a novel gsm and gps based vehicle security...
Post on 13-Apr-2018
218 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
AMSE JOURNALS-AMSE IIETA publication-2017-Series: Advances D; Vol. 22; N°1; pp 62-76
Submitted July 2016; Revised Oct.10, 2017, Accepted Nov. 15, 2017
A Novel GSM and GPS Based Vehicle Security System
*M. Bandyopadhyay, **N. Mandal, ***S. Chattopadhyay, ***B. Roy
*Department of Electrical Engineering, Asansol Engineering College; Kanyapur, Asansol, West
Burdwan-713305 West Bengal, India (mom_saltlake@yahoo.co.in)
**Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad;
Hirapur, Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India (nirupama_cal@rediffmail.com)
***Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and
Research, Kolkata; Block FC, Saltlake City, Kolkata-700106, West Bengal, India
(subrata0507@gmail.com)
Abstract
An integrated global positioning system and global system for mobile communication (GPS
and GSM) is developed to track and control vehicles from remote places to assure the maximum
security. It is a cost-effective and reliable solution for tracking and monitoring automobiles using
the recent advancements of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), GPS (Global
Positioning System) and Embedded System technology. This paper presents an automotive
localization system using GPS and GSM Short message service (SMS). This paper presents an
application of low cost solution for automobile position and status, very useful in case of car theft
situations, for monitoring adolescent drivers as well as in car tracking system applications. The
proposed solution can be used in other types of applications, where the needed information is
required rarely.
Key words
Anti-theft, Embedded Systems, GSM, GPS, Real-time monitoring, Telematics,
1. Introduction
An anti-theft system is any device or method used to prevent or detect any unauthorized
operation of valuable items. Theft is one of the most common and oldest criminal behaviours.
62
From the invention of the first lock and key to the introduction of Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) tags and biometric identification, anti-theft systems [1] have evolved to match the
introduction of new inventions to society and the resulting theft of them by others. An
immobiliser is an electronic security device fitted to an automobile that prevents to get started an
engine unless the correct key (or other token) is used. This prevents the car from being hot-wired
after entry has been achieved [2]. All Modern vehicle tracking system [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10]
commonly use GPS technology for locating the vehicle. To achieve automatic vehicle location
system the information is transmitted through tracking server using GSM or General Packet
Radio Service (GPRS) modem on GSM network [8] by using SMS or using direct TCP/IP
(Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) connection with tracking server through
GPRS. Tracking server also has GSM/GPRS modem that receives vehicle location information
via GSM network and stores this information in its database. This information is available to any
authorized user of the system via website through internet. D. Shah et. al. [11] presented that, the
main objective of the system is to provide security for the vehicle user and also detects the
accident if occurred and informs the respective authority through wireless technologies, whereas,
P. Singh et.al. [12] described that the principle point of the exploration work is to outline and
create a shrewd and strong security framework for vehicles utilizing GPS and GSM innovation,
that can avert robbery and give data on mischance. R. Ramani et. al. [13] proposed a method of
vehicle tracking and locking system by using GPS and GSM technology, which puts the system
into sleeping mode while the vehicle is handled by the owner or authorized person otherwise
goes to active mode.
In the present paper, a vehicle tracking system has been designed that uses GPS and GSM
technology, which is cheaper than the other sources of tracking system. This technology may be
used as an anti-theft system also.
It is an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using
GPS and GSM technology. This system will continuously monitor a moving vehicle and report
about its status on demand. Thus, it is used for controlling and tracking automobiles. It is useful
to provide a solution to avoid car theft at lower cost than advanced security systems and to build
an additional feature to the present security system that will warn the owner of the vehicle by
sending SMS when there has been an intrusion into the vehicle. It can also change the location of
the vehicle and other information to the owner after sending appropriate command to the
embedded platform. It has been shown that, the full security against theft and flexibility in
monitoring the car status via GSM Communication can be achieved.
63
2. Method of Approach
In this investigation, the usage of recent modern technology has been successfully
implemented. The GPS system works by receiving the radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted
by the GPS satellites. The block diagram of the system that represents the vehicle positioning
and controlling, is shown in Fig.1.
Fig1. Block Diagram of the System
When the system is switched on, the main microcontroller continuously searches for
incoming SMS received by the GSM module. When it receives instruction to lock the car, it
activates the door lock relay and starts monitoring if there is any valid input signal from the
sensors like Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR), 3-Axis Accelerometer and Magnetic Reed Switch.
