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AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP
CAMEROON: LIVESTOCK AND FISHERY VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT (PD-CVEP): CONSTRUCTION OF A MODERN CATTLE SLAUGHTER
HOUSE IN DOUALA – BONENDALÉ
Environnemental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Summary
Project Team
Team Leader B. Boulanouar Livestock Specialist AHAI.2 2721
Team
Members
A. Nyaga Rural Development Specialist RDGC.2 6815
J. M. Meng-Lihinag Agro-Economist RDGS.2 3968
J. L. Kromer Natural Resource Management Specialist ECNR 3331
L. Garba Environmentalist AHAI.2 1990
B. Sambe Financial Inclusion Consultant PIFD.1 5310
J. Bissakonou Social Development and Gender Specialist RDGC.2 6807
L. C. Djeufo Procurements Specialist COCM 6809
N. Thioye-Diallo Financial Management Specialist COCM 6833
D. Kirabo Financial Analyst RDGW.2 2478
Paul Bisso Civil Engineering Consultant COCM -
N. Korie Entrepreneurship Consultant AHAI.0 5485
Acting
Division
Manager
A. Eyeghe RDGC.2 2253
Sector
Director M. FREGENE AHAI 2042
Sector
Director M. Traore (OIC) ECNR 3308
Regional
Director
General
O. Dore RDGC 4902
Deputy
Director
General
R. Kane RDGC 4440
Country
Officer S. Kone COCM 6800
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1. Introduction
This paper is the summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of the
“Construction of a Modern Cattle Slaughter-house in Douala-Bonendalé, Douala 4th District”
component of the Livestock and Fishery Value Chains Development Project (PD-CVEP)
In accordance with the African Development Bank (AfDB) Group’s Integrated Safeguards
System (ISS) and national requirements, this category of projects is subject to the conduct
beforehand of a detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment.
This summary was prepared in line with AfDB environmental and social assessment guidelines
and procedures for projects of this category. It presents the project description and rationale;
the political, legal and administrative framework; a description of the project environment; the
alternative solutions for the project showing the “with-project” and “no-project” scenarios; the
potential impacts and mitigation/enhancement measures; environmental risk management; the
monitoring programme; public consultations and information dissemination; and
complementary initiatives. It ends with a conclusion.
2. Project Description and Rationale
The Livestock and Fishery Value Chains Development Project (PD-CVEP) aims generally to
increase the volume of meat and fish production and the incomes of value chain stakeholders
through the modernization of slaughter and conservation facilities and capacity-building. The
livestock sub-sector suffers from insufficient infrastructure for the slaughter, conservation (cold
chain) and marketing of livestock/fishery products but also from the proliferation of clandestine
slaughtering (60% for cattle, 90% for pigs and 80% for sheep) and precarious product
packaging, transportation, distribution and storage conditions. This project will bridge this gap.
PD-CVEP is consistent with the guidelines of Cameroon’s Growth and Employment Strategy
Paper (GESP 2010-2020) which places emphasis on infrastructure development, production
machinery modernization and trade diversification. The project will also contribute directly to
the sector objectives of the Rural Sector Development Strategy (RSDS), especially Pillars 2 and
3, aimed respectively at improving sector productivity and competitiveness and modernizing
rural infrastructure and agricultural production. Lastly, the project is in line with the thematic
thrusts of the 2014-2020 PNIA approved in April 2014 namely: (i) Develop production sectors
and improve food and nutritional security; (ii) Modernize rural production infrastructure; and
(iii) Build rural development stakeholders’ capacity and develop natural resources.
The zone to host the slaughter-house is in theDouala 4th Sub-division , Wouri Division, Littoral
Region – a composite district with an industrial zone, well-planned residential areas and
unplanned houses. Specifically, the project is located in Bonendalé village at the intersection of
latitude 4°06’42,06’’ North and longitude 9°38’42,06’’ East (see Figure 1).
