adaptations something an organism does or has that helps them to survive
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ADAPTATIONS
SOMETHING AN ORGANISM DOES or HAS that helps them
to SURVIVE
STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS
involves some part of an organism’s body
helps escape from enemies helps animals move helps animals catch food protects it from harsh environment
FEEDING
· teeth help chew and eat different kinds of food
incisors canines molarsbeaks special mouth parts
INCISORS two pairs of sharp front teeth –
found in rodents such as the beaver, rat, and chipmunk
work like scissors to chew and gnaw wood
the rodent’s teeth keep growing
MOLARS
flat teeth along the sides of the mouth
crush and grind tough plant materials
sheep and cows have these kind of teeth
CANINES a pointed tooth between the incisors
and premolars of a mammal seen in meat-eating animals such as
lions and wolves the teeth are useful in killing prey they use these sharp teeth to tear off
chunks of flesh these animals usually have small
molars
INSECTS have specialized mouth parts for
feeding the butterfly has a long tube-like
mouth that it can coil and uncoil – this helps them reach nectar that is in flower
BIRDS bills or beaks are adapted to
eating seeds, fruits or animals
MOVEMENT Ability to hop, run, climb, jump or
fly Body structure aids in movement
GIBBONS Lives in the forest of Asia Spend the majority of their time
in the trees Long, powerful arms that swing
from branches and gather fruit Clumsy on the ground
CHEETAH Carnivore that lives in Africa Catches prey (antelope) with its
speed Light build and long legs – long
stride Flexible backbone – stretches and
shortens like a spring 100 km/hour
FRIGATE BIRD
unable to walk and awkward on land masterful flier pilots have seen them at an altitude of
1,200m without landing, they travel 1,600 km in
search of food hover like a humming bird and swoop like
a hawk wing span of 2.5 meters wing feathers are 30 cm long
KANGAROOS plant eaters that hop about on
powerful legs (hind) takes leaps of 10m or more helps to escape wild dogs or other
enemies rabbits and frogs have similar hind
legs hind legs of hopping animals are
longer than their front legs
BODY COVERINGS worms and amphibians breathe
through their skin dusky salamander does not have
lungs. It breathes through its skin
REPTILES have scales or horny plates prevent loss of water
MAMMALS may shed hair as summer
approaches and grow thicker coats of hair in the fall
LOOKS THAT PROTECTstructural adaptations that involve appearance
PROTECTIVE COLORATION animal is hard to see so it’s harder to
be hunted by its enemies it makes the animal a successful hunter animal has similar color to that of its
environmentChameleon - a tree dwelling lizard found in Asia
and Africa changes color to match its surrounding; have special color cells with black, yellow and red pigments
Chameleon Thorny Devil
Protective Coloration
LOOKS THAT PROTECT –cont.
Seasonal Changes-snow shoe hare is white in winter and
brownish in summer-when it is white bobcat has difficulty
hunting it
Snow shoe hare has a light coat of reddish brown hair in summer AND thick coat of grayish white hair in winter
Protective Resemblance
-animal look similar to something in its environment walking stick, leaf bug
Walking Stick bug Malaysian Horned
Frog.
Mimicry-harmless animals benefit by looking poisonous or dangerous-monarch butterfly and viceroy
The back of the hawkmoth caterpillar (Hemeroplanes sp.) looks like a snake's head
When you're easy pickings for any number of predators the ability to turn yourself into a snake is a handy one. And that's what the snake mimic hawkmoth caterpillar appears to be able to do. When threatened it will pull in its legs and head and expand the back part of its body to make itself resemble a snake. This snake's head is actually the tail of the caterpillar.
BEHAVIOR ADAPTATIONS an adaptation can also be
something that an animal does activities and actions of an animal any activity that helps an animal
survive some behaviors are learned- wolf pups learn to hunt by imitating
adult wolves
INSTINCT any behavior pattern that an
animal is born with - examples are nest building and
the raising of young blue jays build its nest with small sticks and
lines the inside of the nest with roots from small plants
MIGRATION
movement of an animal or group of animals from one region to another
often related to a change in seasonBREEDING GROUNDS a journey to better feeding grounds to reproduce and raise their young
Insects - Monarchs migrate to follow the milkweed
ARCTIC TERN Makes the longest journey of any
bird During the summer it breeds in
Alaska, Canada, Greenland and Northern Europe and Asia
They fly over oceans to reach Antarctica for the Antarctic summer
GRAY WHALE summers spent in the Bering Sea,
north and west of Alaska fall they migrate to Baja, California Alaska fur seal has a similar
pattern
WILDEBEEST Grazing animals that migrate in search
of water Live part of the year on the plains in East
Africa Dry season begins in June A 300 KM journey takes them to a region
where water can be found They return to the plains in December
for the rainy season
HIBERNATION An animal’s body temperature drops to
about the temperature of the environment
Does not drop lower than the freezing point of water
Breathing and heartbeat become very slow
The animal lives off the fat stored in its body
COLD-BLOODED ANIMALS An animal whose body temperature changes
as the temperature of the environment changes – snails, amphibians, and reptiles
Many animals hibernate in the mud In the fall, turtles and frogs bury themselves
in the mud at the bottom of a lake or pond Spotted salamanders hibernate in wood Snakes hibernate in dens. The den may be a
hole in the ground under a large rock.
WARM BLOODED ANIMALS Have a fairly consistent body
temperature – woodchuck, chipmunks, bears, raccoons, and skunks
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