If any valid input signal is detected from the sensors while the system is in active mode or
monitoring mode, the microcontroller sends an interrupt signal to the GPS data decoding
auxiliary microcontroller. The auxiliary controller then processes the data which is received from
the GPS and sends the data to the main microcontroller. After receiving the location information,
the main controller sends command to the GSM module. The modem then sends the formatted
data and intrusion type to the owner via short messaging service. After identifying the position of
the car and if the owner thinks that the vehicle has been theft, he can send the commands through
SMS to stop the engine of the vehicle and lock the brake of the car. After retrieving the car, the
owner sends command to unlock the car. Then the monitoring system will be deactivated and the
main microcontroller will again search for new incoming SMS for further processing.
64
3. Design
The scheme consists of embedded system, GSM & GPS technology. The whole system is
divided into two parts, hardware and software. Atmega8, GSM Module-SIM300, GPS Unit-
GTPA010, Switching Circuit, Relay board, Accelerometer-ADXL335, PIR Sensor, Magnetic
Reed Switch, display Unit are the basic hardware used in this system as shown in Fig.2. AVR
Studio 6 is used as the main software.
Fig 2. Architecture of the System
The system architecture is based on a multi-processor operation technique. Both the
Atmega8 microcontrollers are configured to use the internal 8-Mhz oscillator. The main
controller handles the SIM300 GSM unit, 16X2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) display driver
unit, digital PIR sensor (the viewing angle of the sensor is 100°), ADXL335 analog
accelerometer, magnetic Reed Switch and a 12V (JQC-3FC/T73) relay interface for the
automobile control purpose. The auxiliary controller only handles the GPS NMEA (National
Electrical Manufacturers Association) data acquisition technique. The GTPA010 GPS device
continuously transmits the local positional data via USART (Universal Synchronous
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) protocol. A 74HCT08N “AND” Gate is used as a switching
65
circuit to feed the final acquired data and the received SMS data to the main controller. Two
LEDs are connected to indicate the data collection and SMS sending acknowledgment. Two
RESET switches are used for troubleshooting purpose. Two 7805 voltage regulators are
connected in parallel which is used to supply the total current of 1A to the system. Bypass
capacitors are incorporated to minimize the supply voltage fluctuations. 12V mains supply is
needed for the system to work. The circuit diagram of the whole system is shown in Fig.3. The
project has been designed, developed and successfully tested.
Fig.3. Circuit Diagram of the whole System
66
4. System Operation
The idea of the system is very contemporary and the demand of this kind of security system
is growing day by day. The functional diagram of this GSM-GPS security system and its
implementation as anti-theft system in automobiles is shown in Fig.4. The results are satisfactory
and show good repeatability. With the help of this flexible and upgradable microcontroller
system, many more features can be added later according to the need.
Fig.4. Functional Flowchart of GSM-GPS Security System
When the system is switched ON, it takes at least one or two minutes to establish the
connection of GSM Module, GPS and most importantly PIR sensor for auto calibration. Human
interference in the PIR sensor visible area should be avoided during the calibration process,
otherwise the system can behave in an undesired manner.
The main AtMega8 microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM Modem and the auxiliary
AtMega8 microcontroller to GPS Receiver. A GSM unit is used to provide continuous data about
the position (Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle from a remote place. The same data is sent
67
to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle is demanded. When the
request by the user is sent to the number at the GSM modem, the system automatically sends a
return reply to that mobile indicating the position of the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude
in real time.
The switching circuit is needed to separate the incoming signals from both GSM and GPS
units. It is made of a 74HCT08N “AND” gate. At the 2 inputs of the “AND” Gate, both GSM and
extracted GPS data (from Auxiliary Controller) are fed. Now, when any of the devices (GSM or
GPS Auxiliary controller) is idle, it reflects a logic “0” that means HIGH for serial
communication. At that moment if the other device is sending data to the controller section, it can
easily pass through the “AND” Gate.
The PIR sensor, 3-Axis Accelerometer and magnetic Reed Switch are used to detect the
Intrusion, crash and door monitoring respectively. The PIR sensor gives a signal when human
intrusion happens into the car though it is locked. It detects living being by the emitted infrared
radiation. The viewing angle of the sensor is 100°. The PIR Sensor requires a ‘warm-up’ time in
order to function properly. This is due to the settling time involved in ‘learning’ its environment.
