a.all of the above b.none of the above c.1 and 4 d.1 and 3 which of the following statements are...

A.All of the aboveB.None of the above

C.1 and 4D.1 and 3

Which of the following statements are true regarding access preparation?

1. The objective of entry is to give direct access to the pulp chamber, not merely the canal orifices.

2. Access cavity preparations are similar to operative occlusal preparations

3. The likely interior anatomy of a tooth under treatment need not be determined before entry

since unroofing will reveal canal orifice locations.4. The rubber dam should always be placed before

initial access preparation.

The objective of entry is to gain direct access to the apical foramina, not merely to the canal orifices. Remember straight-line

access.

Access cavity preparations are different from typical operative occlusal preparations since operative preparations are based on

the topography of occlusal grooves, pits and fissures, and the avoidance of the underlying pulp.

The likely interior anatomy of a tooth under treatment must be determined. Each tooth has a typical length, number, and

configuration of canals. Radiographs taken from two different angles must be studied. The information gained before initiation

of penetration will greatly facilitate the entry as well as subsequent treatment.

When canals are difficult to find, the rubber dam should not be placed until correct location has been confirmed. Determination of

the angle of malposed or extensively restored teeth can sometimes be easier with the dam off.

Answer: B None of the above

16 mm

D1

D16

Which are of the following are true of the balanced-force technique?

Balanced force uses three distinct phases that comprise the instrument cycle.

Phase I involves the use of ultrasonic pre-debridement of the coronal 1/3.Phase III involves flute loading.

The file is withdrawn after two to three dozen rapid rotations of the file.

The balanced force involves file cutting at the apical extent of the file and not along its length

A. 1 onlyB. 1, 2, 3

C. 1, 3, 4, 5D. 2, 3, 4, 5

E. 1, 3, 5

The correct answer is e. 1, 3, 5 as can be determined from reading of the below phases I-III of the balanced force technique.

The balanced force technique uses instruments in a step-back

manner to initiate preenlargement of the canal and gain access to the apical

third rapidly. This involves three distinct phases as follows:

.

A prebent K file prior to apical instrumentation.

The instrument has become slightly straightened after being rotated apically.

80. Sterilization of Gutta percha points is done by:

A. Hot salt sterilizerB. AutoclavingC. Chemical solutionsD. Dry heat.

80 .Answer is: C- Chemical solutions.

5-minute treatment using sodium hypochlorite, Zephiran, and

hydrogen peroxide.These agents were potent against gram-positive

and gram-negative bacteria as well as endospore-forming

microorganisms.

Fungal spores were killed only by the first two. On the other hand,

ethanol, chloroform, eugenol, betadine, and Gram's iodine

solution were found not to be effective for surface sterilization.

Q- the accesses opening for amaxillary premolar is most frequently

a- ovalb- squarec- triangulard- non of the above

a- oval

Q- the radiographic criteria used for

evaluating the successes of endodontic

therapy

a- reduction of the size of the periapical lesion

b- no response to percussion and palpation test

c- extension of the sealer cement through lateral canals

d- non of the abovea- reduction of the size of the periapical lesion

81. Difference between physical characteristics of a file & reamer is:

A. The cross-section of reamers is square and files are triangular in cross section.B. The numbers of flutes on the blade are more in files than in reamers.C. The reamers have more flutes in the blade.D. Files have two superficial grooves to produce flutes in a double helix design.

81. Answer is: B- The numbers of flutes on the blade are more in files than in reamers.

64.E.D.T.A. is chelating agent that:

1.lubricates

2.emulsifies

3.hold debris in suspension

4.remove smear layer

5.all of the above

ANS. 5

66.Files are used in endodontic preperation to:

1.clean 2.shape 3.improve access 4.facilitate obturation

a. all

b. 1,2,3

c. 1,2,4

d. 2,3,4ANS : c

1. For lower premolars, the

purpose of inclining the

handpiece lingually is to

A. Avoid buccal pulp horn

B. Avoid lingual pulp horn

C. Remove unsupported enamel

D. Conserve lingual dentineQ1 = A

18. In which direction does the palatal root of the upper first molar usually curve towards

A. Facial / buccal/B. LingualC. MesialD. Distal

Q18= A

102. Tooth under occlusal trauma shows

A. Bone resorptionB. Necrosis of the pulpC. HypercementosisD. TriangulationE. All of the above

Q102=E

119. The BEST treatment for alveolar abscess

A. Endontic treatment or extractionB. Incision and drainage aloneC. ExtractionD. Endodontic

Q119=B

132. How do you prepare floor of pulp chamber in molars

A. Swab and dry with cotton wool and excavateB. Use round bur to flatten the floorC. Under cut wallsD. Use flat end fissure bur to make it levelled

