accidents don't just happen

Safety B A S I C ’sAccidents Don’t

Just Happen!

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Safety BASICS

Philosophy

The key to reducing incidents and injuries is to modify behavior by engaging employees

& co-workers, talking with them to encourage safe work practices and to eliminate unsafe acts and behaviors.

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Principles for Safety BASICS

• All injuries and occupational illnesses can be prevented• Safety is everyone’s responsibility• Management is directly accountable for preventing injuries

and occupational illnesses• Safety is a condition of employment• Training is an essential element of a safe work place• Safety audits must be conducted (SOC, Walkthroughs,

STOP) • Safe work practices should be reinforced and all unsafe acts

and unsafe conditions must be corrected

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• It is essential to investigate injuries and occupational illnesses as well as incidents with the potential for injury• Safety off the job is an important element of your overall safety effort• Preventing injuries and occupational illnesses is good business• People are the most critical element in the success any HSSE and health programs

Principles for Safety BASICS – cont’d

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Safety BASICs Standard

Performance will:• Bring everyone to the same level of understanding

and execution of basic safety programs • Help everyone meet requirements for HSE in

“Getting HSE Right”• Set clear roles and accountabilities• Make a step change in safety culture

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Company PolicyGoals are simply stated:•No accidents,•No harm to people, and•No damage to the environment.

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The Domino Sequence

The domino sequence depicted below is a model. Just as a model represents the actual object, this model represents how accidents happen.

Basic Cause

OrganizationalFailure

IndirectCause

Personal Lack Of

DirectCause

Unsafe Act Unsafe Condition

Accident

Unplanned,Undesirable Event Which Results In a Loss

Loss

Undesirable Results

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Basic Cause – Organizational Failure

Organizational failure means that the organization, at one or more levels, did not effectively plan, direct, organize, control or combination thereof, its resources, which are:

TIME / TOOLS / EQUIPMENT / MATERIALS / PEOPLE

• Failure to PLAN means: We did not plan the job, task or operation effectively.

• Failure to DIRECT means: We did not properly train, instruct or direct the people involved in the task effectively.

• Failure to ORGANIZE means: We did not provide, and ensure the availability of all resources that were needed to do the job safely.

• Failure to CONTROL means: We did not monitor to verify that the job, task or operation was being conducted as planned, organized and directed.

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The Domino Sequence

The domino sequence depicted below is a model. Just as a model represents the actual object, this model represents how accidents happen.

Basic Cause

OrganizationalFailure

IndirectCause

Personal Lack Ofs

DirectCause

Unsafe Act Unsafe Condition

Accident Loss

Undesirable Results

Unplanned,Undesirable Event Which Results In a Loss

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Indirect Cause – Lack of Training

The indirect cause is made of three general groups or factors that will lead a person to commit an unsafe act or create an unsafe condition. The first of these is Lack of Training (direction):

Lack of Training leads a person to commit an unsafe act or create and unsafe condition because they don’t know any better. Lack of training can mean:

• NO TRAINING AT ALL

• TRAINING THAT WAS INCOMPLETE

• TRAINING THAT WAS NOT REPEATED FREQUENTLY ENOUGH

• TRAINING THAT WAS NOT COMPREHENDED OR UNDERSTOOD

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Indirect Cause – Lack of Resources

Lack of Resources can lead to unsafe acts/conditions because the resources (time, tools, equipment, materials, people) necessary to do the job safely are:

• NOT PROVIDED

• NOT APPROPRIATE (Skills, Size, Abilities, Type)

• NOT IN SAFE OPERATING CONDITION

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Indirect Cause – Lack of Belief

Lack of belief leads a person to commit an unsafe act or create an unsafe condition because they don’t really believe that they or someone else will be hurt. Further, there is a belief that a negative consequence will not result because of their action.

Lack of belief is almost always caused by past experience. Factors that can contribute to it are:

• POOR MORALE

• PEER PRESSURE

• PRODUCTIVITY PRESSURES

• INADEQUATE RESOURCES

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Lack of Belief – ABC’s

• Antecedent - Something that occurs before a certain behavior - Something that prompts you to act a certain way

• Behavior - An observable action

• Consequence - Reinforcement or punishment that results from the behavior - Always comes after the behavior - Can be positive or negative - Shapes future behavior

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Lack of Belief - Consequences

• Consequences can be:

- Positive or Negative - Immediate or Delayed - Certain or Uncertain

• Consequences that are Positive, Immediate, and Certain have the strongest effect on shaping future behavior.

• Consequences that are Negative, Distant, and Uncertain have the weakest effect on shaping future behavior.

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The Domino Sequence

The domino sequence depicted below is a model. Just as a model represents the actual object, this model represents how accidents happen.

Basic Cause

OrganizationalFailure

IndirectCause

Personal Lack Ofs

DirectCause

Unsafe Act Unsafe Condition

Accident Loss

Undesirable Results

Unplanned,Undesirable Event Which Results In a Loss

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Direct Cause

Direct causes are the unsafe acts and/or conditions that lead directly to the accident. Some facts about direct causes:

• Unsafe acts account for 85% of accidents; unsafe conditions account for 14% of accidents.

• However, most (99%) of the unsafe conditions were caused by an unsafe act.

• Therefore, 99% of all accidents are caused directly or indirectly by an unsafe act.