This is around 30 seconds. During this time, there should be as little motion as possible in the
sensors field of view. To detect sudden vibration or crash, the accelerometer is activated. The
sensor gives an analog output value to the main controller. 10-bit ADC (Analog to Digital
Converter) is used for this sensor. If it detects acceleration more than the value of 3G, the
controller will declare it as a crash. The ADC value for such condition is 100< ADC Value <500.
5. Experimental Results
The circuit diagram and experimental setup are shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4 respectively. When
the system is power on by applying +12V, the on board LEDs (Light Emitting Diode) will glow.
The main and auxiliary microcontroller will set up its I/O pins, baud rate and other types of
primary settings. GSM modem & GPS unit will be activated. When the GSM modem finds a valid
mobile network, the LCD unit will show “READY”. Now,
The behaviour of the system using all types of commands has been given in tabular form in
Table1
Table 1. Behaviour of the System for different command
Commands / Input LCD Behaviour
LOCK N Car Lock Successful Activates Door lock, PIR & Accelerometer &
sends Acknowledgement SMS
68
If any of the 3 sensors detect
active Signal during locked state
Door Broken/ Intrusion
Detected/ Crash Detected Acknowledgement SMS With GPS Location
LOCK F Car Unlock Successful Acknowledgement SMS
LOCK T Car Position... Sends GPS information to owner
Immediately via SMS
LOCK B Car Brake Successful Activate Brakes & sends SMS
LOCK E Stop Engine Successful Stops the Engine & sends SMS
All types of activities of the system like sending SMS by the owner, LCD display and
acknowledgment through receiving SMS with respect to the commands are explained in
APPENDIX.
6. Conclusion
The experimental flow chart is found to have quite good response. The results are
satisfactory and show good repeatability. When any of the sensors detect intrusion or accident, it
sends SMS immediately. It takes about 5 to 10 seconds to receive the SMS in cell phone. Two
consecutive commands must be sent after an interval of 10 to 15 seconds. In the relay board,
Opto-couplers are used to completely separate two power sources and protect the controller
system. Decoupling capacitors are used in this system to stabilize the I/O characteristics. Fly back
Diodes are used in the relay circuit for protecting the system by removing the spikes when the
power of the relay coil is suddenly removed or disconnected. Performance factors will highly
vary according to the signal strength of the GSM communication, GPS satellite visibility etc.
Unwanted service SMS can create disturbance in the system.
Design of low cost anti-theft embedded system is a unique idea of researchers for real-time
monitoring of the vehicle through SMS. So far, the research work has been gone through to
monitor the vehicle but, in this novel work the system is able to control the vehicle too through
SMS by the owner to avoid theft.
7. Discussion
Human interference in the PIR sensor visible area should be avoided during the calibration
process, otherwise the system can behave in an undesired manner. Source code can be improved
to stop the potential interference caused by the GSM modem during the positional data
acquisition process. Magnetic reed switch can be replaced by some more precise and reliable
sensors with digital output. Instead of 2 controllers, only one can be incorporated but in that case,
the data acquisition process may be more troublesome. A good GPS antenna can be employed for
69
better reception of GPS signals. With the help of this flexible and upgradable microcontroller
system, many more features would be added in future according to fulfil the purpose of the
owner.
It is also useful in many other applications, such as, Asset Tracking system where companies
need to track valuable assets for insurance or other monitoring purposes. They can now plot the
real-time asset location on a map and closely monitor movement and operating status. This
system can be implemented in banking sector, accident situations & small scale industrial
purpose also.
References
[1] Y. Zhang, “Research on High Level Model and Performance Estimation” Southeast
University, China, PHD thesis, 2007.
[2] J. Teresko, , "Winning with wireless," Industry Week, 252(6), Available ProQuest, 2003.
[3] S. Ajaz, M. Asim, M. Ozair, M. Ahmed, M. Siddiqui, Z. Mushtaq, “Autonomous Vehicle
Monitoring & Tracking System,” Student Conference on Engineering Sciences and
Technology-2005 (SCONEST), proc., pp. 1 – 4, 2005.
[4] A.T. Hapsari, E.Y. Syamsudin and I. Pramana, “Design of Vehicle Position Tracking
System Using Short Message Services And Its Implementation on FPGA”, Asia South
Pacific Design Automation, Shanghai, China, proc. vol.2, pp. 319-320, Jan.2005.
