adv lab manual
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Introduction
This laboratory manual was initially created by my teaching assistants Dave Gardner, Lauren
Zollinger, Josh Jones, and Susan McLaughlin during the Spring semester of 1999. They wanted the students
to have a clear understanding of what they were accountable for, as well as what they could expect to cover ineach laboratory session. Since the lab is more readily available to students in the advanced anatomy class, wealso want to share with you some protocol concerning the proper use and care of the lab and its valuable
materials. Current teaching assistants and myself have modified the original version to help you get the most outof the laboratory experience.
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Anatomy Foundation
Much of the information that you will learn in the lab (and in the lecture) requires a good anatomy foundation.There are a few things that you should review and be able to identify on your own in the first one or two weeks
of lab:
1. Allof the muscles in the trunk and limbs (including the hand and foot)2. Allof the bones of the articulated skull
Relearning this material will also be a big help on the midterm lecture tests. It takes a little time and work, but
without a good foundation, building more knowledge is impossible. TheAtlas of Human Anatomy by FrankNetter is a useful visual aid for the course. You can use it to brush up on structures and then you can come to
the lab to review them on your own. You do not need to go out and purchase the book. It is available on thecomputers in the BioMicroLab. Your lab manual from Biology 2325 Human Anatomy informs you how to
access the software on the computers.
Expectations
This is a 5000 level class; therefore, more is expected of you than in Human Anatomy (Bio 2325). That doesntnecessarily mean that youre expected to stockpile more information than the other class. It means that you
want to be here to learn anatomy. We expect you to put more time and work into it. We expect you to enjoy it.If you do put work into it, well guarantee that youll have no regrets at the end of the semester. Some
suggestions:
1. Use the lab. Set aside a time during the posted office hours every week when you can come to the lab for anhour or so to review lab material. This normally is much more enjoyable to do with friends taking the class. If
you dont know people in the class, get to know them especially those in your group.2. Dont just point out structures that a TA has already shown you on a particular part in lab. On the practical
exam we might use pieces that you have never seen in the lab. Therefore, memorizing a particular prosectionisnt always helpful. Its also tempting to just have a TA show you everything on one of the dissections, but
that isnt always the best method. Try to find the structure on your own or with your anatomy buddies. Itinvolves a little more work and looking in books, but when you finally find it, youll remember it and be able to
find it on another piece and more importantly you will be more likely to be able to identify it on a practicalexam. To check yourself, do not hesitate to check your find with a friendly TA after your search.3. The following books are beneficial in helping you learn the material. Netters Atlas is great. Moores
Clinical Anatomy is great. Rohen/Yokochis Color Atlas of Human Anatomy is great. The British GraysAnatomy is really great. The books are available in the libraries on campus or can be purchased through
Amazon.com. There are also other good anatomy, embryology, comparative morphology, and neuroanatomytexts in the lab office, library, and bookstore. Doing a little research on a question also will help you remember
what you learn. If you learn anything neat on your own about what were studying, share it with us! Also,remember that the Interactive Atlas CD you used in the Human Anatomy course can be an excellent resource
for this course also.
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4. Come to lab prepared. There are no quizzes at the beginning of lab to make you know the parts before westart, except during lab two. There is a list of Netter Plates given for each lab that you should study carefully.
Coming to lab unprepared usually results in a bad learning experience.5. Ask questions to the TAs and yourself. Think about anatomy critically. There are usually neat and
stimulating answers to why and how questions that keep you desirous to learn more.6. Many times, we will not be able to go over every structure on the Structures to Identify in Lab list duringlab time. You should come in on your own to see these parts. This is especially true of the skulls. Coming to
office hours on a regular basis will be very beneficial, as it is impossible to cram for exams and the finalpractical exam.
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Care of Skulls
We are lucky to have a number of good quality human skulls from which to learn. Wed like to keep it that wayfor future students. Skulls are fragile so weve made a few rules to maintain their good condition.
1. Do not remove skulls from lab.
2. Carefully use wires to point out any landmarks or foramina on the skulls. The wires are located in the frontcupboard by the disarticulated skull box. Never use a pen or pencil!!
3. Do not try to carry more than one skull at a time.4. Skull calvaria and some mandibles can fall off easily be careful!
5. Always return the skulls to their individual storage container and place the container under the front table ofthe lab and the wires to theirs (see #2). There is no excuse for leaving skulls and wires out!
