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EditorsTarek SobhEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of BridgeportBridgeport, CT, USA
Khaled ElleithyComputer Science and EngineeringUniversity of BridgeportBridgeport, CT, USA
ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic)ISBN 978-3-319-06772-8 ISBN 978-3-319-06773-5 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-06773-5Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014953842
# Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material isconcerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproductionon microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronicadaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or materialsupplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by thepurchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of theCopyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained fromSpringer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations areliable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does notimply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws andregulations and therefore free for general use.While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither theauthors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may bemade. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
Performance Improvement in Public Administrations
by Organizational Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Margareth Stoll and Dietmar Laner
From Information Security Management to Enterprise
Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Margareth Stoll
Information System Engineering Promotes Enterprise
Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Margareth Stoll and Dietmar Laner
Simulation Study on the Performance of Reactive and Position-Based
Routing Protocols in MANET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Khaldoon Al-Shouiliy, Raed Alsaqour, and Mueen Uddin
A New Approach for Buffer Queueing Evaluation Under
Network Flows with Multi-scale Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Jeferson Wilian de Godoy Stenico and Lee Luan Ling
Polynomial Compensation of Odd Symmetric Nonlinear Actuators
via Neural Network Modeling and Neural Network Describing Function . . . . . . . 39
O. Kuljaca, K. Horvat, J. Gadewadikar, and B. Tare
Stream Collision Management in MIMO Ad-Hoc Network Sustaining
the Lower Bound of QoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Viktor Zaharov, Angel Lambertt, and Olena Polyanska
On Query-Based Search of Possible Design Flaws of SQL Databases . . . . . . . . . . 53
Erki Eessaar
An Architecture for Mobile Context Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Chad Williams and Jisna Mathew
An Actuated Tail Increases Rapid Acceleration Manoeuvres
in Quadruped Robots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Amir Patel and M. Braae
PlantsVN: An User-Friendly Software for Creating and Managing
Personal Plant Database and for Plant Family Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Nguyen Van Sinh
An Automated Tool to Support the Software Design Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Fernando Uceda-Ponga and Gerardo Ayala-San Martin
A Low-Cost Force Measurement Solution Applicable
for Robotic Grippers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
R.V. Sharan and G.C. Onwubolu
ix
Analyzing Operating Systems’ Behavior to Crafted Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Thusith Abeykoon, Kasun Abeykoon, and Tirthankar Ghosh
An Access Control Model for a Grid Environment Employing
Security-as-a-Service Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
E.K. Olatunji, M.O. Adigun, and E. Jembere
Comparison of Collaborative-Filtering Techniques
for Small-Scale Student Performance Prediction Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Stefan Pero and Tomas Horvath
Career Center System Software Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Taner Arsan, Safa Cimenli, and Erhan Gunes
Mobile Camera Source Identification with SVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
A.-R. Soobhany, K.P. Lam, P. Fletcher, and D.J. Collins
Comparison of Manual and Image Processing Methods
of End-Milling Burr Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
R.V. Sharan and G.C. Onwubolu
Automatic Image Annotation for Description of Urban
and Outdoor Scenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Claudia Cruz-Perez, Oleg Starostenko, Vicente Alarcon-Aquino,
and Jorge Rodriguez-Asomoza
Autonomous Mapping and Navigation Through Utilization
of Edge-Based Optical Flow and Time-to-Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Madhu Krishnan, Mike Wu, Young H. Kang, and Sarah Lee
NS2IT: Simplification of Computer Network Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Martin Nagy and Peter Magula
Survey on Decentralized Modular Robots and Control Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Tamer AbuKhalil, Tarek Sobh, and Madhav Patil
Utilising Fuzzy Rough Set Based on Mutual Information Decreasing
Method for Feature Reduction in an Image Retrieval System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Maryam Shahabi Lotfabadi, Mohd Fairuz Shiratuddin,