The slaughter-house falls under the PD-CVEP component “Develop necessary infrastructure
for sub-sector upgrade” and its production capacity is 400 heads per day. The planned
infrastructure will be built on 3ha 53a 21ca (see Figure 2) and will comprise:
✓ A slaughter-house comprising the following key facilities:
- Meat line;
- Refrigerating block rails;
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- Slaughter-house refrigerating equipment;
- Tripe shop;
- Rolling stock and expendable equipment;
- Cutting equipment;
- Flatware;
- Other materials;
- Special equipment;
- Assembly and assistance;
- Cattle stalling area;
✓ A waste treatment unit
- Cleaning-up station;
- Blood treatment and collection facilities.
✓ An administrative building
✓ A borehole with solar unit
✓ A sentry box.
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Figure 1: Project Site Location
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3. Political, Legal and Administrative Framework
3.1. Applicable National Regulatory Instruments
After the adoption of the National Environmental Management Plan (NEMP) in March 1996,
Law No. 96/12 of 5 August 1996: Model Law on environmental management laid down the
general legal framework of ESIA management in Cameroon. Its enabling instruments especially
Decree No. 2013/0171/PM of 14 February 2013 defining conditions for the conduct of
environmental and social impact assessments and Order No. 00001/MINEPDED of 8 February
2016, outlined different categories of operations that require the timely conduct of a strategic
environmental assessment or an environmental and social impact assessment. The latter
instrument prescribes that slaughter-house projects with a capacity of 200 heads per day must
be subject to a detailed environmental and social impact assessment.
The other national instruments that apply to this project are:
• Law No. 2000/017 of 19 December 2000 regulating veterinary health inspection
and its annex (WOAH list of zoonoses and diseases that are transmissible to
man);
• Decree No. 75/527 of 16 July 1975 to regulate establishments that manage
livestock and animal industries;
• Law No. 98/005 of 14 April 1998 to lay down water regulations;
• Law No. 98/015 of 14 July 1998 relating to establishments classified as
dangerous, insanitary or polluting and its implementing Decree No. 99/818/PM
of 9 November 1999;
• Decree No. 99/81/PM of 9 November 1999 to lay down conditions for the
establishment and operation of establishments classified as dangerous, insanitary
or polluting;
• Law No. 1985-09 of 4 July 1985 on expropriation in the public interest and
compensation procedures;
• Law No. 92/007 of 14 August 1992 instituting the Labour Code: it seeks to
protect workers’ health/safety, guarantee the minimum wage and regulate
working conditions to make them fair and equitable; and
• Law No. 64/Lf23 of 13 November 1964 to protect public health.
3.2. International Instruments and Conventions
Cameroon has signed and ratified several related international and regional conventions. The
most relevant ones are presented below: (i) the African Convention on the Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources (1968) ratified by Cameroon in 1977; (ii) the RAMSAR
Convention on Wetlands of international importance for the conservation of waterfowl; (iii)
the Stockholm Convention (2001) on persistent organic pollutants, signed by Cameroon on 5
October 2001; (iv) the Rio Convention (1992) on Biological Diversity (CBD); (vii) the Kyoto
Protocol on Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Kyoto, 1997) aimed at reducing greenhouse gases.
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3.3. African Development Bank (AfDB) Group’s Safeguard Policies Applied to this Project
The project is also consistent with the AfDB’s Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) as seen in
these five operational safeguards (OS):
• Operational Safeguard 1– Environmental Assessment: This operational
safeguard is triggered by the fact that this investment project is subject to
environmental and social assessment;
• Operational Safeguard 2 – Involuntary Resettlement: This operational
safeguard is triggered by the fact that the project will bring about economic
relocation (without the physical displacement of people);
• Operational Safeguard 3 – Biodiversity, Renewable Resources and Ecosystem
Services: This operational safeguard is not triggered since the project will not
affect any zone of high bio-diversity or ecosystem service potential;
• Operational Safeguard 4 – Pollution Prevention and Control, Greenhouse
Gases, Hazardous Materials and Efficient Resource Use: This operational
safeguard is triggered by the fact that the risk of pollution and various nuisances
exist during works;
• Operational Safeguard 5 – Working Conditions, Health and Safety. This
operational safeguard is triggered by the existence of risks for workers’ health
and safety during worksite operations.
