a corpus perspective on the football playing culture in brazil and the u.k sabrina matuda corpora...
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A corpus perspective on the football playing culture in Brazil and the U.K
Sabrina MatudaCorpora and Society: opportunities and challenges for using corpora in interdisciplinary research7th–9th October, 2013
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
to analyze how different football styles, the history of football in Brazil and in England, the cultural appropriation of the laws of the game practiced by each culture and other historical social factors influenced the creation of
the football lexicon both in English and in Portuguese.
England x Scotland, Glasgow, 1872 Arthur Friedenreich
Objective
1) Football is the most popular sport in the world
Brazil is widely known as the “country of football”
In Brazil, it is played everywhere and by everyone: (Damo, 2005)
as a sport in the schools and in football schools
on the streets: in competitions organized by FIFA and by CBF (Brazilian football confederation):
in amateur football leagues
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Why football?
2) Major sports events in Brazil
Number of foreign tourists:
in 2012: 5,8 million*in 2014: 10 million* * Source: EMBRATUR (Brazilian Tourism Institute)
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Why football?Why football?
3) the growth of academic interest in football
a large number of books, research/ theses and articles on football have been published in the last years.
the growth of study groups
http://www.ludopedio.com.br/rc/index.php/quemsomos/secao/contato/usp
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Why football?
4) Need of updated and comprehensive bilingual reference works
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Why football?
authentic texts
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Theoretical background
CL | Textual Terminology | Technical Translation | Form-representation
specialized texts are the central object of study of Terminology;
technical terms cannot really live an independent life in isolation from their context of occurrence.
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Theoretical background
CL | Textual Terminology | Technical Translation | Form-representation
specialized language is seen as an integral part of a culture, representing one of its powerful manifestations in so far as it is not an isolated phenomenon suspended in a vacuum (Snell-Hornby 1988)
technical translation is viewed as a communicative act subject to cultural restraints
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Theoretical background
CL | Textual Terminology | Technical Translation | Form-representation
different styles:-“English school”-“German school”-“Italian school”
REPRESENTATATIONS
forms of playing
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Theoretical background
CL | Textual Terminology | Technical Translation | Form-representation (Toledo 2002)
Total newspaper reports on
match results
laws ofthe game
live minute-by-minute
commentaries
live commentaries by sports journalists and by football fans via social
mediatokens numbe
rof
texts
tokens numberof
texts
tokens numberof
texts
tokens numberof
texts
tokens numberof
texts
English 1.002.897 1.103 584.931 947 22.583 1 322.895
138 72.488 17
Portuguese
917.073 1.641 544.002 1.335 24.593 1 311.147
284 37.331 21
high and low-context culture Edward Hall (1976)
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
The study Corpus
description | header
<header><title>
<fileName> JO-IF-SUN_004 </fileName><corpus> futebol </corpus><nPages> </nPages><nWords> </nWords><sample> Íntegra </sample>
</title><sourceText>
<titleOfText> Barcelona go through on away goals rule </titleOfText><language> IB </language><source> The Sun </source><pubPlace> http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article2415560.ece </pubPlace><date> 06.05.09 </date><status> Original </status>
</sourceText><author>
<textAuthor><name> Shaun Custis </name><gender> masculino </gender><type> individual </type><country> Inglaterra </country><city> Londres </city>
</textAuthor></author>
<textClassification><textGenre>
<genre> Informativo </genre></textGenre><textType> Editorial </textType><domain>
<generalDomain> Generalidades </generalDomain><specificDomain> Esporte </specificDomain>
</domain><distribution> Internet </distribution>
</textClassification></header>
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
The study Corpus
description | header
live minute-by-minute commentaries
<body><omit desc="head">Portuguesa 0 x 1 Ipatinga </omit> <minute> 22m05s: </minute> Fim de jogo<minute> 18m32s: </minute> Partida terá três minutos de acréscimo<minute> 13m27s: </minute> Sai Alessandro Lopes, para a entrada de Max<minute> 9m34s s: </minute> GOOOL DO IPATINGA! Léo Oliveira sobe livre e cabeceia para o fundo da rede<minute> 08m01s: </minute> Na cobrança, Bruno Rodrigo desvia de cabeça para a linha de fundo<minute> 00m02s: </minute> Começa a partida<minute> 0m0s s: </minute> Problemas na iluminação das torres atrasam o início do jogo na Arena Barueri</body>
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Annotation
Mark-ups | POST
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Annotation
Mark-ups | POST
example of tagged text
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Annotation
Mark-ups | POST
WordSmith 5.0(Scott 2012)
Wordlists
Keywords
Keywords in context (KWIC)
Collocates
Clusters
tags
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Corpus Analysis
Preliminary findings ...