and Kok Wai Wong
IR-UWB with Multiple-Access Differential Detection Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Walid Mahmoud
Digital System for the Study of Fast Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Florin Grofu and Constantin Cercel
A Location-Based Movie Advisor Application for Android Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Taner Arsan, Aykut Cay{r, Hande Nur Umur, Tugce Guney,
and Buke Panya
Eye Tracking and Head Movements Detection to Assist People
with Disabilities: Unveiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Amer Al-Rahayfeh and Miad Faezipour
A Comparative Study of Simulation Based Performance Evaluation
of Routing Protocol for Ad-Hoc Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Ola Alsaqour, Raed Alsaqour, Tariq Alahdal, Rashid Saeed,
and Mohammed Al-Hubaishi
x Contents
Vulnerability Studies of E2E Voting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Lauretha Rura, Biju Issac, and Manas Haldar
Reliability Assessment of an Intelligent Approach to Corporate
Sustainability Report Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Amir Mohammad Shahi, Biju Issac, and Jashua Rajesh Modapothala
Ubiquitous Text Transfer Using Sound a Zero-Infrastructure
Alternative for Simple Text Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Kuruvilla Mathew and Biju Issac
Web Based Testing in Science Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
M. Hostovecky, M. Misut, and K. Pribilova
Determination of Optimal Hyper- and Multispectral Image Channels
by Spectral Fractal Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Veronika Kozma-Bognar and Jozsef Berke
ICT as a Mean for Enhancing Flexibility and Quality of Mathematical
Subjects Teaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Maria Misutova and Martin Misut
Efficient High-Level Coding in a PLC to FPGA Translation
and Implementation Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Christoforos Economakos and George Economakos
Modeling a Cold Rolling Mill for Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Meshack M. Nzioki
Technological Development in Therapeutic Applications
of Alternating Electric Fields: Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
S. Talele
Multi-Touch Gesture Recognition Using Feature Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Francisco R. Ortega, Naphtali Rishe, Armando Barreto,
Fatemeh Abyarjoo, and Malek Adjouadi
Model Driven Testing for Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Jessica Oliveira, Denivaldo Lopes, Zair Abdelouahab,
Daniela Claro, and Slimane Hammoudi
Implementing a Sensor Fusion Algorithm for 3D Orientation
Detection with Inertial/Magnetic Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Fatemeh Abyarjoo, Armando Barreto, Jonathan Cofino,
and Francisco R. Ortega
Introducing Problem-Based Learning in a Joint Masters Degree:
Offshoring Information Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Vincent Ribaud and Philippe Saliou
Composition of Learning Routes Using Automatic Planning
and Web Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Ingrid-Durley Torres and Jaime Alberto Guzman-Luna
A Novel Dual-Error Approach to System Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
H. Greeff
On Verification of the Software Development Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Deniss Kumlander
Contents xi
Control-Flow Checking Using Binary Encoded Software Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . 345
H. Severınova, J. Abaffy, and T. Krajcovic
Transformation of the Software Testing Glossary
into a Browsable Concept Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Guntis Arnicans and Uldis Straujums
Metallographic Image Processing Tools Using Mathematica Manipulate . . . . . . . 357
Sara McCaslin and Adarsh Kesireddy
Using Mathematica to Accurately Approximate the Percent
Area of Grains and Phases in Digital Metallographic Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Adarsh Kesireddy and Sara McCaslin
Real-Time Indexing of Complex Data Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Petr Chmelar, Michal Drozd, Michal Sebek, and Jaroslav Zendulka
Self-Organized Teams: A Contradictory Technique
to Motivate Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Deniss Kumlander
Pre-MEGa: A Proposed Framework for the Design and Evaluation
of Preschoolers’ Mobile Educational Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Laila Shoukry, Christian Sturm, and Galal H. Galal-Edeen
A Review on Three Dimensional Facial Averaging for the Assessment
of Orthodontic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Syed M.S. Islam, Mithran S. Goonewardene, and Mauro Farella
Reducing Stereotypes of Women in Technology Through Analysis
of Videogame Blog Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Reva Freedman and Georgia Brown
Improving Student Learning While Converting a Computer
Architecture Course to Online Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Reva Freedman
Bioclimatic Modelling: A Machine Learning Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Maumita Bhattacharya
nFTP: An Approach to Improve Performance of FTP Protocol
