affordable housing in mega cities

8/3/2019 Affordable Housing in Mega Cities.

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Topic-Affordable Housing In Megacities

International Conference On Human Habitat

Author

Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect

Ar.Suvarna Lele Ar,Sarita Deshpande

ICHH-2012 Rizvi College of Architecture

Author

Topic-Affordable Housing In Megacities

Housing Scenario and Urbanization : India

1. India is undergoing transition from rural to urbansociety.

2. Increasing migration from rural to urban areas.3. Mismatch between demand and supply of sites

and services.4. Disparity between high land costs of constructionand lower incomes leading to non sustainablesituation.

5.Lack of equitable supply of land, shelter andservices at affordable prices.

6. Depletion of resources in construction andnegligence of ecology in design.7. Lack of application of cost effectiveness and

energy efficiency in construction.

1.28% urban population growth (Census 2001).

2.40% by 2020 (Vision 2020 ² Planning Commission).

3. 50% by 2041 (draft Urban India Report).

4.Growing urbanisationhas led to :

a) pressure on the availability of land and infrastructure

b) deterioration of housing conditions of the weaker sections of society

c) increased number of slums and squatter settlements.

Housing Scenario and Urbanization : India

Necessity of Providing Affordable housing

1.Urban population likelyto grow from 285.3million in 2001 to 360million in 2010

2.Nearly 36% of India·spopulation likely to beurbanised by 2005.

3.Employment in servicesand real estates showa sharp rise. Rise in population in last ten years is

790.2 millionsS0urce-Registrar General Of India

y Housing Requirement

y Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five Year Plan(1.4.2007)24.71million dwelling units

y Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th Plan (2007-2012)1.82million dwelling units

y Total housing requirement during 11th Plan Period including the carriedover housing shortage 26.53 million dwelling units.

y Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 1.4.2007:y More than 99% shortage is for EWS/ LIGsegmentsy )y Total : 24.71 my EWS : 21.78 my LIG : 2.89 my MIG/HIG : 0.04 m

( Source-Technical Committee set up by Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation

Demand side indicatorsHousing shortfall of 11.84 million units by 2013 ²14 in 37 most

populated citiesApproximately 90% of shortfall in EWS, LIG & Lower MIGcategorySignificant share of 21% of shortfall concentrated at Lower MIGsegmentConcentration of demand varying in different cities primarily

depending upon economic drivers of the city

Source- 4.Mr Gulam Zia_Knight Frank

Concentration of housing RequirementsAcross income segments

Population spread over top 10 cities

Source-.Mr GulamZia_Knight Frank

Housing Scenario In Larger Cities-Why Affordable Housing-from a developers

perspective.1.Large housing segment largely ignored.

2.Property prices unaffordable for middle income group.

3.Economic slowdown has rendered buyers cautious.

4.Consequently, developers forced to shift focus from

the luxury segment to the middle income housing segment.

5.¶Value for money· has now gained prominence.

Duties Of Various Sections Towards Affordable Housing

Developers Government Financial Institutions1.Use of technology to reduceCost of construction.

2.Use of Incremental Housing Techniques for non metros.

3.Creating awareness among the EWS and LIG to improvestandard of living.

4.Create a win-win situation byeconomies of scale rather than

inflated price points.

1.Creation of a committeewhich fast track reforms inaffordable housing.2.Ensuring Infrastructure andHousing go hand in hand to

faster growth.3.Speeding up the approvalprocess.4.Provide incentives to LIGand EWS to relocate.

5.The population in our metros

keep on increasing manifoldsevery year while planning isbased on historical assumpions.The need is to have flexibleStructural and Design plan.

1.Accord Affordable Housing Projects same status as that of other PPP projects.

2.Ensuring Developers are

protected from volatile shift ininterest rate.

3.Encourage affordableHousing in tier I and II cities.

Achieving Affordability Through Matrix of

1) Appropriate Technology-1.Use of renewable resources for building Materials2.Use of raw materials resources based on waste products3.Efficient use of existing conventional materials by producing factory made(precast)building components4.ndustrialization of housing sector 5.Affordability and sustainability.