3.4. Institutional Framework
The main institutions concerned with the project are:
• the Ministry of Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable
Development (MINEPDED) which designs and implements Government
policy on the environment and nature protection. It is responsible for the
approval of ESIAs and the issuance of environmental compliance certificates. At
the local level, MINEPDED’s decentralized services will participate in
monitoring the implementation of environmental and social management plans
jointly with other related sector ministries within the framework of the
Divisional ESMP Monitoring Committee;
• the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) is
responsible for implementing and assessing the State’s livestock and fisheries
policy and ensuring the harmonious development of animal industries. The
project will be attached at the central level to the MINEPIA Directorate for the
Development of Animal Production and Industries (DDPIA).
• the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Technological Development
(MINIMIDT) is tasked with monitoring the implementation of the provisions
of Law No. 98/015 of 14 July 1998 on establishments classified as hazardous,
polluting and insanitary. In fact, the list of hazardous, insanitary and polluting
establishments classifies modern slaughter-houses among first class
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establishments whose managers are required, before opening them, to prepare,
in addition to an ESIA, a dangers study together with an emergency plan.
• the Ministry of Water and Energy (MINEE) designs and monitors the
implementation of the Government’s energy and water resources policy. As
such, MINEE ensures compliance with the provisions of Law No. 98/005 of 14
April 1998 instituting water regulations with respect to the discharge of polluting
substances in surface water. Its devolved services ensure compliance with
provisions related to the authorization to extract surface or groundwater, the
quality of water extracted for industrial purposes, the discharge authorization,
the regular payment of sanitation tax and traceability in liquid waste
management.
• The Animal Production Development and Exploitation Company
(SODEPA) is concerned, in particular, with the production of by-products on a
national scale for use in agriculture, cosmetics and other sectors through its
slaughter-houses. It is placed under the administrative and technical supervision
of the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) and
administers, exploits and develops the animal production of slaughter-houses
and their related facilities (refrigerated warehouses, packaging workshops for
products meant to be sold and for industry);
• the Ministry of State Property, Surveys and Land Tenure (MINDCAF)
designs and implements Government policy on State property, surveys and land
tenure. In the specific context of the project, it will ensure compliance with the
provisions of Order No. 000662/MINDCAF/SG/D1/D14/D142 of 11 July 2016
declaring the works to secure the site to host slaughtering infrastructure at
Minkoameyos in Yaoundé 7 sub-division as being in the public interest.
4. Description of the Project Environment
This section presents a brief description of the main physical, biological and human (social,
cultural and economic) conditions existing in the study zone.
4.1. Bio-physical Environment
Climate: The project zone has a sub-equatorial tropical-type climate with two distinct dry
seasons and two wet seasons. This hot and humid climate is characterized by average
temperatures of 26°C and very abundant rainfall, particularly during the rainy season. The city
of Douala is noted for its abundant rainfall. The mean annual rainfall is around 3,900 mm.
Geology: The geological study of the region indicates the presence of secondary post-
cretaceous sedimentary formations (conglomerates, sandstone, marl and limestone) and recent
alluvial deposits. The soil here is mainly dark clayey topomorphic vertisols which, due to the
abundant rainfall, are subjected seasonally to internal shrinking and swelling. Although quite
coherent, dense and of good chemical quality, the soil still displays poor physical properties.
Geomorphology: The zone to host the future slaughter-house is in the coastal area in the
Douala basin. Its relatively flat, low-altitude relief is strongly dominated by a low-lying
coastline with mangroves much of which have been felled. Topographically, the region has vast
expanses of plateaus and dregs with significant marshy areas dotted here and there.
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Hydrography: The city of Douala is in the middle of the Atlantic basin in the Cameroon
Estuary which is fed by River Wouri, River Mungo and many tributary streams. River Bomono,
a tributary of the Wouri crosses the project site, and flows less than one kilometre downstream
to the latter. Overall, the region has a dense hydrographic network which is in mesh form.
Air Quality: Douala is highly influenced by its intense industrial activity and abundant road
traffic. Situated some 30 km from the sea, the city is under the influence of the monsoon which
regularly brings back to shore all that emanates from its industrial installations as well as
emissions from the fuel burnt by road traffic. Specifically, the air quality in Bonendalé, the
project’s host locality, is dominated by the current slaughter-house’s wastes.