SCORE ([{a | the} goal])
FIRE {home | in (a goal) | (the ball) past [goalkeeper]| into the net}
HAMMER {in | home}
NOD {home (into an empty goal) | in | into the net}
SLOT {home ([a goal]) | (the ball) into {an | the} empty net | past [goalkeeper | in]}
{hammer|pound} a header into the net
HEAD (the ball) {home|past (goalkeeper)|into the (roof of the) net}
SLAM {(the ball) past [goalkeeper] | in | into the roof of the net}
NET [a goal] KNOCK {the ball {into the net|in|home}} / NUMBER goals
EQUALISE ADD {a|the} ORDINAL (goal)
SLAM (the ball) {in | past [goalkeeper] | home} / SLAM {in | home} [a kick]
NOTCH {his ORDINAL|CARDINAL} (goal) TAP {in|home} FINISH (off)
SWEEP {home | the ball into the net} SNATCH [a goal]
THUNDER a goal home
SLIDE {home his ORDINAL (goal) | the ball home}
STAB the ball {home | past [goalkeeper]}
BURY the ball past [goalkeeper]
THUMP {home | past [goalkeeper]}
NESTLE {in | into} the (back of the) net TUCK home ([a goal])
DELIVER a goal
CLIP the ball into the net
POKE {the ball home | home past [goalkeeper]}
BLAST in ([a goal])
STEER the ball past [goalkeeper]
the ball CORKSCREW towards the (empty) net
STROKE a shot past [goalkeeper] FIZZ the ball past [goalkeeper]
SMASH home
DRILL home
FAZER {o | um} gol MARCAR {o|um} gol MARCAR o tento FINALIZAR EMPATAR
TO SCORE (A GOAL)
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Case studies
"I understand what this league is all about," said Ramires. "I've watched it on the television and I know that physical strength is the main part of the English
game. But I'm hard, too. I'm tough. I hope I can build up my strength to be on the same level as everyone else, but it's already hard to put me down. I've
been away from Brazil for over a year now, playing in Europe. I know the football in Portugal isn't as physical as it is over here, sure, but it's still tough.
Ramires (Chelsea's midfielder)
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Case studies
VIOLENCE
•FIRE {home | in (a goal) | (the ball) past [goalkeeper]| into the net}•HAMMER {in | home} •SLAM {(the ball) past [goalkeeper] | in | into the roof of the net}•BLAST IN (a goal)•LASH home {(a goal) | into an empty net} •SMASH home •STAB the ball {home | past [goalkeeper]} •POKE {the ball home | home past [goalkeeper]}•KNOCK {the ball {into the net | in | home}} / NUMBER goals •THUMP {home | past [goalkeeper]} •CLIP the ball into the net •SNATCH [a goal]
EXPLOSION
•BLAST in•THUNDER a goal home
“EFFORTLESS ACTION”
•SLIDE {home his ORDINAL (goal) | the ball home} ▪ STROKE a shoot past [goalkeeper]•TUCK home (a goal)•SWEEP {home | the ball into the net} •DINK in [a goal]
SPEED
•TAP {in|home}•FIZZ the ball past [goalkeeper]
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Case studies
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Case studies
Brazilian football
-[good] dribblers-creative
-spontaneous-improvisational
-free-flowing -possession
-samba [beat]-control [of the ball]
-[highly] skilled-[flowing] passing [game]
-beautiful-flair
-invention
English football
-physical [prowess/strength]-fast
-athleticism-rough
-[long] shoots-quick
-[direct] passes-[no] risk
-courageous-hard
-[break-neck] speed
chocolate
cricketscore
commentator: Washington Rodrigues
song: “El bodeguero” by Cuban Richard Egües
chorus: “Toma chocolate / Paga lo que debes”
Some cultural-specific terms do not have a direct standardized equivalent in a different language.
team A: 254–6
team B: 185
Team A won by
69 “runs"
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Case studies
search in the corpus: v * falta
- cometer * falta- fazer * falta- ganhar * falta- receber * falta- sofrer * falta
search in the corpus: falta * adj
- falta dura- falta perigosa- falta violenta- falta boba- falta forte- falta grosseira- falta infantil- falta venenosa- falta casual- falta certeira
Falta (foul) (6.901)
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Case studies
- bad foul- clear foul- clumsy foul- cynical foul- controversial foul- dangerous foul- debatable foul- disgraceful foul- Innocuous foul- nasty foul- needless foul- ludicrous foul- mild foul-niggly foul
foulcommit a [adj] fouldraw a [adj] foul
- careless tackle- clumsy tackle- crunching tackle- dangerous tackle- dismal tackle- last-ditch tackle- dreadful tackle- hefty tackle- hideous tackle- hard tackle- late tackle*- ludicrous tackle- nasty-looking tackle
*excellent / fine / good / great / proper / saving / sliding / superb / smart / [perfectly|well] timed / timely / wonderful
foul verb (546)foul noun (80)tackle noun (223)tackle verb (49)challenge noun (60)challenge verb (16)
“Chelsea midfielder Ramires tackled Wayne Rooney on the edge of the Blues box before powering forward and passing to Oscar, who laid the ball off for Mata to send a shot in off Jones and the post.” (Football.uk)
“As Porto pressed for an equaliser in the closing stages of the match, their midfielder Fernando was sent off for a dismal tackle on Ashley Cole that earned him a second booking. (The Independent)”
“Tom Williams produces a cross, unfair challenge on Aaron Mclean by Wayne Brown results in a Penalty.” (BBC Sport)
"I really do not see why everyone is getting on Spain's back. Chile were putting in some horrid challenges last night and should have had two or three players sent off. Alonso almost needed two stretchers on, one for him and one for his foot." (BBC Sport)
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Case studies
The number of fouls in “Brasileirão” is higher than in the European Championships
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Case studies
Corpora can expand the scope of terminological research by revealing
cultural aspects of a special subject field
Neymar Gareth Bale
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
high and low context cultures (Anthropology);
form-representaion (Anthropology);
course: Sociocultural history of football (History);
translation theories (Translation Studies);
Terminology;
Statistics (in the future).
No corpus linguist is an island! (Ute Romer)
Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
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