5. The disarticulated skulls (the one in the green box and the explode-a-skull) are especially fragile. Pleasebe extra careful handling these rare pieces.
Hey man! Stop
playing with mynasal conchae!
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Care of Cadaver Parts
Unlike theHuman Anatomy (Bio 2325) class, you will be allowed and encouraged to go into the lab duringoffice hours to study cadaver prosections on your own. This is a privilege normally reserved for anatomy TAs
only; therefore, this opportunity requires you to be responsible. Cadavers are hard to come by and an
unbelievable amount of time goes into preparing the prosections. If a part is ruined (a nerve or vessel torn, amuscle ripped, etc.) its possible that it cannot be replaced without money and hours of dissection time. Thatmeans that other students will suffer the consequences of one persons carelessness. Here are the lab rules and
some guidelines to keep these parts in good condition so that we can have a quality lab experience.
1. If you take something out of a container (containers will be labeled), see that it is returned to the samecontainer. Never leave a part out.
2. You can use the trays in the cadaver room for moving the cadaver parts to the main lab. Just be sure to cleanthe tray with the yellow soap above the sink, dry it, and replace it after youre done.
3. Use the phenoxyethanol (in the clear spray bottles above the sink) to keep the parts moist while you arelooking at them. Spray them every few minutes you can never keep them too moist! When you put the part
back, spray it again along with all the other parts in the container. Completely cover the parts with the cloth (ifthe cloth is missing or too small tell a TA) and spray it thoroughly.
4. Place parts carefully in their container avoid stacking parts on top of one another and snagging other parts.Be sure that the lid is closed securely (it should snap).
5. There are probes in the first drawer in the cadaver room. The best way to point things out is to simply placethe point of the probe a few millimeters above the structure without touching it (thus the word point).
Hooking the probe under a muscle, vessel, or nerve is asking for trouble one slip and theyre gone. Never rubthe probe back and forth on a muscle (it seems almost instinctual, but it ruins the part).
6. Clean the desk you used with the yellow soap and a sponge when youre done. Some people dont like tostudy on desks speckled with cadaver juice.
7. Netters Atlases, Moores Clinical Anatomy, the Color Atlas of Human Anatomy as well as other reference
books are available in the office for your use. They cannot leave the lab. Lets try to keep the books in goodcondition dont handle them with dirty cadaver hands and keep them away from the phenoxyethanol spray.8. A.D.A.M. Dissectable anatomy software is available on the computers in the computer lab upstairs.
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The Practical Exams
There will be three practical exams a skull practical exam, another midterm practical exam, and a finalpractical exam. The first two will take place during a rotation of the days lab. The final practical exam will
take up the whole lab time during the last week of labs.
Material CoveredNumber of Questions
(points)Date and Time
Slide Quiz onBones of the Skull
All Skull Bone 5 Lab #2
Skull PracticalAll skull bones, sutures,
landmarks, and foramina20 Consult syllabus
Midterm Practical
All structures from Labs 1
through 7 and corresponding
lecture information except forskull structures
20 Consult syllabus
Final PracticalAll structures from Labs 1
through 10 and corresponding
lecture information
75 + 5 bonus questions Consult syllabus
The Advanced Anatomy practical exams are a little different than the Bio 2325 exams. We will use some parts
that youve never seen before in lab, so it pays to learn the anatomy, not the part. Well ask questions about aprobed part instead of just asking you to name it (i.e.From what branchial arch is this muscle derived? orWhat
spinal levels innervate this muscle?). Thus, you have to know the material from lecture as well as the structure
name.
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Sample Problem Set
Below is an example of the format and process you should follow to answer the problem set questions. Itshows your thought process in a logical sequence. Always start by making a list of the known facts pertinent to
the question. Then relate how these "knowns" are important in leading to a diagnosis or answer to the problem.
You want to arrive at a conclusion in the most parsimonious way, that is, with the least amount of assumptions.Note: You will not get full credit for the problem set if you merely suggest the possible answer and diagnosis,you must list the knowns and show the logical progression as to how you arrived at your conclusion.
Question:
While working at the emergency room you examine a child with a large laceration medial to theolecranon. Upon examination you find that her wrist is slightly deviated toward the radius and she is unable to
flex the distal interphalangeal joints on both her ring and little fingers. Using your knowledge of anatomyexplain how you would pinpoint the lesion.