Flora: The Douala region is situated in the trough of the Gulf of Guinea. It is part of the Nigeria-
Cameroon-Gabon evergreen rainforest dominated by mangroves. These mangroves, about 72%
forest, are dominated by Rhizophora racemosa, Rhizophora mangle and Rhizophora harrisoni.
The project site vegetation consists of herbaceous plants and food crops, especially groundnuts,
banana, plantains, cassava etc.
Fauna: The Wouri Estuary mangroves are home to a diversity of wildlife species. This zone is
recognized as being important for the saltwater fishes that spawn there. Likewise, water birds
especially herons, white pelicans and a thousand others use it as resting ground. However, the
project site has none of the above animal species. In addition, since it is located in the semi-
urban area, it has neither protected areas not hunting areas.
4.2 Human Environment
In terms of population and housing, the results of the last General Population Census
conducted in 2005 evaluated that the population of Douala is 2,865,795 people compared to
19,406,100 in the entire country. Due to its economic importance, Douala, initially inhabited
by the Sawa, is highly cosmopolitan today: its population hails from many tribes and from
diverse countries.
As concerns its demographic attributes, the project site is in Bonendalé, a locality of nearly
25,000 people spread in ten neighbourhoods. Like Douala, it is also cosmopolitan.
Bonendalé neigborhood, the project site, is under the authority of the two chiefs of Bonendalé
1 and Bonendalé 2 villages. When there are problems in the neighborhood, the population turns
to the chiefs for resolution. When the problems are more complicated, they are taken to the
Douala 4th competent administrative authorities.
Virtually all houses in the study zone are constructed with durable materials. Old buildings
dating back to German colonial times as well as new and more modern structures are also found
in the area.
Health Infrastructure: The Douala 4 Sub-divisional Council has several hospitals, including
the Bonassama District Hospital and Cebec Protestant Hospital. These hospitals are within a
radius of less than 7km from Bonendalé village whose integrated health centre is adjacent to
the project site. A nursing and midwifery school are also being constructed.
School Infrastructure: The council has many educational facilities including public or private
bilingual nursery schools; primary schools; Government secondary and high schools, in
particular, Government High School Bonaberi, one of the most important in the Littoral
Region. Specifically, Bonendalé village has 7 nursery schools (5 of them public and 3 private),
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22 primary schools and 22 Government secondary and high schools. One of the private colleges
– Presbyterian Secondary School (PSS) – is adjacent to the project site.
Access to Electricity and Drinking Water: The surrounding population of Bonendalé village
get their electricity supply from ENEO company. It is important to note the absence of lighting
of neighbourhood roads. The water company (Camerounaise des eaux - CDE), wells and
boreholes ensure water supply.
At the Economic Level: The local economy of the study zone comprises a structured industrial
fabric with a plethora of industrial units and an informal mainly small-scale economy. Activities
include urban agriculture, stock breeding, masonry, carpentry and petty trading. Trading is one
of the most widespread activities in the study zone. Note that commercial activities have
developed widely around the current slaughter-house.
Urban Roads: The main means of communication is the National Road No. 3 that crosses the
council area. Bonendale village is easily accessible from this national road. Despite the state of
the road constructed with paving stones on 2 km from the junction, the remaining road section
to the village is an earth-road, hardly passable, especially in the rainy season.
5. Alternative Solutions for the Project
This section presents and analyses various alternative solutions considered for achieving the
project objectives, including the “without-project” and “with-project” option. The choice of the
best option takes into consideration the technical, economic, environmental and social
feasibility.
5.1. Without-Project Situation
The without-project situation consists in leaving the animal industry in its current precarious
state. This sub-sector lacks slaughter, conservation (cold chain) and marketing infrastructure
for livestock and fishery products. Where such infrastructure exist, it is obsolete and non-
operational. The proliferation of clandestine slaughtering (60% for cattle) and the precarious
conditions under which products are packaged, transported, distributed and stored are a major
public health concern and undermine the profitability of the public infrastructure put in place.
The without-project situation also confirms the generic poor performance of cattle species,
evidenced in very slow growth due to ineffective use of feed, low fertility and low dressing
percentage. Indeed, the live weight ranges between 150kg and 350 kg with a dressing
percentage estimated at only 52%.
