a history of world societies ninth edition chapter 11 the americas, 2500 b. c. e.–1500 c. e....

A History of World Societies Ninth Edition

CHAPTER 11The Americas,

2500 B.C.E.–1500 C.E.

Copyright © 2011 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

John P. McKay ● Bennett D. Hill ● John BucklerPatricia Buckley Ebrey ● Roger B. Beck

Clare Haru Crowston ● Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks

I. The First Peoples of the Americas

A. Describing the Americas and Their Peoples1. Amerigo Vespucci2. The word Indian

I. The First Peoples of the Americas

B. Settling the Americas1. The Bering Strait2. Gathering and hunting societies

I. The First Peoples of the Americas

C. The Development of Agriculture1. Maize2. Early agricultural techniques3. Livestock domestication

II. Early Societies

A. Mounds, Towns, and Trade in North and South America1. Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys2. Norte Chico

B. Olmec Agriculture, Technology, and Religion1. Agriculture and trade2. Egalitarian societies3. Religious structures

III. Classical Era Mesoamerica and North America, 300–900 C.E.

A. Maya Agriculture and Trade1. Staple crops2. Raised fields3. Transportation for trade

III. Classical Era Mesoamerica and North America, 300–900 C.E.

B. Maya Science and Religion1. Popul Vuh2. Religious rituals3. Mathematics4. Astronomy and calendric development

III. Classical Era Mesoamerica and North America, 300–900 C.E.

C. Growth and Assimilation of the Teotihuacán and Toltec Cultures1. Zapotecan-speaking peoples2. Urban centers3. Toltec confederation

III. Classical Era Mesoamerica and North America, 300–900 C.E.

D. Hohokam, Hopewell, and Mississippian Societies1. Hohokam earthworks2. Hopewell earthworks3. Cahokia

IV. The Aztecs

A. Religion and War in Aztec Society1. Quetzalcoatl2. Huitzilopochtli3. Sacrifice

IV. The Aztecs

B. Social Distinctions Among Aztecs1. Warrior aristocracy2. Ordinary citizens3. Landless workers4. Slaves

IV. The Aztecs

C. The City of Tenochtitlán1. Population2. City layout3. Markets4. The temple

V. The Incas

A. Earlier Peruvian Cultures1. Moche civilization2. Warfare

B. Inca Imperialism and Its Religious Basis1. Royal mummies2. Culture of warfare3. Imperial unification4. Domestic infrastructure

V. The Incas

C. The Clan-Based Structure of Inca Society1. Land grants2. Tribute3. Domestic laws4. Exploited labor