acceptable risk.pdf
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ACCEPTBLE RISKA New Look at HazardAssessments
Presented by:Holly Elke, CRSP, CSP, CHRP, CMQ/OE
Senior QHSE AdvisorSH&E System Solutions
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THE HAZARD BASED
APPROACH
Control and mitigate sourcesof harm or loss (hazards)
that may be encountered bypersonnel.
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THE HAZARD BASEDAPPROACH
HAZARD SOURCES
P eople
E quipment
M aterial
E nvironment
CHANGE
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HAZARD BASEDREGULATIONS
ALBERTA: OHS CODE PART 2 Hazard Assessment, Elimination
and Control.
BRITISH COLUMBIA: WCA DIVISION 3 General Duties OfEmployers & PART 3 OHS Regs OHS Program Contents
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TERMINOLOGY
RISKEffect of uncertainty on objectives
Effects positive or negative deviations fromwhat is expected.
Uncertainty Lack of information,understanding or knowledge of an event, itsconsequence, or likelihood.
Objectives - financial, production, operational,HSE goals that are strategic, corporate,project, product or process driven.
ISO Guide 73/ ANSI Z690
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TERMINOLOGY
RISK
Combination of the likelihood of an
occurrence of a hazardous event orexposure(s) and the severity of injuryor ill health that can be caused by the
event or exposure(s).
OHSAS 18001
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RISK BASED REGULATIONS
9(3) If a hazard cannot beeliminated or controlled undersubsection (2), the employer mustuse administrative controls thatcontrol the hazard to a level as
low as reasonably achievable.
ALBERTA OHS CODE PART 2 HazardAssessment, Elimination and Control
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RISK BASED REGULATIONS
"as low as reasonably achievable"or "ALARA" means, in reference
to a substance, that measuresmust be taken to keep a worker'sexposure to a level as low as isreasonably achievable;
BC OHS Regs: Part 5 Chemical Agents andBiological Agents
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THE ALARP TRIANGLE
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RISK BASED REGULATIONS
SASKATCHEWAN: OHSRegulations Part III GeneralDuties (S. 22 OHS Program).
MANITOBA: WSH Regs MSIs,Working Alone, Violence.
OSHA (US): 1910.119 - Process
Safety Management Standard.
OSHA: I2P2 (Injury & IllnessPrevention Program) proposed.
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RISK BASED STANDARDS
OHSAS 18001: 2007
CSA Z1000- 06 (CANADA)
CSA Z1002-
12 HazardIdentification, Elimination & RiskAssessment/Control (New)
ISO 31000:2009 RiskManagement Principles andGuidelines.
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WHY USE A RISK-BASEDAPPROACH ?
Standardizes risk managementgoals and methods to be used =increase in process efficiency.
Consistent framework that can beused by all business units andwork groups = increase in process& employee effectiveness.
Due Diligence (defensible).
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WHAT APPROACH DOES YOUR
COMPANY USE?
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RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
COMPANY MANDATE AND MANAGEMENT COMMITTMENT
CREATE THE
FRAMEWORK FORMANAGING RISK:
GOALS, PRINCIPLES,PROCESS
IMPLEMENT THEFRAMEWORK:OBJECTIVES,RESOURCES,
COMMUNICATION,TRAINING
MONITOR & REVIEWTHE FRAMEWORK:
KPIs, AUDITS,NONCONFORMANCE
MANAGEMENTREVIEW
IMPROVE THE
FRAMEWORK:CONTINUOUS
IMPROVEMENTINITIATIVES
PLAN
DO
CHECK
ACT
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RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Communicate/Consult StakeholdersEstablish Risk Management Goals
Internal and External factors
Consider company resources &capability
Define Risk Criteria to be used
Frequency, likelihood, consequencesto be measured
ALARA or ALARP
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RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Establish Risk Assessment Methods
Risk Identification
Risk Analysis Risk Evaluation (Prioritization)
Determine Risk Treatment Options
Avoidance, Elimination, Substitution
Engineering, Administrative, PPE
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RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Monitor and Review
Changes
New and emerging risks
Improvement opportunities
Efficiency & Effectiveness of RiskTreatment Options
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RISK ANALYSIS: LIKELIHOOD
Frequency of Exposure Probability Loss = Likelihood
FREQUENCY OF EXPOSURE:
4 - Frequent (5+ per week/job)
3-
Occasional ( 1+ per week/ 3+ per job )2 - Rare ( 1+ per moth/ 2+ per job)
1 - Very Rare (1+ per year/job)
PROBABILITY OF LOSS:
4 - Expected/Likely (Happens often; > 1 per year)3 - Probable/ Occasional (1 occurrence in 3 years)
2 - Possible/Rare ( 1 occurrence in 5 years)
1 - Remote/Very Rare (Once in the life of the facility or
company)
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RISK ANALYSIS: LIKELIHOOD
PROBABILITY OF LOSS
FREQUENCY 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4
2 2 4 4 8
3 3 6 9 12
4 4 8 12 16
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RISK ANALYSIS: SEVERITY
SEVERITY
CATEGORYHEALTH SAFETY
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
FINANCIAL
LOSSPUBLIC IMPACT
6One or more
fatalities
Catastrophic mutual
aid required
Major environmental
impact to neighbouring
receptors (public streams,
vegetation, air, ground
water)
Extensive damage
& extended
downtime
(Corporate)
Serious impact -
large community
5
Serious injury -
permanent
disability, life-
threatening
occupational
illnesses
Significant Event-
fulldisaster
response
Off-site release or
repeated non-compliance
issues with potential for
significant adverse impact
Major downtime(Division / Area)
Serious impact-
small community
4
Serious injury -
disabling
occupational
illnesses
Serious threat -
emergency response
(external agencies
involved)
Contained within the
facility - large impact or
repeat non-compliance
issues
Minor damage or
downtime
(Department)
Minor
families affected
3
Temporary
disability - minor
injuries, acute
health effects
Important occurrence -
potential emergency
response
Contained within facility -
minimal impact &
regulatory reporting
required
Minor damage or
downtime
(Individual
processes)
Minor limited no.
of individuals
affected
2 First Aid or lessNoticeable occurrence -
reportable
Contained within facility
with no adverse impact -
below reportable levels
Minor damage &
no downtimeMinimal to none
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RISK ANALYSIS
Severity Likelihood = Risk Level or Priority Number
SEVERITY
4 4 8 12 16 24 32 36 48 64
3 3 6 9 12 18 24 27 36 48
2 2 4 6 8 12 16 18 24 32
1 1 2 3 4 6 8 9 12 16
1 2 3 4 6 8 9 12 16
LIKELIHOOD (Fr x Pb)
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RISK EVALUATION
RISK LEVEL PRIORITIZATION
1-9 = Minimal Risk Acceptable
12-16 = Marginal Risk Acceptable with controls
18-27 = Serious Risk Further controls suggested
32-64 = Critical Risk Further controls required
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RISK TREATMENT OPTIONS
Avoidance choose to not performthe task or work activity.
Elimination Remove the hazard(i.e. design valve handles to beaccessible at floor level)
Substitution Use a less harmfulsubstance (solvent replacement for
Toluene/Xylene/Varsol).
Share the Risk hire competentpersonnel to perform the task
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RISK TREATMENT OPTIONS
Engineered Guards, Ventilation,Interlocking isolation systems(pipelines), Ergonomic equipment
Administrative Safe WorkProcedures, Practices, Rules,Training, Job rotation/schedule.
Share the Risk hire competentpersonnel to perform the task
PPE
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RISK METHOD SELECTION
CAN/CSA 31000Risk Assessment Techniques
(Based upon IEC/ISO 31010:2009)
HAZOP, What if, FMEA/FMECA, FTA,HACCP, Root cause analysis, etc.
PHA, Consequence/ Probability matrix
& Human Reliability Assessmentprovide the foundation for our hybridTHA/JSA methods.
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APPLICATION OF RISKMANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES:
DEMONSTRATION USING A TASKHAZARD ASSESSMENT METHOD
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Types of WorkList all types of work done at
the work site.
Work Related ActivitiesList all work related activities
for each type of work.
HazardsList the hazards for each work
related activity. List both
health and safety hazards.
Risk (14) Rank (Priority)
ControlsList the proposed
control(s) for each
hazard.
Completion
DateList the date
the controls
will be in
place.
Cons
euences
Fre
quency
Pro
babilit
Total
Sample Hazard Assessment Form
http://humanservices.alberta.ca/working-in-alberta/268.html
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QUESTIONS ?
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CONTACT INFORMATION
WWW.IMPEDOSOLUTIONS.COM
OFFICE: 403-475-0937
http://www.impedosolutions.com/http://www.impedosolutions.com/
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