5.2. With-Project Situation
The second option is the with-project situation. With this option, the constraints that hinder the
attainment of the desired production and output levels are lifted. The project will focus on
aspects that hinder the sound operation of cattle value chains by: (i) improving cattle genetics;
(ii) improving the performance of cattle fattening workshops by placing emphasis on feeding;
(iii) improving the conditions of slaughter, processing, conservation and distribution of meat;
(iv) improving inclusive, customized access to financing; (v) providing technical capacity-
building and logistical support to Government services involved in the sector to enable them
carry through their supervisory mission. Furthermore, the spirit of the project is to stimulate
and support private initiative and lend impetus to inclusive development by fostering the
participation of women and youth.
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6. Potential Impacts and Mitigation/Enhancement Measures
This section presents the project’s negative and positive impacts on the bio-physical and human
environments. It identifies and summarizes the significant environmental and social impacts
and their importance. Lastly, it briefly describes the proposed mitigation and enhancement
measures to strengthen benefits or prevent, minimize or offset negative impacts.
6.1. Positive Impacts
❖ Job Creation and Income Increase
The recruitment of local manpower will offer the local population the
opportunity to have jobs although these will be mostly temporary. This positive
impact is of average intensity since some one hundred people will be involved.
Its scope is local and its duration short for it will last only as long as the works.
❖ Economic Environment: Development of Economic Activities
Construction and dismantling works will give rise to many income-generating
activities for the local population. The presence of salaried workers will also lead
to the consumption of more local products. This expected indirect positive
impact will be manifested in the project area during all project phases and will
be long-lasting. It is a relatively significant impact. The recommended impact
enhancement measures here consist in raising the population’s awareness about
new opportunities offered by the project to develop other sources of income.
6.1.1. Positive Impacts in the Operational Phase
❖ Economic Environment
• Development of Economic Activities
The presence of salaried workers will have a much-expected positive
impact on the consumption on local products in local communities around
the project area. This absolutely significant and relatively major long-
lasting impact will be seen throughout the operational phase;
• Capacity-building for Sector Stakeholders
The project goals are to increase the carcass dressing percentage and lower
the rates of uncontrolled slaughtering. The improvement of genetic
material will be reflected in better zoo-technical parameters and higher
productivity, and secondarily in higher stockbreeder incomes and more
affordable animal products for consumers. There are also plans to support
initiatives that aim to enhance the value of by-products like skins, horns,
unguis (making of combs and knife-handles) and blood (animal feed), etc.
This direct, positive and high-intensity impact is of long duration, local in
scope and of absolute and relatively major importance.
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❖ Health: Increase in the Supply of Quality Beef
The current conditions under which meat is conserved and transported are likely
to lead to food poisoning. The existence of sanitary services within the future
slaughter-house will help to bring this impact under control. This positive,
average-intensity impact comes with direct interaction. It is regional in scope
and of long-term duration. The result is an impact of absolute and relatively
major importance.
6.2. Negative Impacts
6.2.1. Negative Impacts in the Construction and Dismantling Phase
6.2.1.1. Impacts on the Human and Socio-economic Environment
❖ Social Climate
• Risks of Conflict
Several conflicts can arise during slaughter-house construction and
dismantling works. Sources of conflict during the different project phases
can be due to: road accidents linked to the passage of equipment; lack of
clarity in the recruitment process or the non-involvement of the local
population in the executing contractors’ teams during the construction and
dismantling phases; etc.
• Further Degradation of the Access Road to the Site
The back-and-forth movement of vehicles while transporting materials
during construction works will further degrade the road leading to the
slaughter-house which is already is a sorry state. As road degradation only
exacerbates precariousness, it is a direct negative impact. This impact is of
average duration, local scope and average intensity.
❖ Safety: Increase in Accidents and Insecurity
Activities likely to cause accidents for workers and the population include:
repeated transportation of materials, non-compliance with safety instructions
and irregular wearing of IPE. This impact is negative with direct inter-
relationship. Its intensity is average, its scope local and its duration long-term.