Q132=A

170. Lateral canals are usually found

A. The middle of the rootB. Fist third of the root close to the crownC. The apical third

Q170= A

176. Swelling after RCT is mainly caused by “Being asked as What is the most frequent cause of pain which

occurs several days after obturation” too

A. Entrapped Bacteria, or the presence of bacteria in the periapical region.

B. Under filling the root canal systemC. Over filled root canal

Q176=A

183. To remove the pulp tissue from narrow canal, you can use

A. Barbed broachB. Small K-Type fileC. Smooth broachD. Reamer

Q183=B

B. K-FILEK-file: Design & Structure

199. The technique of placing Gutta-Percha cones against the root canal walls providing space for additional Gutta Percha is termed

A. Lateral CondensationB. One major Gutta Percha point

C. Laterally above condensed

Q199=A

215. In young children what is the commonest finding after dental complaint

A. Acute periodontal abscessB. Chronic periodontal abscessC. Apical abscessD. Chronic alveolar abscess

Q215=C

226. Electrical pulp testing is least useful in /or does not detect in some papers

A. Traumatised teethB. Just erupted teethC. Multi-rooted teethD. Capped teethE. Necrotic pulp

Q226=D

227. The palatal pulp horn of maxillary molars is located

A. In the pulpchamber under mesiolingual cuspB. In the pulpchamber opposite the mesio distal fissure of the buccal cuspC. Under the disto lingual cusp

Q227=A

251. How would you diagnose a periapical abscess

A. Pain on percussionB. Pain when eating hot food

C. Pain when eating cold foodD. The thickness of periodontal ligament on X-Ray

Q251=A

270. The term TUGBEN?? is related to : “When used in connection with a master Gutta Percha cone in

endodontics”

A. Tensile strength of the gutta perchaB. Consistency of gutta percha

C. Size of the coneD. Fit of the cone in the apical 1 or 2 mm

E. Length of the cone

Q270=D

271. In root canal therapy it is generally accepted that the ideal root filling

A. Should extend to the level of the apex to minimize irritation

B. Should extend slightly through the apex to ensure a complete seal

C. Should extend to the dento cemental junction for healing

D. The extension of the filling is not critical

Q271=C

272. Mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars MOST COMMONLY have

A. One canal with one foremanB. One or two canals with one foremanC. Two canals with one foremanD. Two canals with two foremen

Q272=C

314. The method you will use to fill root canal of maxillary lateral incisor is

A. One major Gutta Percha coneB. Laterally condensedC. Laterally above condensed

Q314=B

338. Which is NOT characteristics of canal filing materials “obturation

material”

A. Tacky adhesive to wallsB. Radio opaqueC. Not irritating

D. Quick in setting

Q338=D

367. The most prominent feature of acute apical periodontitis is

A. Tenderness of tooth to pressureB. Extra oral swellingC. Intermittent pain

Q367=A

431. Which of the following factors can affect the shape and size of the pulp canal

A. Chemical irritation and cariesB. Trauma and functionC. Attrition, wear and aging of the patientD. All of the above

Q431=D

459. Where does the bone resorption show in a necrosis pulp of deciduous molar

A. At the root apexB. At the bifurcationC. On the buccal side of the toothD. On the lingual side of the tooth

Q459=B

Soft tissue exam swelling = nonvital tooth

exudate usually tracks buccally, resulting in either intra or extra oral swelling

intraoral swelling more common in primary teeth because furcations are usually occlusal to the muscle attachments

495. While doing RCT you gave dressing with a paper point wetted with..??...solution. The patient arrives the next day with severe pain. There is no swelling but the tooth is tender to percussion. You will**

A. Replace with similar dressing and prescribe antibioticB. Replace with corticosteroid pastC. Retrieve paper point surgicallyD. Remove the dressing and leave for several days before replacing it.E. Provide incision and drainage

Q495=B. Ledermix is the best option

518. A 10 year old boy presents with non-vital, non-mobile tooth. Treatment is

A. Pulpectomy with calcium hydroxideB. Pulpectomy with Zinc oxide eugenolC. Pulpotomy with formocresolD. No treatment is required if tooth is asymptomatic