2)Public private Partnership-

1.Timely delivery by developers.2.Ease of working by the government.3.Transparency by both the parties.

3.Project Management

Source- Conference ¶Innovations in Affordable Housing India 2010·

Source.Mr.UdayDharmadhikari-UshaBrecoRealty ltd.

Author

Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect Ar.SuvarnaLeleAr,Sarita Deshpande

Alternate And Low Cost Building Technologies

Conventional Building Materials Finite Resource BaseDemand of Materials

ALBUILDING MATERIALSBrick, cement, steel, stone, timber,glass, plastics, ceramics and other metals

DIRECT CONSEQUENCEcost escalation leading to increased cost of shelter

IN-DIRECT CONSEQUENCERapid & irrationally managed utilization of finite natural Resources

POSSIBLE MANIFESTATIONS

1.Environmental degradation;2.Enhanced use of fertile top-soil, Deforestation,3.Lime-quarrying, Surface working in stone belts4.Factory made products like cement, steel etc. calls for high energy input5.Enhanced cost on account of transportation

Innovative construction means and methods.

Improved construction schedules.

More efficient structural designs.

Simplified specifications and submittal process.

Optimized mix designs.

Construction Cost Savings

Construction Systems in India1.Vernacular systems1.Based on local materials & skills

Refined over centuries2.Calls for fair degree of maintenance & varying degree of durability

2.Conventional systems1.Based on mass produced items having predeterminedProperties2.Modern civil engineering practice3. Lesser maintenance & long durability

3.Industrialized systems1. Based on factory produced components(partial/total)

2. Less labour intensive3. High performance specifications

4 Alternative systems1. Middle of the road approach2. Acknowledges local materials and skills3. Rationalises use to suit specific needs

4. Adopts rational engineering practices5. Cost effective and eco-friendly

High-Performance Concrete

Self- Consolidating ConcreteHigh-Strength Concrete

Innovative Concrete Technologies

Improved Quality Systems

Product Development

Testing Labs

Material Handling

Low Cost Housing Materials And TechnologiesAt Dindigul,Tamilnadu

Funded by-CAPARTDeveloped byDr.Mahendran.

Precast Slabs And Beams

Precast Window Frames,StonePlatforms

Arched Foundation

Anangpur Building Center

Perforated Mud Blocks Funicular shells

Interlocking Blocks Herringbone Bond Hyperbolic Parabloid

Environmental FriendlyAs it SAVES,100% Bricks,50% Steel & Shuttering 40% Concrete,25% Utility Bill.

Reinforced Concrete Blocks

Source-Ganaka Engineers and Architects

Commercialisation Of Technologies by BMTPC

Author

Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect Ar.SuvarnaLeleAr,Sarita Deshpande

C.B.R.I Technnologies

Author

Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect Ar.Suvarna Lele

Appropriate Building Technologies

Public Private PartnershipPartnership Expectations1.Timely delivery by developers

2.Ease of working by the government3.Transparency by both the parties

Public And Private Partnership in Affordable housing

The public-private partnership can be formally defined as:In these partnerships, private developers, non-profit agencies, and in somecases religious agencies receive some funds or support from the municipal,state, or federal government (or all three, in some cases) in order to build or

renovate and manage affordable housing. This can be used both for rentalhousing and as a means of encouraging low-income home ownership. This isalso an approach that has been used in a number of other countries.

A contractual relationship where a private party takes responsibility for all

or part of a government·s (departments) functions« a contractualarrangement between a public sector agency and a private sector concern,whereby resources and risks are shared for the purposes of delivering apublic service or for developing public infrastructure. (Hardcastle &Boothroyd, 2003, p. 31).

The Scheme of Affordable Housing in Partnership as per National UrbanHousing & Habitat Policy (NUHHP) 2007

1.The Scheme of Affordable Housing in Partnership aims atoperationalisingthe strategy envisaged in theNational Urban Housing &Habitat Policy (NUHHP) 2007,of promoting various types of public-private partnerships ² of the

government sector with the private sector, the cooperative sector, thefinancial services sector, the state parastatals, urban local bodies, etc. ² for realizing the goal of affordable housing for all.