Start by listing known facts, from your anatomical knowledge, that are related to the information you get fromthe problem, then expand on those knowns.
Knowns
- slight radial deviation of wrist suggests that ulnar deviation is not totally functional and cannot strike a balancewith the radial deviators.
- flexion of the distal interphalangeal joints is performed by the flexor digitorum profundus.- the flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by both the median and ulnar nerves.
-the ulnar nerve innervates the ulnar half of this muscle. The tendons that attach to the ring and little fingers(usually).
-the ulnar nerve also innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris, an ulnar deviator of the wrist. This, however, is not the
only ulnar deviator of the wrist.-the ulnar nerve is superficial in a groove posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, corresponding tothe location of the laceration.
- the cutaneous field of the ulnar nerve is the skin on palmar and dorsal surfaces of the hypothenar region andring and little fingers.
Then formulate a logical list of intermediate conclusions that are supported by the known facts (if applicable).
Intermediate Conclusions
- slight radial deviation of the wrist suggests that ulnar deviation is not totally functional and cannot strike abalance with the radial deviators.
- Damage to the ulnar nerver could cause the paralysis of the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus andflexor carpi ulnaris muscles.
Now that you have described your "knowns" and intermediate conclusions based on the knowns, arrive at the
most parsimonious final conclusion and diagnose the lesion (problem). Clearly explain all manifestationsmentioned in the problem. You should also describe any further tests you might perform to further solidify your
diagnosis.
Answer
Based on the inability to flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the two digits on the ulnar side of the hand, the
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lesion must involve damage to the ulnar nerve because this nerve innervates the only muscle that can producethat movement. This nerves location posterior to the medial epicondyle corresponds to the sight of injury. The
slight radial deviation results from paralysis of the flexor carpi ulnaris, an ulnar deviator. The reason the wristexhibits only a slight radial deviation is because the extensor carpi ulnaris, another ulnar deviator, is still
functional and helps somewhat counterbalance the three radial deviators - the flexor carpi radialis, extensorcarpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi radialis brevis. To further substantiate damage to the ulnar nerve a
pinprick test should be used to determine cutaneous sensation. The prediction is that there is loss of cutaneous
sensation in the ulnar cutaneous field (draw a picture to demonstrate).
Problem Set Write-up and Evaluation
The following procedures should be used when writing up the answers to the problem sets:
Begin by listing the relevant known facts that apply to the problem. This list should be a columnar list ofsentences. It should not be a paragraph. The known facts can be obtained from the problem itself and formyour knowledge of anatomy related what is stated in the problem. Do not make any assumptions, use onlythe information presented in the problem.
The known facts should be followed with a logical list of conclusions that are supported by the knownfacts.
Use of simple diagrams is recommended.
Your work should be clearly presented and organized.
The evaluation of the problem set will be as follows:
One point will be given for having a list of clearly stated known facts that are relevant. That is, a list ofanatomical knowledge that is related to the information presented in the problem.
One point will be given if the conclusions are clearly supported by the relevant known facts.
Two points will be given for a worthy effort, even if you go way off track. That is, if you have knownfacts and conclusions and solutions organized.
One point will be given for arriving at a solid answer or diagnosis. This is the most parsimonious solutionsupported by the summary of the related known facts. The answer should also include further tests thatcould help substantiate the diagnosis.
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Lab #1
Objectives:
The lab will have four rotations. Well use all four rotations to see a few structures that we learned in BIO 2315
but didnt identify in that lab, plus some new structures from this semester. We wont be able to show youeverything, so be sure to come to office hours during the week to see everything and review.
Preparation:
Study the anatomy from the "Structures to Identify in lab" list on the following plates ofNetters Atlas:
9, 11, 20 - 25, 46 - 49, 53, 54, 58, 59, 61, 62, 72, 73, 79, 89, 161, 162, 233
Many of the structures that Mark teaches in lecture are not in Netters Atlas, so it is important to study
pages 40 60 in the lecture manual to prepare for lab. You are responsible forall structures.