Q518=D

519.A patient suffers a blow to his maxillary central incisor without resulting in fracture. The pulp

A. Immediate necrosisB. Becomes non-vital but only if treatment is delayed too longC. Becomes non vital irrespective of treatmentD. No changes is seen later if fracture does not occur

Q519=C

546. Size of pulp chamber within the tooth is influenced by

A. AgeB. ParafunctionalC. History of the tooth /abrasion, erosion, caries/D. All of the above

Q546=D

553. What is true in regards to lateral mandibular incisor

A. 20% have 2 canals with one foramenB. 20% have 2 canals with two foraminaC. 40% have two canals with 10% ending in two foraminaD. 40% have two canals with only one ending in two foramina

Q553=D

567. After completing pulp extirpation, debridement and placing adressing; apical periodontitis is because

A. Over instrumentation extending into areaB. Irritation from chemicals usedC. Entrapped bacteriaD. One or any combination of the above

Q567=D

771. At the end of four years, the x rays reveal calcification of

A. All deciduous and first permanent molarsB. All permanent except of 3rd molarsC. All deciduousD. All permanent

Q771=B, 3rd molars calcify about the age of 7 to 8

789. Irrigation in root canal treatment, should be undertaken at frequent intervals during instrumentation to**

A. Removes cementum falling from the canalB. Remove noxious material since it may be forced to the apical foramenresulting in periapical infectionC. Destroy all micro organism in the canalD. Stop instruments from going beyond the apical foramenE. None of the above

Q789=B, Abbot Page 42: It is necessary to use irrigating

solutions to,

1.Lubricate the canals walls.

2. Remove debris.

3. Act as solvent (organic and morganic matter)

4.Act as anti-microbial agent.

5. Aid cleansing in areas that are inaccessible to mechanical

cleansing methods.

4) The earliest and most common of an acute pulpitis :

a) a dull throbbing pain.b) pain upon chewing.c) thermal sensitivity.d) discomfort, particularly on palpation

Question 4=c

8)Which of the following are contraindication to endodontic therapy

a) a non restorable tooth.b) a tooth with insufficient periodontal support.c) a tooth with vertical tooth fracture.d) all of the above.

Question 8=d

10) Which of the following the is the main function of dental pulp :

a) nutritive .b) formative.c) sensory.d) protective.

Question 10=b

Pain on percussion before endodontic treatment indicates:

A. Reversible pulpitis.B. Irreversible pulpitis.C. Pulp necrosis.D. Inflammation of periodontal tissues.E. Exposed dentine. Key: D

In RCT, over preparation of the outer wall of the optical curvature of the canal with inflexible instrument will cause:

A. Zipping.B. Perforation.C. Elbow formation.D. Ledge formation.E. Crazing.

Key: A

Danger zone is defined by Abou-Rass, Frank and Glick as the thin area in the

root canal wall that is vulnerable to stripping by injudicious filling.

Danger zone is located at mandibular first molar mesial root, 1.5mm below

the furcation about 1.3mm thick on the distal surface.

A. Both statements are true.B. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is true, second statement is false.

D. The first statement is false, second statement is true.

The danger zone where care needs to be taken in order to avoid strip perforation. Answer: a

A patient presents wet a draining sinus tract in labial vestibule of a

maxillary central incisor. To confirm your diagnosis about the

origin of pathoses you should:

A. Open the concerned root chamber.B. Taking the bite-wing radiograph.

C. Thread gutta-percha through the root canal and expose the radiograph.

D. Thread the gutta-percha through the tract and expose a radiograph.

E. Measure the periodontal packet.

Key: D

The pulp chamber in milk teeth in proportion to that of permanent teeth is :

A. Bigger in milk teeth.B. Smaller in milk teeth.C. Same in both teeth.D. Absent in milk teeth.E. Less vascular in milk teeth.Key: A

Recapitulation is:

A. Uses successively larger files to flare the canals.

B. Removing the debris with smaller instruments than the instruments that

go to apex.C. Circumferential filing with H files.

D. Using various types of files and reamers to enlarge canals.

E. Irrigation of canals with sodium hypochlorite.

Key: B

A patency file is a small flexible instrument (08, 10) that will move passively through

the terminus of a root canal without binding or enlarging the apical constricture.

The aim is to prevent apical blockage, which will, in turn, reduce the incidence of ledge formation and transportation of the

root canal. The use of a patency file also helps remove

vital or necrotic pulpal remnants from the end of the canal.