on the Virtual Network Environment in the Same Physical Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Nguyen Tan Cam, Huynh Van Tho, Nguyen Hoang Sang, and Cao Dang Tan
Hardware Architecture Review of Swarm Robotics System:
Self Reconfigurability, Self Reassembly and Self Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Madhav Patil, Tamer Abukhalil, Sarosh Patel, and Tarek Sobh
Internet and Transdisciplinary Based Teamwork Formula
for Elaborating a Bachelor’s or a Master’s Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Liciniu A. Kovacs and Mihai F. Talpos
A Dynamic Pricing Algorithm for Super Scheduling
of Computational Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Reihaneh Bazoubandi and Fatemeh Abdoli
A Comparative Analysis of Bayesian Nonparametric Inference
Algorithms for Acoustic Modeling in Speech Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
John Steinberg, Amir Harati, and Joseph Picone
xii Contents
Requirements Based Estimation Approach for System
Engineering Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Radek Silhavy, Petr Silhavy, and Zdenka Prokopova
Improvement of the Time Calculation of Cloud Radiance
of One Atmosphere by the Method TDMAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Bouya Diop, Adoum M. Moussa, and Abdou K. Farota
Process of Transformation, Storage and Data Analysis
for Data Mart Enlargement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Zdenka Prokopova, Petr Silhavy, and Radek Silhavy
Exact Algorithm for Matrix-Based Multilevel
Project Planning Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Zsolt T. Kosztyan
Operation of a Microgrid System with Distributed Energy
Resources and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Linfeng Zhang, Xingguo Xiong, and Junling Hu
The SOC Estimation of a Lead Acid Rechargeable Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Linfeng Zhang and Xingguo Xiong
Fast Computation of Frobenius Map Iterates in Optimal
Extension Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Walid Mahmoud
Product Owner Responsibilities in the Project Assurance Process:
Bridging Uncertainties Gaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
D. Kumlander
Micro Design and Value Analysis. The Selection
of the Material for Die . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Florin Chichernea and Ana Veteleanu
The Internet of Things in Community Safety and Crime
Prevention for South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Nomusa Dlodlo, Paul Mbecke, Mofolo Mofolo, and Martin Mhlanga
Research Trends in Existing Technologies that are Building Blocks
to the Internet of Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
Nomusa Dlodlo, Mofolo Mofolo, Lionel Masoane,
Stanley Mncwabe, George Sibiya, and Lawrence Mboweni
Efficient Partitioning and Allocation of Data for Workload Queries . . . . . . . . . . . 549
Annamaria V. Kish, John R. Rose, and Csilla Farkas
Toward the Automatic Construction of Strategic Plans
Based on Ontologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Liliana Ibeth Barbosa-Santillan, Jose Pablo Nuno-de-la-Parra,
Juan Jaime Sanchez-Escobar, and Carlos Arturo Vega-Lebrun
E-Learning Environments: Actor Network Theoretic Inspirations
into Localized Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Ashoka Jayawardena
Educational Tools: A Review of Interfaces of Mobile-Augmented
Reality (mAR) Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Siti Salmi Jamali, Mohd Fairuz Shiratuddin, and Kok Wai Wong
Contents xiii
Automatic Extraction of Relationships Among Software Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Asma Hachemi and Mohamed Ahmed-Nacer
Smart Email: Almost An Agent Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Magdalena Godlewska and Bogdan Wiszniewski
Improving Trace Analysis Using Ontologies for Hardware Resourcing . . . . . . . . . 591
Manuel Corona-Perez, Gerardo Padilla-Zarate,
and Liliana Ibeth Barbosa Santillan
An Energy Efficient Self-healing Mechanism for Long Life
Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Dame Diongue and Ousmane Thiare
Novel Steganography over HTML Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
Ammar Odeh, Khaled Elleithy, Miad Faezipour, and Eman Abdelfattah
Secure Cost Effective M-Learning Through Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
K. Kartheeban and M. Venkatesulu
A Multi-Level Privacy Scheme for Securing Data
in a Cloud Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Ezekiel K. Olatunji, Matthew O. Adigun, and Paul Tarwireyi
xiv Contents
PlantsVN: An User-Friendly Software for Creatingand Managing Personal Plant Databaseand for Plant Family Identification
Nguyen Van Sinh
Abstract
PlantsVN is a software that combines the plant database functions with the utility of family
identification of plant specimen. PlantsVN allows users to create and manage personal
plant database and identify plant specimen. Apart from the software accompanied key, the
users can easily create own keys using the key file child window. The result of the
identification is documented by displaying all the taxa of the plant database matched
with the characters of the plant specimen.