Structures to Identify in Lab:
Hypaxial Muscles
Subvertebral Group
Longus Colli
Longus Capitis
Rectus Captitis Anterior
Internal Layer of Lateral Group
Anterior Scalene
Intertransversarii Cervicis AnterioresIntertransversarii Lumborum Lateralis
Anteriores
Intermediate Layer of Lateral Group
Middle Scalene
Rectus Capitis Lateralis
Intertransversarii Cervicis Posteriores
Laterales
Intertransversarii Lumborum Lateralis
Posteriores
Cremaster
External Layer of Lateral Group
Posterior ScaleneVentral Group
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Geniohyoid
Omohyoid
Pyramidalis
Epaxial Muscles Superficial Series
Splenius Group
Splenius Capitis
Splenius Cervicis
Sacrospinalis Group (Erector Spinae)
Iliocostalis Lumborum, Thoracis, and
Cervicis
Longissimus Thoracis, Cervicis, andCapitis
Spinalis Thoracis, Cervicis, and Capitis
Epaxial Muscles Deep Series
Transversospinalis Group
Semispinalis (Cervicis and Capitis)
Multifidus Lumborum, Thoracis, and
Cervicis *note spinous/laminar fibers
Rotatores
Intervertebral Group
InterspinalesLevatores Costarum
Intertransversarii Cervicis Posteriores
Medialis
Intertransversarii Thoracis
Intertransversarii Lumborum Medialis
Suboccipital Muscles
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Obliquus Capitis Superior
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Skeletal Derivatives of the Branchial Arches
First Arch
Incus
Malleus
Sphenomandibular Ligament
Second Arch
Stapes
Styloid ProcessStylohyoid Ligament
Lesser Cornu and Cranial Part of Hyoid
Body
Third Arch
Greater Cornu and Inferior Part of
Hyoid
Body
Forth through Sixth Arches
Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Arytenoid Cartilages
Vocal Ligament
Somitic Head Muscles
Preotic Somites
Superior, Inferior, Medial, and Lateral
Rectus
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Superior and Inferior Obliques
Occipital Somites
Styloglossus
Genioglossus
HyoglossusSuperior Longitudinal Linguae
Transverse Linguae
Inferior Longitudinal Linguae
Muscles of the Branchial Arches
First Arch
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Anterior Digastricus
MylohyoidTensor Veli Palatini
Tensor Tympani
Second Arch
Platysma
Muscles of Facial Expression
Orbicularis Oris
Orbicularis Oculi
Nasal Group
Zygomaticus (major and minor)
Buccinator
Posterior Digastricus
Auricular GroupOccipitofrontalis
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
Third Arch
Stylopharyngeus
Fourth Arch
Levator Veli Palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Muscularis Uvulae
Superior Constrictor
Middle ConstrictorInferior Constrictor
Cricothyroideus
Sixth Arch
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Oblique Arytenoid
Transverse Arytenoid
Thyroarytenoid
Vocalis
Aryepiglotticus
Thyroepiglotticus
Posterior ArchesSternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
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Lab #2
Objectives:
The four rotations will be used to learn the skull, other parts ofaxial skeleton, cerebrospinal circulation,
components of the central nervous system.
Preparation:
Study the anatomy from the "Structures to Identify in lab" list on the following plates ofNetters Atlas:
1 10, 13 16, 94, 96 98, 108, 109, 143 149, 151, 155, 156
Study pages 61 132 of the lecture manual (it isnt necessary to know everything in the text about the skull those pages are just for your reference). Before lab, you should already feel comfortable identifying the
individual bones on a model or real skull. There is no way that we will be able to show you all of the skull
landmarks and foramena. In lab, we will focus on the more difficult ones, and youll be responsible to comein and learn the rest on your own. Many of the landmarks are not in Netters so be sure to ask a TA to showthem to you.
