about common zoonoses

“World Zoonoses Day– 6th July”

Zoonotic diseases Transmission (routes of spread)

Animal involved

Clinical forms(signs in man)

Disease burden /year(no. of cases/deaths)

Rabies (Virus)

Bites of rabid dog (mainly), cats, monkeys, racoons

Canines (mainly Dogs)

Two forms:• Furious rabies• Paralytic rabies

• Global : 55,000 deaths• India : 20,000 deaths

(highest in world)

Japanese Encephalitis (Virus)

Mosquito bites PigsBirds

Encephalitis, tremors & convulsions (mainly children)

• Global : 67,900 cases • India : 1714- 6594 cases

Brucellosis (Bacteria)

Raw milk of infected animals, Contact with abortion cases/dung

Broad range(mainlyruminants)

Recurrent fever, fatigue,arthritis, testicle swelling and endocarditis

• Global : 5, 00,000 cases• India : Widely prevalent

(ranks 6th in world)

Anthrax (Bacteria)

Contact with infected hide, Spore inhalation, Eating infected meat

Ruminants highly susceptible

• Cutaneous anthrax,• Pulmonary anthrax• Intestinal form.

• Global : 100,000 cases• India : 2000-20,000 cases

Tuberculosis(Bacteria)

Contaminated raw milk and aerosols

Bovines Fever, coughing, emaciation, weakness or fatigue

• Global : 9.6 million cases• India : 2.2 million cases

Plague(Bacteria)

Bite of flea (found on body of rats & cats)

Rodents Pus filled lymph nodes,pneumonia & cyanosis

•Global : 1000-5000 cases in last 20 years

Leptospirosis(Bacteria)

Walking in/drinking water having rat urine

Rodents (mainly rats)

High fever, jaundice, red eyes& rashes, kidney failure

• Global : 500,000 cases • India : Endemic

Q- fever (Bacteria)

Breathing in air infected with abortion

Domestic animals

Pneumonia, abortion, arthritis, hepatitis

Worldwide (except New Zealand)

Toxoplasmosis(Parasite)

Eating food infected with cat faeces

Felines(mainly cats)

Abortion, mental retardation, retinitis

•Global : 190,100 cases of Congenital toxoplasmosis

Leishmaniasis(Parasite)

Bite of sandfly(blood sucking insect)

Dog Disfiguring skin scars, Enlarged spleen

• Global : 130 lakhs cases: 25000 deaths

1 billion cases of illness &

Millions of deaths every year

Direct losses - $2 billion/year

Indirect losses ->$20 billion/yr

Farm/pet animals/birds reservoirs

PREVENTION

&

CONTROL

Animal diseases

75%

New human diseases

Human

Wild life reservoirs

1,415 human diseases (868 are zoonoses)

217 Viruses & Prions

538 Bacteria & Rickettsia

307 Fungi

66 Protozoa

287 Helminths`

Awareness about Zoonotic diseases !!! (Issued by: Division of Veterinary Public Health, IVRI)

ZOONOSES are infectious diseases naturally transmissible between animals and humans

• Total human infections - 1415

• Total Zoonotic infections - 868 (61%)

• Total Emerging diseases -175

• Emerging Zoonoses -132 (75%)

Vaccinate animals Control insects & rats Follow hygiene Eat cooked, clean & covered foods

Keep yoursurroundings clean

Losses due to zoonoses