This paper describes the technique of integrating the plant identification utility into the
plant database software that has been used in PlantsVN-software. The paper also document
on the functionality of the PlantsVN-software that is free available at the website of the
Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technol-
ogy (http://iebr.ac.vn/pages/1PlantsVN.asp).
Keywords
User-Friendly software � Personal plant database � Plant family identification
Introduction
There is a wide range of plant databases. A plant database
can be large and include plants of a region [7], or of a whole
country [12]. But a plant database can also be created for an
arboretum [6]. The plant databases are useful not only for
management of plant resources of various types but also for
research and education, as the browsing through a plant
database give us much information.
There are also many softwares for plant identification, but
not all of them are dedicated to work with a database. An
example is the internet based system for world wide
flowering plant family identification developed by Ray Phil-
lips at Colby College [8]. Following are the two softwares
that can be embedded to a plant database.
The INTKEYofM.J. Dallwitz, T.A. Paine and E.J. Zurcher
at CSIRO Division of Entomology [2, 3, 5] is an interactive
program for identifying a specimen by comparing it with
stored description. It works also with an database. However,
in order to create keys for this software, the users have to learn
the DELTA system that is rather complicated [1].
The SLIKS of Gerald F. Guala [4] is a Javascript program
for integrating into websites. SLIKS is being used on USDA
website with keys for several plant groups. However, to use
SLIKS the users have to know Java Script in order to create
data file [11], what is not the case for many botanists.
PlantsVN has been developed under the concept of intelli-
gent plant database and allows the user to either create and
manage plant database and to identify plant specimen. This
conceptmeans to combine the plant database functionswith the
utility of plant specimen identification in a database software.
Nevertheless, the software is very user-friendly. Even creating
the keys for PlantsVN is almost as easy as typing plain text.
This paper describes the technique of integrating the plant
identification utility into the plant database software that has
been used in PlantsVN-software. The paper also document on
N. Van Sinh (*)
Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy
of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do,
Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
e-mail: vansinh.nguyen@iebr.ac.vn
T. Sobh and K. Elleithy (eds.), Innovations and Advances in Computing, Informatics,Systems Sciences, Networking and Engineering, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 313,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-06773-5_11, # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
77
the functionality of the PlantsVN-software that is free avail-
able at the website of the Institute of Ecology and Biological
Resources, VietnamAcademy of Science and Technology [9].
Material and Methods
Delphi XE Professional Workstation ESD (item number:
2010111885211109) of the Embarcadero company [10] has
been used to create PlantsVN computer program.
The basic unit of the database is plant picture, PlantsVN
uses an array of records to hold information of pictures with
following fields: Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species, Picture. Html is the format that PlantsVN uses to
displays the database records. In the html file, there are links
to text and image (.jpg) files for each taxon that is higher
ordered than species (Division, Class, Order, Family,
Genus). The users create these files and copy them to the
application folder in order to use these links in html.
The format for the text file name is as follows:
TaxonName_E.txt
The format for the image file name is as follows:
TaxonName.jpg
Editing database means changing information of the
records. Updating database adds records to the database
array. Deleting will erase records from database array.