Structures to Identify in Lab:
Skull Bones, Landmarks, and ForaminaSutures
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
SquamousEthmoid
Lamina Cribrosa
Foramina Cribrosa
Anterior Ethmoid Foramen or Notch
Posterior Ethmoid Foramen or Notch
Perpendicular Lamina
Crista Galli
Superior Nasal Concha
Middle Nasal Concha
Frontal
Anterior Ethmoid Foramen or Notch
Posterior Ethmoid Foramen or NotchEthmoidal Notch
Foramen Caecum
Frontal Foramen or Notch
Supraorbital Foramen or Notch
Fossa for Lacrimal Gland
Hyoid
Body
Greater Cornu
Lesser Cornu
Inferior Nasal Concha (paired)Lacrimal (paired)
Mandible
Condyloid Process
Coronoid Process
Ramus
Angle
Mylohyoid Line
Digastric Fossa
Mandibular Foramen
Mandibular Canal
Mental Foramen
Maxilla (paired)Infraorbital Foramen
Infraorbital Canal
Alveolar Process
Incisive Fossa and Canal
Incisive Foramina
Palatine Process
Maxillary Sinus
Nasal (paired)
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Occipital
Clivus (with sphenoid bone)
Superior Nuchal Line
External Occipital Protuberance
Occipital Condyles
Pharyngeal Tubercle
Foramen Magnum
Jugular Notch
Hypoglossal CanalCondylar Canal
Palatine (paired)
Horizontal Plate
Greater Palatine Sulcus or Groove
Lesser Palatine Foramina
Lesser Palatine Canals
Perpendicular Plate
Sphenopalatine Incisure or Notch
Parietal (paired)
Superior Temporal Line
Parietal Foramen
SphenoidClivus (with occipital bone)
Greater Wing
Spine of the Sphenoid
Lesser Wing
Sella Turcica
Anterior Clinoid Processes
Optic Canal
Superior Orbital Fissure
Foramen Rotundum
Foramen Venosum
Foramen Ovale
Foramen PetrosumForamen Spinosum
Pterygoid Processes
Pterygoid Canal
Lateral Pterygoid Plate
Medial Pterygoid Plate
Hamulus
Temporal (paired)
Zygomatic Process
Mastoid Process
Mastoid Notch
Styloid Process
Mandibular Fossa
Petrotympanic Fissure
Tympanomastoid Fissure
External Acoustic MeatusCarotid Canal
Tympanic Canaliculus
Jugular Fossa
Mastoid Canaliculus
Stylomastoid Foramen
Mastoid Foramen
Trigeminal Impression
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Hiatus for Greater Petrosal Nerve
Hiatus for Lesser Petrosal Nerve
Vomer
Zygomatic (paired)Zygomaticofacial Foramen
Zygomaticotemporal Foramen
Zygomaticoorbital Foramen
Other Foramina and Such (see complete list of
foramina on page 100 of lecture
manual)
Foramen Lacerum
Jugular Notch (part of jugular foramen
on
occipital bone)
Greater Palatine Foramen
Sphenopalatine ForamenPalatovaginal Canal
Pterygopalatine Fossa
Pterygomaxillary Fissure
Pterion
Vertebrae
Body
Pedicle
Lamina
Transverse ProcessMammillary Process
Accessory Process
Zygapophyses
Spinous Process
Vertebral Foramen
Intervertebral Foramen and Notches
Nucleus Pulposus
Annulus Fibrosus
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Ligaments of the Vertebral Column
Post-atlantoaxial Vertebral Ligaments
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
Interspinous Ligament
Supraspinous Ligament
Nuchal LigamentCraniovertebral Ligaments
Anterior Atlanto-occipital Membrane
Posterior Atlanto-occipital Membrane
Tectorial Membrane
Apical Ligament
Cruciform Ligament
Transverse Ligament of Atlas
Superior and Inferior
Longitudinal Bands
Alar Ligaments
Meninges
Periosteal Dura
Meningeal Dura
Falx Cerebri
Tentorium Cerebelli
Subdural Space
Arachnoid Mater
Arachnoid Trabeculae
Subarachnoid Space
Denticulate Ligament
Filum Terminale
Ventricles
Lateral Ventricles
Septum Pellucidum
Interventricular Foramen (of Monroe)
Third Ventricle
Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius)
Fourth Ventricle
Median Aperture (Foramen of Magendie)
Lateral Apertures (Foramina of Luschka)
Choriod Plexus
Arachnoid Villi
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Lab #3
Objectives:
One rotation will be used to learn dorsal ramus anatomy, general ventral ramus branches, and the
autonomic nervous system. One rotation will be used to review anatomy learned in previous labs, and theother two rotations will be used to discuss problem set questions.
Preparation:
Study the anatomy from the "Structures to Identify in lab" list on the following plates ofNetters Atlas (thenumbers in parentheses are from the new edition):
124, 125, 152, 153, 156, 163, 164, 166, 174, 198, 228, 304 (300)
Study pages 128 152 of the lecture manual some of the structures are not found inNetters Atlas.