2. It intends to provide a major stimulus to economic activities throughaffordable housing for the creation of employment, especially for the

construction workers and other urban poor who are likely to be amongst themost vulnerable groups in recession. It also targets the creation of demandfor a large variety of industrial goods through the multiplier effect of housing on other economic activities.

Need for PPP in Housing

1.Synergy2.Capitalize and maximise on core domain of respective players3.Scale of Development4.Humongous need for combined capabilities5.Investment Gap Funding 6.Cost spread over project lifecycle in PPP model rather thanbeing front loaded in traditional procurement model7.Improving Quality &Efficiency8.Returns for private players linked directly to efficiency andquality delivery

9.Risk Mitigation10Appropriate allocation between stakeholders11On-Time Delivery12Faster and time approvals, payments also linked to timelycompletion

Philosophy For Recommended models

Source-Mr Gulam Zia_Knight Frank.

Role OFNational Housing Bank Towards Affordable Housing

1.A basic human necessity supporting economic activities .2.Second largest employment generator, next to agriculture.3.Has forward and backward linkages with over 250 ancillary industries.4.Every Rupee spent on construction, an estimated 75-80 paise is added

to GDP.5.GOI created enabling Fiscal, Monetary and Legal Environment6.Housing Industry Growth in last 5 years ²

Physical Terms 3.0 % p.a.Financial Terms 30% p.a.

7.Contribution of Housing in GDP is about 6%

8.Percentage of Mortgage Debt to GDP is 8.50% (E) in 2005-06, stillway below China·s (12%), Malaysia (22%), Hong-Kong (40%) and US(65%).

Some Basic Facts Regarding Construction Industry.

Focus Areas And StrategiesFocus Areas And StrategiesRural Housing Urban Renewal Market Development

Customized Products Supplementing Govt.

Schemes Productive Housing

(PHIRA) Financing SHGs

- Partnership Approach Rural Industrial/Agro

enterprise clusters Using LocalInstitutional

Mechanism for origination

and Servicing of Loans Schemes in convergence

with PURA

Customized Products Supplementing Govt.

Schemes Financing SHGs

- Partnership Approach Slum Redevelopment

and up gradation Integrated Township

Development Projects Social Housing Rental Housing Housing for Working

Women, Sr. Citizen Active participation of NGOs/MFIs/25A Cos.and Private Sector

Risk Mitigation Mortgage Credit

Guarantee/Insurance Rural Risk Fund

RMBS Credit Enhancement Reverse Mortgage

Other Measures NHB Residex Electronic filing of

Mortgages

NHB Support For Private Sector 35

1.Any private sector housing initiative with a EWS component

2.Integrated township in rural/semi-rural with housing and partcommercial, other related infrastructure

3.Equity participation and refinance support to HFCs with focus onrural housing

4.Housing for workers of units in rural/semi-rural areas and of their vendors/ancillary units, including SEZs/ AEZs.

5.Develop and Finance Public Private Partnerships to implementtownship projects and mass housing. NHB can take equity in theSPV and provide medium/long-term debt.

Some Real Challenges towards Appropriate Housing

1.Land &Infrastructure

2.Financing

3.Taxation:-

4.Approvals

5.Marketing

Conference-Affordable Housing-2010

We need to have an integrated framework in whichspatial development of cities goes hand in hand with

improvement in the quality of living of ordinary peopleliving there. An important element of our strategy has tobe slum improvement and providing housing for thepoor««.. The Mission has to walk on two legs of improved infrastructure and improved basic services«..µ

A Quote By Pt.JawaharlalNenru.

ICHH C ll f

Resources:

1.Mr Shridhar,www.nhb.org.in2.Dr Shailesh Agarwal-BMTPC3.Mr.Uday Dharmadhikari-Usha BrecoRealty ltd.4.Mr Gulam Zia_Knight Frank.5.Er Ganesh Kamat-Ganaka Engineers

Architects6.Dr Mahinran-Gandhigram Institute

K YOUAr.Suvarna Lele

Author

affordable housing in mega cities

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