”a sustainable solution” - columbia engineering 2008 waste manageme… · 1 ”maximum...

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”Maximum recycling of Material and Energy,Minimum of Landfilling”

”A Sustainable Solution”

Håkan Rylander, CEO

SYSAV, South Scania Waste Company, Sweden

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The Waste Problem can only be solved withan Integrated Waste Management

- with a Combination of Methods

Maximum Recycling, Minimum landfilling

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Driving Forces

Legislation – Laws, Directives et cEnvironmental Awareness/Environmental EngagementEducation and Information

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EU Waste hierarchy

Composting and BiologicalTreatment are included in ”Recycling”.

”Waste-to-Energy” is now defined as Recycling, when energy efficiency is > 0,65

Prevention

Reuse

Recycling

Other recovery

Disposal

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Landfill Ban and Landfill Taxes

Driving Forces towards Materials Recycling and Waste-to Energy?

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European Policies on Landfill Ban

The EU Landfill DirectiveThe amount of biodegradable waste has to decrease with 35% until 2016, compared with the situation in 1994.

(UK and Ireland extension until 2020, for the 12 new EU-members until 2025)

Ban already in a number of countries on landfilling of biodegradable waste. The Ban often completed with a Landfill Tax.

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European Policies on Landfill Ban

European Examples on the effect

of Landfill Ban and of Landfill Taxes

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Germany

Landfill Ban decided upon in 2000, in force in 2005.

A very strong effect, with a strong increase of Waste-to-Energy, and other recycling methods.

However, initially, a lot of waste flowing out of Germany due to a significant lack of Waste-to-Energy capacity.

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Austria

As Germany, but Ban in force already in 2002. Landfill Tax since 1997/98. Increased Waste-to-Energy but also of other recycling methods.

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Denmark

Landfill Ban in force already in the 1990-ies, as well as a Landfill Tax.Increased Waste-to-Energy and material recyclingAt the beginning a lot of believe and investments in biological treatment, but more or less closed down for environmental (odours) and economical reasons.

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United Kingdom

No Landfill Ban (extension until 2020)About 60% of the household waste is still landfilled. Slow advancement of material recycling as well as of Waste-to-Energy.

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Landfill Ban and Landfill Taxes

Driving Forces towards Materials Recycling and Waste-to Energy?

YES!

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Producers Responsibility

EU Directive on Recycling of Packaging Waste in force in 1995 – with recycling targets for different packagings.

Implemented as full or shared producers responsibility in different countries (by law in Austria, Germany and Sweden)

Resulting in increased material recycling (of packagings).

EU Directive on full Producers Responsibility on WEEE, Batteries and End-of-Life-Vehicles.

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Producers Responsibility, a Driving Force towards Material

Recycling?

Yes!

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Treatment of Household wastein the EU 27 in 2006

Source: EUROSTAT

Recycling (incl. composting)

Waste-to Energy

Landfill

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Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste in the EU 27 in 2006

Source: EUROSTAT

41% of Municipal Solid Waste across the EU 27 is still landfilled,

Although landfill gases (methane) contribute significantly to global warming (methane equals 23 times CO2).

AMOUNTS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE IN EU AND US

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Aims and TargetsAims & Targets by the Swedish Parliament

Reduced waste flow50% recycling of household waste (MSW), including organic waste, to 201035% recycling of food waste in household waste to 2010

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Law and EnforcementSWEDEN:

Sorting regulationsProducers responsibilityLandfill ban on combustible waste 2002, ban on organic waste 2005

EU:Landfill directiveIncineration directiveWEEE directiveFramework directive review

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Producers ResponsibilityProducers; importers, producers, fillers etc to take the responsibility for the collection and recovery of waste paper; 75% recycling targetPackaging waste; different recycling targets (EU + Swedish law)Deposit fee systems for ALcans (refillable glass bottles and refillable PET bottles)Recycling system at drop off centresWEEE, recycling target (EU law). Sweden is the World leader in WEE recycling

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The Infrastructure2 000 000 collection points for household waste13 000 drop-off centres for batteries7 000 drop-off centres for packaging waste and waste paper1 000 recycling centres for bulky waste, garden waste, hazardous waste etc. 120 landfills30 waste-to-energy facilities30 biological treatment facilities

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Goal:Maximum recycling of Material and Energy, Minimum of landfilling.