Structures to Identify in Lab:
Spinal Nerve Anatomy
Ventral and Dorsal Roots/Rootlets
Spinal (Dorsal Root) Ganglion
Spinal Nerve Trunk
Ventral and Dorsal Rami
Ventral Ramus Branches
Gray Communicating Ramus
White Communicating Ramus
Main Branch
Lateral Cutaneous Branch
Anterior Cutaneous Branch
Communicating Branch
Collateral Branch
Dorsal Ramus Anatomy
Medial Branch
Lateral Branch
Greater Occipital Nerve
Least (3rd
) Occipital Nerve
Superior Cluneal Nerves
Middle Cluneal Nerves
Autonomic Nervous System
Superior Cervical Ganglion
Internal Carotid Nerve
External Carotid Nerve
Carotid Branch
Middle Cervical Ganglion
Ansa Subclavia
Inferior Cervical GanglionVertebral Nerve
Carotid Branch
Greater Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve
Lesser Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve
Least Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve
Celiac Ganglia/Plexus
Sacral Parasympathetic Splanchnic Nerve
Brain Anatomy
MyelencephalonMedulla Oblongata
Olive
Pyramid
Pyramidal Decussation
Metencephalon
PonsCerebellar Peduncles
Cerebellum
Mesencephalon
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Cerebral Peduncles
Corpora Quadrigemina
Inferior Colliculi
Superior Colliculi
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
(Body)
Medial Geniculate Nucleus(Body)
Optic Chiasma
Optic Tract
Hypothalamus
Infundibular Stalk
Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary
Gland)
Pineal Body or Gland (Epiphysis)
Telencephalon
Limbic System
Hippocampus
FornixMamillary Bodies
Corpus Callosum
Cerebral Cortex
Frontal Lobe
Precentral Gyrus
Central Sulcus
Parietal Lobe
Postcentral Gyrus
Parieto-occipital Sulcus
Occipital Lobe
Calcarine Sulcus
Lateral SulcusTemporal Lobe
Insula (Lobe)
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Lab #4
Objectives:
One rotation will be a skull practicum. One rotation will be used to learn the cervical plexus (if theres time at
the end, well review past anatomy), and the other two rotations will be used to discuss problem set questions.
Preparation:
Study the anatomy from the "Structures to Identify in lab" list on the following plates ofNetters Atlas:
18, 26, 27, 121 - 123
Study pages 159 176 of the lecture manual.
Structures to Identify in Lab:
Cervical Plexus
Lesser Occipital Nerve
Great Auricular Nerve
Transverse Cutaneous Nerve of the Neck
Supraclavicular Nerve
Phrenic Nerve
Ansa Cervicalis
Superior Omohyoid Nerve
Sternothyroid Nerve
Sternohyoid NerveInferior Omohyoid Nerve
Branches Traveling with Hypoglossal Nerve
Geniohyoid Nerve
Thyrohyoid NerveCommunicating Branches With Accessory
Nerve (XI)
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Lab #5
Objectives:
Well use two rotations to discuss problem set questions, one rotation to review anatomy from previous labs,
and one rotation to learn the brachial plexus.
Preparation:
Study the anatomy from the "Structures to Identify in lab" list on the following plates ofNetters Atlas (thenumbers in parentheses are from the new edition):
401 (397), 404 (400), 405 (401), 407 (403), 408 (404), 419 (415), 420 422 (416 418), 432 (428),
433 (429), 438 442 (434 438), 446 449 (442 445), 451 453 (447 449)
Study pages 177 195 of the lecture manual. Be sure to learn the important points and cutaneous distribution
of all of the nerves before lab.
Structures to Identify in Lab:
Brachial Plexus
Lateral Pectoral Nerve
Suprascapular Nerve
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Nerve to Subclavius
Accessory Phrenic Nerve
Long Thoracic NerveMedial Pectoral Nerve
Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve
Intercostobrachial Nerve
Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Dorsal Branch
Palmer Branch
Common Palmar Digital Nerve
Proper Palmer Digital Nerves
Anastomotic Branch to Median Nerve
Median Nerve
Palmer BranchCommon Palmar Digital Nerves
Proper Palmer Digital Nerves
Anastomotic Branch to Ulnar Nerve
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve
Upper Subscapular Nerve
Thoracodorsal Nerve
Lower Subscapular Nerve
Radial NerveInferior Lateral Brachial Cutaneous
Nerve
Posterior Brachial Cutaneous Nerve
Posterior Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve
Deep Branch
Superficial Branch
Axillary Nerve
Superior Lateral Brachial Cutaneous
Nerve
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Lab #6
Objectives:
Two rotations will be used to see the lumbosacral plexus and other new anatomy and the other two
rotations will be used to discuss problem set questions.