To use a patency technique, therefore, infers an intention to clean to the full canal

length.

Biologically active sealer which promote peri-apical healing contain:

A. 2nO Engenol.B. Cortico-steroids.C. Ca(OH)2.D. Silver-points.E. Zinc phosphate.

Key: C

The role of calcium ions in cell stimulation, migration, proliferation and mineralization is well established.

Calcium hydroxide also inactivates LPS and in so doing can assist periapical tissue repair.

Anesthetic testing is most effective in localizing pain to which of the following?

a. Specific toothb. Mandible or maxillac. Across the midline of the faced. Posterior tooth

Irreversible pulpitis is often defined by which of the following?

a. Moderate response to percussionb. Painful, lingering response to coldc. Short, painful response to coldd. Short, painful response to heat

The majority of patients with symptoms of severe odontogenic pain have a diagnosis of which of the following?

a. Periodontal abscessb. Irreversible pulpitisc. Acute apical periodontitisd. Acute apical abscess

The best approach for diagnosis of odontogenic pain is which of the following?

a. Radiographic examinationb. Percussionc. Visual examinationd. A step-by-step, sequenced examination and testing approach

Of the following, which is the most likely to have referred pain?

a. Irreversible pulpitisb. Reversible pulpitisc. Acute apical periodontitisd. Phoenix abscess

Which of the following statements regarding a test cavity is accurate?

a. It is the first test in diagnostic sequence.b. It often results in a dull-pain response.c. It is used when all other test findings are equivocal.d. It should be performed with local anesthetic.

Percussion of a tooth is a test for which of the following?

a. Pulpal inflammationb. Pulpal necrosisc. Acute periradicular inflammationd. Chronic periradicular inflammation

Pulp stones are consistent indicators of which of the following?

a. Periodontal inflammation impacting the pulpb. Pulpal inflammationc. Older patientd. Pulp that has been injured in the past but has recoverede. None of the above

Which of the following statements regarding the degree of pulp pathosis is accurate?

a. It can be determined by the level of pain a patient experiences.

b. It can be related to the level of response of the electrical pulp tester.

c. It can be correlated best when a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis is established.

d. It does not correlate well with the level of pain a patient perceives.

A key measure as to the degree (i.e., intensity) of pain is to determine which of the following?

a. Painful stimulus with coldb. Painful stimulus with heatc. Painful stimulus on bitingd. Increasing paine. Pain affecting patient's lifestyle

In describing the sensory innervation of the dental pulp, which of the following statements is accurate?

a. A-delta fibers are high-threshold, myelinated fibers that transmit sharp,momentary pain.b. C fibers are low-threshold, unmyelinated fibers that produce pain in response toinflammatory mediators.c. The domination of C-fiber stimulation produces pain that is not well localized.d. The sharp, well-localized pain to cold testing is conducted by both A-delta and Cfiberstimulation.

Which of the following most likely indicates pain that is not of pulpal origin?

a. Unilateral pain that radiates over the face to the earb. Pain that has paresthesia as a componentc. Pain that is described as throbbing and intermittentd. Pain that is increased during mastication

Treatment of severe, throbbing pain associated with the maxillary, left, first molar(tooth no. 14) is best managed by which of the following?

a. Pulpotomyb. Partial pulpectomyc. Pulpectomyd. Analgesic agentse. Analgesic and antibiotic agents

Which of the following statements regarding leaving a tooth open for drainage in cases of an acute, apical abscess is accurate?

a. It is the recommended method of managing the emergency patient.b. It may adversely affect the outcome of treatment.c. It is appropriate, providing the patient is also placed on an antibiotic.

Elective endodontic treatment is contraindicated in which of the following?

a. Patient is a borderline diabetic.b. Patient has had a heart attack within the last 6 months.c. Patient has had numerous opportunistic infections secondary to HIV infection.d. Patient has an implanted pacemake

When is endodontic treatment is contraindicated?

a. The patient has no motivation to maintain the tooth.b. The canal appears to be calcified.c. A large periapical lesion is present.d. The tooth needs periodontal crown lengthening before restoration.

A preoperative finding that predisposes to a decreased prognosis (i.e., lowersuccessrate) is which of the following?

a. The tooth is in hyperocclusion.b. The pulp is vital.c. The pulp is necrotic with no periradicular lesion.d. The pulp is necrotic with a periradicular lesion present.e. Treatment is in an elderly patient.