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Abiotic resource scarcity in LCA
Is there an alternate model?
7/11/16
Anne Asselin, consultant
Helene Teulon, Gingko 21
November 8th, 2016
avniR 2016 - The criticality of resources
Gingko 21 ?
2
Gingko 21 provides support to companies and organizations to
help them invent new production and consumption schemes in
their move toward a circular economy.
Gingko 21
EVALUATE
ECO-INNOVATE
TRAINING
INDUSTRIAL
SYMBIOSIS
avniR 2016 - The criticality of resources
Agenda
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1- scope
2- limitation of existing models
3- blue print of suggested model
4- discussion
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Should resources be part of environmental
assessment?
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depleting finite resources is a
burden for future generations
The stock is also in the
anthropo-sphere
Scope of this presentation : abiotic resources
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STOCK
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Inventory
Flow Units
Inputs: (r) Coal (in ground) kg 2,51E-01
(r) Iron (Fe, ore) kg 2,82E-03
(r) Manganese (Mn,
ore)
kg 0,006372
(r) Limestone
(CaCO3, in ground)
kg 8,83E-03
(r) Gravel
(unspecified)
kg 7,21E-04
Assessment
How are abiotic resources modeled in LCA
today?
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Goedkoop and Spriensma
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LCA and Circular economy
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Original LCA model is linear from cradle to grave.
Over the years:
- Increase in incentives to reuse/recycle anthropogenic
resources
- concept of circular economy
Proper accounting of use of anthropogenic resources
has become instrumental.
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example of
Zinc roof
Current LCA models bear social value choices (does the
“society” want to promote the use of recycling material or not?)
that do not fit well with the “scientific” approach of LCA as a
decision making tool.
Current LCA model choices lead to different
results
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0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
Abiotic Depletion Potential Water Consumption Global Warming Potential
100/0
0/100
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Abiotic Resource Depletion in LCA - Guinee 2002
“Primary materials are not only produced from Natural resource supplies but are
also recycled from the growing amount of stocks in the economy […]
From a functional point of view, it is totally irrelevant whether the “primary
material’ for future generations is available in the environment or economy.
As long as the (potential) functions of the resource after extraction are still
available in the economic stock, there is no depletion problem (of functions). An
element or mineral, with a certain function, that is produced from a natural
resource and stored into a product (economic reserve) that can easily be
recycled is not lost but only borrowed. […] The function at present attached in
economic goods is still available for future applications. “
Function of Anthropogenic (“economic”) vs
Natural abiotic resources
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A key element to account for is dissipative
versus non dissipative use of resources
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Consistency of Impact models
Account for the Anthroposphere ?
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Natural stocks
(ores)
Landfill stock piles
Anthropogenic
flows
Natural cycle of
flows
In-use stocks
(other products)
Produc
t LCIA
CF
AWARE
CF resource depletion
Flows (water) Abiotic resources
Anthroposhere
Nature
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Blueprint of suggested model (1)
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Abiotic Resources used
:
• Iron ore
• Steel from landfill
• Recycled steel
• Natural Gas
Emissions (including
dissipation of abiotic
resources):
• CO2
• NMVOC
• NOx…
• Fe to waterOther Resources :
• - land
• - water
Abiotic Resources
returned:
• Steel to landfill
• Recycled steel
avniR 2016 - The criticality of resources
Blueprint of suggested model (2)
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Abiotic Resources
consumed:
• Iron ore
• Steel from landfill
• Recycled steel
• Natural Gas
Emissions (including
dissipation of abiotic
resources):
• CO2
• NMVOC
• NOx…
• Fe to waterOther Resources :
• - land
• - water
Abiotic Resources
borrowed and
returned:
• Steel to landfill
• Recycled steel
Abiotic Resources
generated:
• Steel io landfill
• Recycled steel
avniR 2016 - The criticality of resources
Blue print of suggested model (3)
Impact Characterization
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Natural stocks
(ores)
Landfill stock piles
In-use stocks
(other products)
Produc
t LCIA
Abiotic resources
Anthroposhere
Nature
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What to think of this approach?
The BIG shift : we do not only consider resources
from nature but also anthropogenic resources
some elementary flows would be flows from
“technosphere”.
What would then define an elementary flow? What
is the “ultimate secondary resource”?
Suggestion: “Resource at EoL of previous product, after
collection and EoL treatment from previous product”
Discussion - Principles (1)
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-
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Accounting for landfill stock piles:
seems logical, as there is no change in nature of the
resource : it is free and out there for human use.
Borrowing and returning :
Link with material efficiency (doing more with less) ?
Need to account for quality (loss of potential functions)
How to account for the number of years the resource is
borrowed ? Do we need to discount?
Discussion – User point of view (2)
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CF would assess scarcity in the total stock : nature and anthropo-
sphere (at least landfill stock piles)
CF should assess availability vs demand :
include in-use stocks? How? Discount for immobilization time?
Group together resources (eg “Fe ore” and “recycled steel”)
Geographic resolution of CF?
Do we have the data ?
stocks (landfill and in-use)
“average borrowing” time of each type of resource?
Discussion – Impact modeler point of view (3)
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What do you think ?
Consistency with LCA as a whole ?
Potential challenges?
Critics welcome!
Discussion – YOUR point of view (4)
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? Prepared by
Anne Asselin
06 30 14 44 21acab4lifecycle@gmail.com
Hélène Teulon
06 10 07 25 62helene.teulon@gingko21.com
Any question?
Contact us!
avniR 2016 - The criticality of resources
Information availability on in-use stocks of
metals
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Source International
Resource Panel– « Metal
stocks in society » 2010
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Systematic inventory of material flows and stocks on a given perimeter (time and space)
Example:MFA of Iron in the US
Could supply a basis for new impact indicator on resources.
Material Flow Analysis
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