Preparation:
Study the anatomy from the "Structures to Identify in lab" list on the following plates ofNetters Atlas (the
numbers in parentheses are from the new edition):
232 - 234, 236, 237, 240, 242 - 245, 250, 466 473 (462 469), 485 487 (481 483), 489 (485),497 503 (493 499), 506 513 (502 509)
Study pages 177 195 of the lecture manual. Be sure to learn the important points and cutaneous distribution
of all of the nerves before lab.
Structures to Identify in Lab:
Lumbar Plexus
Subcostal Nerve
Iliohypogastric Nerve
Ilioinguinal Nerve
Genitofemoral Nerve
Genital Branch
Femoral BranchLateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Femoral Nerve
Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
(intermediate and medial cutaneous
nerves of thigh)
Saphenous Nerve
Obturator Nerve
Anterior Branch
Posterior Branch
Cutaneous Branch
Sacral Plexus
Superior Glutael Nerve
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Nerve to Superior Gemellus (and obturator
internus)
Nerve to Inferior Gemellus (and quadratus
femoris)Pudendal Nerve
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Perforating Cutaneous Nerve
Nerve to Piriformis
Sciatic Nerve
Tibial Nerve
Sural Nerve
Medial Calcaneal Nerve
Medial Plantar Nerve
Lateral Plantar Nerve
Common Peroneal Nerve
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of theCalf
Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Deep Peroneal Nerve
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Body Wall Fascial Pattern
Epidermis
Dermis
Superficial Fascia
Deep Investing Fascia (Deep Fascia)
Internal Investing Fascia (Transversalis Fascia)
Subserous Fascia
Parietal Mesothelium
Rectus Sheath Anatomy
Semilunar Line
Linea Alba
Arcuate Line
Inguinal Canal
Dartos (Superficial) Fascia
External Spermatic Fascia
Cremasteric Fascia and Muscle
Internal Spermatic Fascia
Parietal Layer of Tunica Vaginalis
Visceral Layer of Tunica Vaginalis
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Lab #7
Objectives:
In two rotations well learn head and neck vascularization and in the other two, well discuss problem set
questions.
Preparation:
Study the anatomy from the "Structures to Identify in lab" list on the following plates ofNetters Atlas:
14, 17, 26, 29, 97, 98, 131 136, 157, 158
Study pages 245 261 from the lecture manual. Remember that arteries and veins are named for where theygoing, not where they start.
Structures to Identify in Lab:
Arteries of the Head and Neck
External Carotid Artery
Superior Thyroid Artery
Lingual Artery
Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
Facial Artery
Occipital Artery
Posterior Auricular Artery
Superficial Temporal Artery
Transverse Facial ArteryMaxillary Artery
Middle Meningeal Artery
Inferior Alveolar Artery
Internal Carotid Artery
Opthalmic Artery
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Anterior Communicating Artery
Anterior Choriodal Artery
Middle Cerebral Artery
Posterior Communicating Artery
Vertebral Artery
Anterior Spinal ArteryPosterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
Basilar Artery
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar
Artery
Superior Cerebellar Artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Spinal Cord Arteries
Radicular Artery
Anterior Spinal Artery
Posterior Spinal Artery
Sulcal (central) Artery
Pial (superficial) Artery
Extracranial Veins
External Jugular VeinAnterior Jugular Vein
Posterior External Jugular Vein
Occipital Vein
Posterior Auricular Vein
Retromandibular Vein
Maxillary Vein
Superficial Vein
Internal Jugular Vein
Lingual Vein
Pharyngeal Vein
Superior Thyroid Vein
Facial Vein
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Dural Venous Sinuses
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Inferior Saggital Sinus
Straight Sinus
Transverse Sinus
Sigmoid Sinus
Superior Petrosal Sinus
Inferior Petrosal SinusBasilar Sinus
Cavernous Sinus
Sphenoparietal Sinus
Occipital Sinus
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Lab #8
Objectives:
In this lab, one rotation will be a midterm practicum testing everything up through cranial nerves worth 20
points that will give you an idea of what the final will be like. The next three labs are dedicated to cranialnerves. One rotation will be used to learn ventral and special sensory cranial nerves, and the other tworotations will be used to discuss problem set questions.