The identification method in PlantsVN is to compare the
user input characters with character sets of taxons stored in
key file (*.ide). For the key that accompanies the software,
there is a dialog box for user to check specimen characters.
For the keys made by users, PlantsVN displays a dialog box
with two list boxes for user to choose specimen characters.
The identification result is a list of one or more families that
have all the characters of the specimen.
The users can create their own identification keys in a text
child window called ‘Key file child window’ and store them
in a file with the extention ‘.ide’. The format for the identifi-
cation key file of plant families is as follows:
Plant_family_name ¼ \\character1\\character2\\. . .charactern\\
The interaction between identification utility and the
database is realized as follows: After identification process,
PlantsVN searches records of the database that belong to
plant family (or families) in the identification result list,
create a html file of them (_plantsVN.html) and display it.
User Interface of PlantsVN
Symbols and Declared File Formats of PlantsVN
The PlantsVN software has the symbol of a
plant leaf, this symbol is assigned to the application file
(PlantsVN.exe):
PlantsVN declared following two file formats:
1. The database file format: the file extension is ‘.plt’; the
symbol is:
2. The identification key file: the extension is ‘.ide’; the
symbol is:
Once the PlantsVN software has been installed with using
installation file, double clicking on a database file name
(*.plt) in Windows Explorer of Microsoft Corporation will
cause PlantsVN starting with opening the file.
The Main Window
Main window of PlantsVN (Fig. 1) has a menu bar and a tool
bar. The menu items and their functions are presented in the
Table 1. The buttons and their functions are presented in
the Table 2. The html-file of database records is displayed
in this window.
Key File Child Window
Key file child window (Fig. 2) is a text editor and is dedi-
cated for processing the key file. Each line consists of all
characters of a plant family and begins with the name of the
plant family. Following the name of the plant family are two
characters: ‘¼\\’. After that are the descriptive characters of
the plant family. Each descriptive character ends with an
double backslash ‘\\’.
Working with Database
To work with database we have at first to open it by choosing
‘Open database’ menu item or clicking on the relevant
button. In the installation package there is an initial database
file ‘347.plt’. The main name of the database file is the
number of records. The initial database file consists of 347
records of 347 families.
To add a new record, we choose the relevant menu
item and fill in the text boxes in the appeared dialog box
(Fig. 3).
To delete a record, we choose the relevant menu item
and select the record number, then click the OK-button
(Fig. 4). Once a record is deleted, the associated with it
picture is also deleted.
To edit record, we choose the relevant menu and choose
the record in the appeared dialog box (Fig. 5) by changing
record number, then edit the information in text boxes.
78 N. Van Sinh
Fig. 1 Main window of
PlantsVN
Table 1 Menu items of PlantsVN
Menu/Submenu
item Function
Open database Open a database file (.plt)
Display database
structure
Display the dialog box with
structure of database
Add a record Display a dialog box for adding a
new record to the database
Edit a record Display a dialog box with a record
for editing
Delete a record Display a dialog box for selecting
and deleting a record
Statistics of the
whole database
Display a dialog box with statistics
on number of taxons of the whole
database
Statistics of the
selected records
Display a dialog box with statistics
on number of taxons of the
selected records
Identification
of flowering plants
families
Display a dialog box with
characters, user can check the
characters of his specimen to
identify family
New key file child
window
Open a text window so that user
can open and edit a key file or
compile a new key
Identification with
key file
Open a key file and show
characters in dialog box, user can
choose the characters of his
specimen to identify family
Create and display
html from database
Create a html file of all records and
display it
Fit the picture to
window
Click to check or uncheck, if
checked the picture will be fitted to
window
Computer system
info
Display the information of the
computer system in a dialog box
About Display information about the
author of the software
Table 2 Buttons on the toolbar of PlantsVN
Button Function
Open a database file (.plt)
Switch on/off the database
browsing mode
The first: Select the record
The second: Scale the picture
Switch on/off browsing pictures
of a species
Display the dialog box with
structure of database
Display a dialog box with characters,
user can check the characters
of his specimen to identify family
Open a key file and show characters
in dialog box, user can choose
the characters of his specimen
to identify family
Create a html file of all records
and display it
In html mode: go to previous page
PlantsVN: An User-Friendly Software for Creating and Managing Personal Plant. . . 79
To look at the database structure we choose the menu
item ‘Display database structure’ or click on the relevant
button. In the appeared dialog box, we can choose to see
different taxons (Fig. 6). Once we click on one taxon, the
next lower ordered taxons will be displayed in the next
column.
