a traditional yard and its problems a homeowners guide · i i e f b a d c c k l t n h w s y z u v r...
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Few vertical vegetative layers • Providenohabitat
forwildlifethatneedlayerssuchasleaflitter,herbaceousplants,shrubs,understorytrees,and treecanopies.
• Leadtosoil erosionand pollution runoff, whichcancause poorwaterquality.
StepS to creating a healthy yard
Ask yourself: How diverse is my yard?
❒ Aretheretwoormorelayers(mulch,herbaceousplants,shrubs,
understorytrees,canopytrees)?
❒ DoIhaveamixofyoung,old,andmiddle-agedtrees?
❒ Aremytreesnativetomyarea?
Learn about native trees, shrubs, and perennials
❒ Takeacommunityeducationclassaboutnativeplants
❒ Visitanarboretum
Draw up a long-term plan to transform your yard slowly over time and
add diversity
❒ Chooseplantsthatwillcreatelayers
❒ Creategroupingsofplants,shrubs,andtreesalongedges,corners,
andhard-to-mowareas
❒ Workwithneighborstocreatelargeplantgroupingsacross
propertylines
❒Staggerplantingsovermanyyearstoachieveagediversity
❒ Plantseveraldifferentnativetrees,shrubs,andherbaceousplants
❒ Incorporateless-commonnativespecies
❒ Plantspeciesthatmimicnearbynaturalecosystems
Create a healthy growing environment
❒ Planttherighttree/shrubintherightplace,consideringthe
plant’sheightandspacingneeds,alongwithsoilsandsunlight
requirements
❒ Checkyoursoilfortype,compaction,drainage,pH
❒ Properlyplantyourtreesandshrubs(nottoodeep)
❒ Maintainyourtreesandshrubseachseason
❒ Properlymulcharoundtree
❒ Avoidtreesandshrubsthathaveinsectanddiseaseproblemssuch
asash,whicharesubjecttothedeadlyemeraldashborer
Control invasive plants and pests such as buckthorn, garlic mustard,
Dutch elm disease, and oak wilt.
Welcome your neighbors and show off your yard!
A TrAdiTionAl YArdand its problems
A H
OM
EOW
NER
’S G
UID
Eto
Cre
atin
ga
Hea
lthy
Yard
Herbaceous PlantsA. Hosta
ShrubsB. Lilac
Canopy TreesC. Green ashD. Norway mapleE. Red mapleF. Colorado blue spruce
D
C
Plant List
A
F
B B
E
N
Min
neso
ta D
epar
tmen
t of N
atur
al R
esou
rces
Div
isio
n of
For
estr
y
asphalt driveway
compacted soil
fenced yard
no mulch
North
tree planted too close to home
poorly formed tree
Few tree speciesCanbewipedoutbypestssuchasbudworms,emeraldashborer,andfungithattargetonekindoftree.Wipingoutmanyyardtreesatonceincreasesmaintenancecosts.
trees planted in the wrong place and the wrong wayCanleadtoanunhealthytreeandearlydeath,whichincreasemaintenancecosts.Avoidplantingtreestoodeep,tooshallow,andnearoverheadandundergroundutilitylines.
Few native tree speciesIsexpensive.Nonnativetreesaremorecostlytomaintain;canattractnonnative,opportunisticwildlife;andaremorelikelytodriveawaybeneficialwildlife.
cement steps and sidewalks
ReSouRCeSBenefitsofTreeswww.arborday.org/trees/benefits.cfm
ForestLayersfiles.dnr.state.mn.us/forestry/education/primer/chaptertwo.pdf
LandscapingWithNativePlantsmndnr.gov/gardens/nativeplants/index.html
MinnesotaShadeTreeAdvisoryCommitteewww.mnstac.org/
Minnesota’sNativeTreeSpecies files.dnr.state.mn.us/forestry/education/primer/appendixtwo.pdf
NativeWildflowersofMinnesotawww.minnesotawildflowers.info
PlantingTreesinYourCommunityForest extension.psu.edu/ipm/resources/pestproblemsolver/forest-shade/planting/view
ResidentialTreePlantingandCare:RightTree,RightPlace,RightWay mndnr.gov/treecare/residential.html
SeasonalCareforTreesandShrubsinNorthernU.S.Climateswww.myminnesotawoods.umn.edu/2008/04/seasonal-care-for-trees-and-shrubs-in-northern-u-s-climates-2/
TerrestrialInvasiveSpecies—IdentificationandManagement mndnr.gov/invasives/terrestrial_id.html
TheRightTreeBrochurewww.mnpower.com/treebook/
Tree&ShrubSelection:RecommendedTreesforMinnesotabyRegion www.myminnesotawoods.umn.edu/2008/11/recommended-trees-for-minnesota-by-region/
TreeOwner’sManualfortheNortheasternandMidwesternUnitedStates na.fs.fed.us/urban/treeownersmanual/
©2012,StateofMinnesota,DepartmentofNaturalResources FO-384-12
DepartmentofNaturalResources 500LafayetteRoad St.Paul,MN55155-4040 651-296-6157(MetroArea)or1-888-MINNDNR(646-6367)(MNToll-Free) mndnr.gov
EqualopportunitytoparticipateinandbenefitfromprogramsoftheMinnesotaDepartmentofNaturalResourcesisavailabletoallindividualsregardlessofrace,color,creed,religion,nationalorigin,sex,maritalstatus,publicassistancestatus,age,sexualorientation,disability,oractivityonbehalfofalocalhumanrightscommission.DiscriminationinquiriesshouldbesenttoMinnesotaDNR,500LafayetteRoad,St.Paul,MN55155-4049;ortheEqualOpportunityOffice,DepartmentoftheInterior,Washington,DC20240.
