ROMAN SCULPTURE
Preferred idealistic portraits
Designed for public monuments
Usually sculpted the entire body
Considered a sculpture of a head or bust incomplete
Preferred realistic portraits Designed for private needs Wanted their sculpture to
remind people of specific individuals
Natural and Life-like
Show personal character with facial features and expression
Often just sculpted the head and not the whole body
Bust of Cato and Portia c.Late 1st Century Marble
Double Portrait Bust Bust =sculpture from
the torso up Creates the feeling you
are looking at a real person
Shows wrinkles and
imperfections Expressions show
character
Mural Painting Wealthy Romans lived in lavish
homes.
They did not like hanging artworks on the walls so instead artists painted murals.
Murals = large picture painted directly on the wall
Artists tried to reproduce the world around them as accurate as possible.
The scene often created the
impression of looking out a window. Tour a Roman Villahttp://www.villa-rustica.de/tour/toure.html
Pompeii Not all Roman paintings are noteworthy
This is evident in the many paintings found in houses in Pompeii
Pompeii was a city that was covered in ash when the volcano Vesuvius erupted in A.D. 79
When the remains were found archeologist
discovered that almost of their homes were decorated with murals.
Roman Architecture Few examples of Roman painting and
sculpture remain but examples of architecture and survived.
Designed and constructed city services such as aqueducts, sewer systems, and public buildings for business and leisure.
Romans were excellent planners and engineers.
The Temples Many early Roman temples resemble
Greek architecture.
Romans used features that fit their purposes.
Whereas Greeks used columns for
support purposes Romans used them for decoration.
Maison CarreeNimes, France
Greek influence can be seen in this Roman temple that was built in France.
From first glance it looks like a Greek temple but a closer look reveals that the columns do not surround the entire building.
Half columns are attached
to the wall to create a decorative pattern.
Temple Design The design of this Roman
structure, which has been standing over 2000 years, demonstrates how the use of the following techniques creates stability and strength even in large buildings.
Barrel Vault = a series of
round arches from front to back that form a tunnel.
Innovations in Structure and Materials
The round arch improved the post and lintel system that the Greeks used.
It allowed them to span a
large area
Keystone = top stone of an arch
With the arch and concrete Romans could not build large scale architecture.
Spread of Roman Architecture
Where ever the Roman army traveled, they spread their knowledge of the arch and concrete building techniques.
This bridge in Spain, was built by the Romans nearly 2,000 years ago and is still used today.
Roman Bridge, Alcantara, Spain
Roman Acquaducts Aqueduct = a system that
carries water from mountain streams into cities by using gravitational flow.
The series of arches supports each other and keeps the structure standing.
11 aqueducts can be found
in and around Rome, ranging in length from 10-60 miles, and carried nearly 270 million gallons of water in to the city each day!
Vocab and Quiz Review Mural = large painted picture directly
on the wall Keystone = top stone of an arch Barrel Vault = a series of round
arches from front to back that form a tunnel.
Aqueduct = a system that carries water from mountain streams into cities by using gravitational flow.
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