Preparation:To prepare for the midterm, be sure to take advantage of office hours to see the structures and study your lecture
manual and notes to understandthe structures. Remember that the practicum will ask questions abouta partthat is probed.
Study the anatomy from the "Structures to Identify in lab" list on the following plates ofNetters Atlas:
29, 40, 65, 81, 98, 108, 109, 112 115, 118, 122
Study pages 270 292 in the lecture manual. Learn the pathways of all of the nerves. Remember nerves are
usually named for where they are going.
Structures to Identify in Lab:
Cranial Nerves
Ventral (Somitic) Nerves
Oculomotor Nerve (III)
Cilliary Ganglion
Short Cilliary Nerve
Trochlear Nerve (IV)
Abducens Nerve (VI)
Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Special Sensory Nerves
Olfactory Nerve (I)
Optic Nerve (II)
Optic ChiasmaOptic Tract
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Optic Radiations
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
Mnemonics:
Oh, Olfactory I
Oh, Optic II
Oh, Oculomotor III
To Trochlear IV
Touch Trigeminal VA Abducens VI
Few Facial VII
Very Vestibulocochlear VIII
Green Glossopharyngeal IX
Vegetables Vagus X
A Accessory XI
H Hypoglossal XII
Some I
Say II
Money III
Matters IVBut V
My VI
Brother VII
Says VIII
Big IX
Boobs X
Matter XI
Most XII
(Key: S=sensory; M=motor; B=both)
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Lab #9
Objectives:
Two rotations will be used to learn the trigeminal and facial nerves (if we have extra time, well review
anatomy from past labs). The other two rotations will be used to discuss problem set questions.
Preparation:
Study the anatomy from the "Structures to Identify in lab" list on the following plates ofNetters Atlas:
18, 19, 37 39, 40, 41, 56, 65, 81, 89, 98, 108, 109, 112, 116, 117
Study pages 293 - 319 in the lecture manual. Learn the pathways of both nerves and their branches.
Structures to Identify in Lab:Cranial Nerves
Dorsal Nerves
Trigeminal Nerve (V)
Opthalmic Nerve (V1)
Lacrimal Nerve
Communication with ZygomaticNerve
Frontal Nerve
Supratrochlear Nerve
Supraorbital NerveNasocilliary Nerve
Long Cilliary Nerve
Posterior Ethmoid Nerve
Anterior Ethmoid Nerve
Internal Nasal Nerve
External Nasal Nerve
Infratrochlear Nerve
Maxillary Nerve (V2)
Infraorbital Nerve
Zygomatic Nerve
Zygomaticotemporal Nerve
Zygomaticofacial NerveSuperior Alveolar Nerve
Mandibular Nerve (V3)
Meningeal Nerve (Nervous Spinosus)
Lingual Nerve
Auriculotemporal Nerve
Buccal Nerve
Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Nerve to Mylohyoid
Mental Nerve
Facial Nerve (VII)
Greater Petrosal Nerve
Nerve of Pterygoid Canal (Vidian
Nerve)
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
Greater Palatine Nerve
Lesser Palatine Nerve
Chorda Tympani Nerve
Muscular Branches:
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical
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Lab #10
Objectives:
One rotation will be used to finish up the cranial nerves by learning IX, X, and XI. Another rotation will be
used to review past anatomy, and the final two rotations will be used for discussing problem set questions.
Preparation:
Study the anatomy from the "Structures to Identify in lab" list on the following plates ofNetters Atlas:
27, 56, 58, 63, 68, 69, 74, 98, 112, 119 121, 163
Study pages 321 - 340 in the lecture manual. Learn the pathways of the three nerves and their branches.
Structures to Identify in Lab:Cranial Nerves
Dorsal Nerves (cont.)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
Lesser Petrosal Nerve
Vagus Nerve (X)
Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Internal Laryngeal Nerve
External Laryngeal Nerve
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Accessory Nerve (XI)
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