Click on the name of a taxon and then click on the column
name on the top of the column (Division, Class, Order,
Family, Genus or Family), PlantsVN will display all its
lower ordered taxons in html-format (Fig. 7).
In order to browse through pictures of a species, we
double click on its name in the last column of the database
structure dialog box. The first picture of the species will be
displayed in the main window (Fig. 8). After that we click on
the ‘Browse species pictures’ button to change the pictures.
While browsing pictures of a species, we can change their
size (by using the relevant button) and move them around
using the mouse (by keeping mouse down and moving it).
To switch on the database browsing mode we click on
the relevant button. While being in this mode, we can
use the relevant up-down button to change the records.
Once a record is selected, the taxon information will be
displayed in the title bar and the associated picture will be
displayed in the main window. We can change the picture
size and move it around like during browsing pictures of
a species.
Fig. 2 Key file child window
for key file processing
Fig. 3 Dialog box for adding
records
80 N. Van Sinh
We can get statistics either for the whole database or for
the selected records by choosing relevant menu. The results
will be displayed in a dialog box (Fig. 9).
Identifying Plant Specimen
When we choose the menu ‘Identification of flowering
plant families’ or click on the relevant button, a dialog box
with check-button-characters will appear (Fig. 10). Click to
check the characters that the specimen has, then click on
the OK-button, the matched taxons will be displayed in
html-format. This procedure is applied only for the software
accompanied key.
Choosing the menu ‘Identification with key file’ or clicking
on relevant button will cause the PlantsVN displaying the
dialog box for identification with key file (Fig. 11).
In order to work with a key file, we click on the Open
button on this dialog box and choose the key file in the
Fig. 4 Dialog box for deleting
records
Fig. 5 Dialog box for editing
records
PlantsVN: An User-Friendly Software for Creating and Managing Personal Plant. . . 81
Fig. 6 Displaying database structure dialog box
Fig. 7 Displaying the lower
ordered taxons of Typhales
Fig. 8 Browsing pictures
of Typha angustifolia
appeared open file dialog box. PlantsVN will open the file,
display all the characters of the key file in the left list box.
We choose the characters that match our specimen and click
the arrow button to transfer them to the right list box. After
that we click on OK-button to order PlantsVN to finish the
identification process. If records have been selected before
(by choosing taxon, or even by identification), we can order
the PlantsVN to search matched taxons only from these
records by checking the check-button at the bottom of the
dialog box.
Discussion and Conclusions
A personal database with integrated identification utility
might be very useful for the people involved with plants.
Creating, updating and browsing a plant database are
helpful for remembering the species, however referencing
the database with using integrated identification utility
might contribute more to the success of plant studies.
That is why PlantsVN might be useful for students and
plant scientists.
Most keys are now created for the plant taxons in the form
of dichotomous key. But dichotomous keys are less flexible
than polyclave ones. One of the reasons might be the lack of
a user-friendly tool for creating and using polyclave keys.
Regarding these reasons PlantsVN might be useful for plant
taxonomists.
Acknowledgement The Vietnam Academy of Science and Technol-
ogy has supported this work through the project VAST04.08/13-14.
Fig. 10 Dialog box for identification of plant families
Fig. 9 Statistics results
PlantsVN: An User-Friendly Software for Creating and Managing Personal Plant. . . 83
References
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Fig. 11 Identification with key file
84 N. Van Sinh
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