Thisdocumentisavailableinalternativeformatstoindividualswithdisabilities.
Printedonrecycledpapercontaining 30percentpost-consumerfiber.
ProjectManager:JenniferTeegarden GraphicArtist:AmyBeyer
Compacted soils • Providenospaceforwater,oxygen,
nutrients,androomforrootstogrow,whichdecreasesatree’shealth.
• Increaserunoffandfloodingpotentialbecausewatercan’tinfiltratethesoil.
uninteresting view from deck
leaning tree
Ground covered mostly by lawn • Isexpensive.Mulchnaturallyfertilizes
soils.Nomulchmeansthatthesoilisexposedtoerosion,lessabletoholdmoistureandnutrients,andneedsmorewaterandfertilizer.Mulchalsoprotectstreerootsfromdamage.
• Islessvisuallyinterestinganddoesnotprovidefoodandshelterforwildlife.
trees all the same age Diearoundthesametimeandleavebiggaps.Removingandreplacingtreesallatoncemaybecostly.
Collectpollutants,increaserunoff,andraisethepotentialforfloodingbypreventingwaterfrominfiltratingsoils,whichleadstopoorwaterquality.
Impervious surfaces such as
asphalt and concrete
120'
90'
I
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F
BA
DC
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L
T
N
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W
S
Y
Z
U
V
R
Q Q
Herbaceous PlantsA. Prairie dropseedB. Little bluestemC. Purple coneflower D. Rough blazing star E. Wild geraniumF. Jacob’s ladderG. BloodrootH. Wild gingerI. Cardinal flowerJ. Swamp milkweed
Low ShrubsK. Wild red raspberryL. Sweet lowbush blueberryM. Snowberry N. Low serviceberryO. Black chokeberry
High ShrubsP. American hazelQ. LilacsR. NannyberryS. Red-osier dogwood T. American highbush cranberry U. Ninebark
Understory TreesV. Northern white cedarW. Blue beech
Canopy TreesX. Red maple Y. White oakZ. White spruce
M
P
G
N
Plant List
X
OJ
Multiple vegetative layers (canopy, understory, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and leaf litter)
• Savemoney.Keepingleavesmeans nocostlytripstothecompostsite,free fertilizerforyou,andlesswateruse.
• Savemoney.Layersprovidecoolingshadeandprotectionfromwindandsnowtobuildings androads.
• Cleanwater.Layersinterceptrainfallandpreventrainandpollutantsfromenteringstormsewersandwatertreatmentplants.
Young, old, and “middle-aged” trees • Aremoreresilient.Treesindifferentstagesof
lifeblossom,seed,anddieindifferentyears,notallatonce.
• Createmultiplevegetativelayersthatarehabitatforadiversityofbeneficialwildlife.
• Provideamorevisuallyinteresting landscape.
A HEALTHY YArdand its benefits
Interesting natural features such as stumps, logs, and tall perennialsAttractbeneficialwildlife,happychildren,andappreciativeonlookers!
Mulch to protect the soilSavesmoney.Mulch—whetherwoodchipsorleaveschoppedwiththelawnmower—helpscoolsoilandroots,retainsmoisture,andpreventserosionfromraindropimpactandsedimentsfromenteringwatersystems.
driveway made of permeable pavers
mulch around all plantings and trees
window-height bird feeders
gutter wateringsystem sloped away from house
compost area
North
deck with a view
prairie/butterfly garden
landscaping with natural elements
fenced fruit and vegetable garden
Arbor Month May 2012mndnr.gov/arbormonth
permeable surfacesReducerainwaterrunoffandtrappollutants.
property valueAyardwithwell-maintainedmaturetreesandnativeplantscanincreasetheproperty’svaluebyupto20percent.
rain gardens, which “catch” draining water, require digging out compacted soils and amending with compost
A variety of native trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants
• Savesmoney.Nativeplantsneedlesswaterandmaintenancewhenadaptedtolocalconditionsandrainfall.
• Isresilient.Avarietyofnativeplantsprotectsagainst
90'
120'
permeable driveway pavers
large-scaledevastationfromtreepestssuchasemeraldashborer.
• Provideshabitatforbeneficialwildlifesuchassongbirds,butterflies,andmosquito-eatingbats,frogs,andtoads.
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