academic procrastination of undergraduates: low self-efficacy to self-regulate predicts higher...

Academic procrastination of undergraduates:Low self-efficacy to self-regulate predictshigher levels of procrastination

Source: Contemporary Educational Psychology 33 (2008) 915–931Authors: Robert M. Klassen, Lindsey L. Krawchuk, Sukaina RajaniSpeaker: Cheng-Yee Lee

Introduction

Not a e-learning paper But can be applied to e-learning

Procrastination The intentional delay of an intended course

of action, in spite of an awareness of negative outcomes

Neural or negative effect Most are neagative

Introduction Known research

Self-efficacySelf-esteem

procrastination

Self-regulation procrastination

Introduction Self-efficacy for self-regulation?

No related research Two studies

Study1

Study2

Various factor procrastination

Various factor Various factor

Neural procrastinator Negative procrastinator

Study 1

Self-regulation

Academic self-efficacy

Self-esteem

Self-efficacyFor

Self-regulation

GPA

Procrastination

Study 1 Participant

261 undergraduate students 90% female Age 18-53, mean 23.33 All are volunteers, without any reward

credit Question survey

Study 1 Variable measurement

Self-regulation

Academic self-efficacy

Self-esteem

Self-efficacyFor

Self-regulation

GPA

Procrastination

Self-reported 4-scales

Zimmerman et al. (1992)

Rosenberg. (1979)

MSLQ (1993)

MSLQ (1993)

Tuckman (1992)

Study 1 Result

Reliability

Study 1 Result

Correlation matrix

Study 1 Result

hierarchical regression analysis

Study 2

Daily procrastination

Task procrastination

Predicted grade

Self-efficacyFor

Self-regulation

GPA

Actual grade

Daily procrastination

Task procrastination

Predicted grade

Self-efficacyFor

Self-regulation

GPA

Actual grade

Neural Procrastinator Negative Procrastinator

Study 2 Participant

195 volunteers 72% female 19-40 years (mean 23.20)

Distribute survey in the first few weeks of semester And collect their grade at the end of

semester

Study 2 Variable measurement

Daily procrastination

Task procrastination

Predicted grade

Self-efficacyFor

Self-regulation

GPA

Actual grade

Neural Procrastinator

Negative Procrastinatorhow much does procrastination negatively influence your academic functioning? 4-scales

Self-reported 4-scales

How much time do you procrastinate on schoolwork during a typical day

Days before due/Days given for completion of previous task

Zimmerman et al. (1992)

Self-reported 4-scales

From instructor

Study 2

Result

Study 2 Result

Study 2 Result

Study 2 Result

Conclusion

High self-regulation does not mean low procrastination

Self-efficacy for self-regulation is more suitable for predict procrastination

Comment A typical survey research

GPA factors in study 2 is a little redundant We can apply SDT theory

Study for internal motivation should have better self-efficacy for self-regulation

We can survey similar factors in e-learning environment In study 2, task procrastination can be measured by

days before due/days given for viewing full chapter