[5] X. Fan, W. Xu, H. Chen and L. Liu, “A Composite Communication Scheme for Mobile
Object Management System (CCSMOMS)”, 20th International Conference on Advanced
Information Networking and Applications, Vienna, Austria, proc.vol. 2, issue 18-20, pp.
235–239, April 2006,.
[6] E.M. Tamil, D.B.Saleh and M.Y.I. Idris, “A Mobile Vehicle Tracking System with
GPS/GSM Technology”, 5th Student Conference on Research and Development
(SCORED), Permala Bangi, Malaysia, proc. pp.398-402, May 2007.
[7] M. Hsiao and S. K. J. Chang, “The Optimal Location Update Strategy of Cellular Network
Based Traffic Information System”, Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference-2006,
Toronto, ON, Canada, proc. pp.248-253, 17-20 Sep.,2006.
[8] M. A. Al-Taee, O. B. Khader, and N. A. Al-Saber,“ Remote monitoring of Automobile
diagnostics and location using a smart box with Global Positioning System and General
Packet Radio Service,” IEEE/ACS AICCSA, Amman, Jordan, proc. pp. 385–388, May 13–
16, 2007
[9] S. Lee, G. Tewolde and J. Kwon, “Design and Implementation of Vehicle Tracking System
Using GSM/GPS/GPRS Technology and Smart Phone Application” IEEE World Forum on
Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Seoul, South Korea, proc. pp.353-358, March 2014,
[10] B. Bhatt, P. Kalani, N. Parmar, N. Shingala, “Smart Vehicle Security System Using GSM
& GPS” International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 4, issue 6, pp.
12508-12511. June 2015,
[11] D. Shah, R. Nair, V. Parikh and V. Shah, “Accident Alarm System using GSM, GPS and
Accelerometer” International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering, vol. 3, issue 4, pp.3506-3511, April 2015
[12] P. Singh, T. Sethi, B. B. Biswal and S. K. Pattanayak, “A Smart Anti-theft System for
Vehicle Security” International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing, vol. 3,
no. 4, pp. 249-254, November 2015.
70
[13] R. Ramani, S. Valarmathy, N. Suthanthira Vanitha, S. Selvaraju, M. Thiruppathi, R.
Thangam, “Vehicle Tracking and Locking System Based on GSM and GPS”, International
Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications, vol. 09, pp. 86-93, 2013.
Appendix
When the anti-theft system is powered on it takes 1-2 minutes time to initialises itself as well
as communicates with GSM –GPS module to get “Ready…” and display on the LCD module as
shown in Fig. 5 subject to condition that GSM modem is connected with the mobile network.
When the owner sends SMS to activate the lock (LOCK N) as shown in Fig.6, the system
receives a command SMS as shown in Fig.7 in LCD display. The acknowledgment is displayed
in the liquid crystal display (LCD) as shown in Fig.8, when the car is locked through car door
lock relay and finally a confirmation SMS is sent to the owner as shown in Fig.9. Now the main
controller starts to monitor the sensor and if any valid signal is received, the system will alert the
owner through SMS. When PIR sensor detects the intrusion as shown in Fig.10, it sends a
message to the owner like “Intrusion Detected” as shown in Fig.11.When the door lock is broken
by unauthorized person as shown in Fig.12, then the owner will receive an SMS like “Door
Broken” as shown in Fig.13 or if the car is crashed as shown in Fig.14, the owner will receive an
SMS “Crash Detected” as given in Fig.15. So, when the owner gets intimation through SMS like
“Intrusion Detected” or “Door Broken” with present location (GPS) then the owner can send
SMS immediately for stopping the engine (LOCK E) and locking the brake (LOCK B) of the car
one by one. Simultaneously, the owner will get a return SMS which will confirm the same. But in
case of road accident of car, the owner will be informed through SMS as shown in Fig.16. Then
he will send SMS command to unlock the car immediately (LOCK F) as shown in Fig.17, so that,
the passengers can save themselves. The owner can get the actual car position (after theft or
accident) by sending the command SMS (LOCK T)
71
Fig.5. Initialization of the system
Fig.6. Sending SMS to activate the lock
Fig.7. SMS received for activating the LOCK
72
Fig.8. Acknowledgment of Car Locking
Fig.9. Acknowledgment SMS is being sent to the owner
Fig.10. Intrusion Detection
73
Fig.14. Crash Detected
Fig.15. Sending Crash alert to owner
Fig.16. Sending Command to turn off the Lock
75
top related