The direct cause should never be listed as the cause of an accident.The direct cause is really not a cause at all, it is a symptom or result of the indirect and basic causes.

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The Domino Sequence

The domino sequence depicted below is a model. Just as a model represents the actual object, this model represents how accidents happen.

Basic Cause

OrganizationalFailure

IndirectCause

Personal Lack Ofs

DirectCause

Unsafe Act Unsafe Condition

Accident Loss

Undesirable Results

Unplanned,Undesirable Event Which Results In a Loss

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Accident

An accident is defined as:

“An unplanned, undesirable, event which results in a LOSS”

An accident always results in a LOSS.

Everyone, Everywhere, Everyday – HOME SAFELY!

The Domino Sequence

The domino sequence depicted below is a model. Just as a model represents the actual object, this model represents how accidents happen.

Basic Cause

OrganizationalFailure

IndirectCause

Personal Lack Ofs

DirectCause

Unsafe Act Unsafe Condition

Accident Loss

Undesirable Results

Unplanned,Undesirable Event Which Results In a Loss

Everyone, Everywhere, Everyday – HOME SAFELY!

Loss

The loss is the result of an accident. Approximately 30 different losses have been identified as potential results of accidents. Some of these are as follows:

• Death• Injury• Lost Time• Damaged Morale• Damaged Tools• Damaged Equipment• Lost Materials

• Lost Productivity

• Civil Penalties

• Replacement Costs

• Economic Loss

• Loss Client Goodwill

• Lost Competitiveness

• Damage to Reputation

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How Accidents Happen

Basic Cause

OrganizationalFailure

IndirectCause

Personal Lack Of

DirectCause

Unsafe Act

Unsafe Condition

Accident

Undesired,UnplannedEvent WhichDisrupts WorkActivity

Loss

Undesirable Results

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The essential ingredient to establish breakthrough to safety excellence is the acceptance of personal responsibility by every member of the organization. It occurs when employees internalize the message:

" MY WELL-BEING AND THAT OF MY ENVIRONMENT IS NOT THE JOB OF SOMEONE ELSE. IT IS MY JOB, ABOVE AND BEYOND EVERYTHING ELSE I DO HERE."

It occurs when the personal protection equipment is automatically worn, when equipment is automatically secured and locked out, and when the necessary measures are taken to protect the worker and the environment.

The Breakthrough to Safety Excellence

Safety BASICs

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Reinforce Safe Work Practices

1. Talk with the person involved about the safe practice he or she is following.2. Ask the person to stop working and talk about the job.3. Acknowledge the safe practice.

For example, say “You did a great job of barricading this area so no one could get hurt.”4. Recognize that you can learn something from your fellow employee. Ask if the job could be done even more safely.5. Listen to the comments and follow through on suggestions.

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Prevent an Unsafe Act

Talk with employees & co-workers:• Reinforce safe work practices.• Use a questioning attitude, asking What

injuries can occur, If the unexpected happens? and How can this job be done more safely?

• Listen; give the person a chance to tell you what the hazards are.

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Prevent an Unsafe ActTalk with employees: (Continued)

• Address at-risk behaviors‒ “Talk With” the person involved until he or she

understands why the unsafe act is hazardous.

– Use your judgment; action to prevent must fit both the situation and your organization’s policies. Keep SOC/STOP separate from your progressive discipline system.

– Be alert for the underlying causes of unsafe acts.

– Try to discover, in the case of an employee-created unsafe condition, who created the condition and talk with that person.

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A lack of knowledge or training and top down approach

A belief that “It can’t happen to me” or “It won’t happen this time”

A habit

Unavailability of equipment and space

A belief that the procedure is adequate because no one has corrected it in the past

A sense of priorities putting comfort, production or quality above safety

A morale problem reflecting conditions on or off the job

The Underlying Causes

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Management is accountable for safety

Everyone is responsible for safety

Safety is a condition of employment

All injuries and occupational illnesses can be prevented

Safety must be equal to quality, morale, cost, and production

A near miss is a matter of luck

Safety off the job is an important element of the overall safety effort

Safety does not stop at the office

Do You Agree?

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Personal BenefitsPreventing InjuriesAvoiding Pain and SufferingShowing Colleagues you care about their welfareHelping keep your family and friends at home safe

Business BenefitsProductivityQualityRelationshipsCostsPublic ImageStatutory Compliance

Benefits of Good Safety Behavior

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An Unsafe Act is:Something done by a person that can cause an incident or injury.

An Unsafe Condition is:A situation that causes an incident or injury

Unsafe Acts are often the cause of Unsafe Conditions.

Unsafe Act(s) & Condition(s)

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Keep the workplace in a safe and environmentally fit condition

Carry out health, safety and environmental checks before, during and after work activities

Follow established standards, practices & procedures

Use your skills & knowledge to help others

Help us to improve WG Mustang’s & Industry Peer standards

Tell us where we can make HSSE improvements

What is your role?

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Reduce your risk of illness and injuryPreserve the environment for the futureImprove working conditionsHigh and consistent standardsEnhance BU performanceProtect the Group ReputationImprove our liability profileContinue leadership position - Industry & WorldBeing a part of a winning organization

PROTECTEDENVIRONMENT NO INJURIES

What’s in it for you?

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Be Safe,Do It the Right Way,Use Safety BASICs Skills…You can…

Always do YOUR part . . .