At the heart of the eco-cycle

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Kävlinge

Lund

StaffanstorpSjöbo

Tomelilla

Simrishamn

YstadSkurupTrelleborg

Svedala

Vellinge

Malmö

Lomma

Europe

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BurlövKävlingeLommaLundMalmöSimrishamnSjöboSkurupStaffanstorpSvedalaTomelillaTrelleborgVellingeYstad

50 km

100 km

The SYSAV region14 Municipalities/Local Authorities

Kävlinge

Lund

StaffanstorpSjöbo

Tomelilla

Simrishamn

YstadSkurupTrelleborg

Svedala

Vellinge

Malmö

LommaBurlöv

S C A N I A

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The Sysav Group handled 902 000 tonnes of waste in 2007

Household Waste

Bulky Waste

Industrial Waste

Building and Construction Waste

Hospital Waste

Hazardous Waste

Electronic Waste

with

a Combination of Methods

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The eco-cycle model

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Sysav Hazardous WasteSecure handling of hazardous waste fromindustries and households

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Building Material Recycling Shop- reuse and selling of construction and demolition material, in co-operation withMalmö Local Authority Service Administration

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SydåtervinningRecycling of waste paper

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ÅGABRecycling of gravel, asphalt and concrete etc.

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A total annual incineration of 550 000 tonnes of waste, with an energy production of

• 1 500 000 MWh of heat and

• 250 000 MWh of electricity,

corresponds to 60 percent of the district heating demand of the municipalities of Malmöand Burlöv.

Waste provides electricity and heat

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Dioxin to air 1985 – 2005 in Sweden

0

2 000 000

4 000 000

6 000 000

8 000 000

10 000 000

12 000 000

14 000 000

1985 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060

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40

60

80

100

120

Energy prod. MWh Incineration, ton Dioxin (to air), g

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The Swedish Example

The amount of incinerated waste has been more than doubled from 1985-2006,

while the energy production has been quadrubled, and

most of the emissions have decreased with 99%.

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Bottom ash recycling- of metals and gravels

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• Separate collection of food waste

• Plant for pre-treatment of food waste, capacity 25 000 tonnes

• Fermentation of the slurry in a separate bioreactor

• Upgrading of the biogas for the production of heat, power or fuel

• Production of a bio-fertilizer

Food waste becomes fuel and fertilizer

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The Spillepeng Landfill – a Recycling Site

Sorting

Recycling

Composting

Final Landfilling

Recovery of landfill gas

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ScenariosSYSAVYear 2010

Main scenario:Business-as-planned

Alternative scenarios:100% landfillingElectricity production at incineration only

GHG

Incineration: 530 000 tAnaerobic digestion: 25 000 tComposting: 55 000 tLandfilling: 60 000 t

Landfilling only

Same as ”business-as-planned”

Waste treatmentin the scenarios

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Main results Total emissions of Green House Gases

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Business-as-plannedat Sysav

100 % landfillingElectricity productionat incineration only

kton

nes

CO

2-eq

/yea

r

Emissions from complementary production of servicesDirect emissions from the waste management system (Sysav)

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The Sysav Group 2007(tonnes)

Household waste 382 300Industrial waste 294 700Hazardous waste 52 000Newspapers, cardboard, boxes e t c 72 300Heavy masses, asphalt, gravel e t c 100 900In total 902 200

Recycling 94 %MaterialsBiological treatmentWaste-to-energy

Final deposition 6 %

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Årtal

ÅterviDepon

Recovery versus LandfillingSysav 2000-2005

Year

Recovery

Landfilling%

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The Waste Problem is solved withan Integrated Waste Mangagement

- with a Combination of Methods

Maximum recycling - Minimum Landfilling

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Thank youfor your attention!