6.2.2. Negative Impacts in the Operational Phase
6.2.2.1. Negative Impact on the Biophysical Environment
❖ Soil Pollution, Contamination of Surface and Groundwater
Slaughter-house operations will lead to the production of multiple wastes and
the discharge of a significant quantity of waste water which can be dangerous
for soil and surface/groundwater preservation. Soil pollution and surface and
groundwater contamination is a negative impact. Since the effects of such
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pollution last a long time, the result will be a medium-to-long-term impact of
major importance.
❖ Project’s Vulnerability to Climate Change
Bonendalé village is crossed by a tributary of River Wouri which is less than one
kilometre downstream the slaughter-house site. The site is not a floodable area,
but it is still close to a tidal area. Aware that climate change contributes to
gradual sea-level rise, higher tides could intensify over the years and affect the
slaughter-house. This impact is of average importance.
6.2.2.2. Impact on the Socio-economic Environment
❖ Social Climate
• Risk of Conflicts
Several conflicts can arise during the operational phase of the slaughter-
house due to the passage of herds of cattle in the village with the attendant
destruction of goods, odours, accidents and laying of culverts. Other
factors include the lack of clarity in the recruitment process and/or the non-
involvement of the local population in contractors’ teams during the
construction and dismantling phases, and accidents linked to heavier
traffic, etc. Given the current context, this impact will probably be long-
term for it can be seen permanently throughout the project life. It is local
in scope and of average intensity given the number of people living around
the site.
• Risk of Degradation of the Access Road to the Site
Road degradation exacerbates precariousness. The back-and-forth
movement of vehicles transporting meat and the movement of cattle will
accelerate the deterioration of the road leading to the slaughter-house
which is already in an advanced state of disrepair. The impact is therefore
direct and negative. It is of average duration, local scope and average
intensity.
❖ Safety: Increase in the risk of accidents
Several activities are likely to cause accidents among workers and the local
population. However, considering the feedback from similar projects, we can
affirm that the intensity of accidents during the slaughter-house operational
phase will be low.
❖ Odour Nuisance
Poor waste management will generate odours that will make the surrounding air
unpleasant. The situation of the current slaughter-house is a serious nuisance to
the population. This negative impact can degrade the living environment. It is
average in intensity, long in duration and local in scope. The fact that it is
permanent lends it an average relative importance.
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6.3. Description of Cumulative Impacts
Cumulative impacts are analyzed in terms of the impact ongoing or future activities in the
project area will have on developed elements of the environment
Douala 4th Sub-division, specifically Bonendalé village which hosts the project, already has a
functional slaughter-house. It is important to point out that other daily activities use the same
infrastructure as the project, especially the road serving the current slaughter-house which is
used by commercial motorbike riders and the rest of the population. Other projects are also
planned therein: the rehabilitation of the Douala-Nkongsamba railway; the construction of a
Nursing and Midwifery School where the school currently in the Douala Laquintinie Hospital
will be relocated; and the project to construct a district hospital to strengthen the capacity of the
Bonassama Hospital, today overwhelmed by the galloping demographics of Douala 4
subdivision.
6.3.1. Cumulative Impacts on Infrastructure
The construction and operational phases will induce development around the project
construction site to satisfy workers’ temporary and/or permanent needs in terms of health,
school, water supply, transport and other infrastructure. The induced effect will be the greater
demands placed on infrastructure that lacks corresponding intake capacity. It will therefore be
necessary to envisage the building of this capacity so as to meet this high induced demand.
For the specific case of the access road, the new project will certainly have an impact on traffic
density which is already significant and a source of accidents. Note that the planned private
project to construct low-cost houses in the area will also increase traffic on this stretch of road.
Given this context, it is imperative to improve and regulate the use of the road in order to ensure
the smooth flow of traffic, reduce the risk of accidents and improve users’ comfort.
6.3.2. Cumulative Impacts on Social and Economic Development
In the short term, the concentration of workers will accelerate local socio-economic
development through commerce and services.
The supplementary works and infrastructure as well as the training and awareness-raising
programmes which the local population will benefit from will help to improve many aspects of
their daily lives. At the regional level, the increased slaughter and conservation capacity will
make Douala the main pole for quality meat production and distribution and, consequently,
generate even higher receipts for State coffers.
6.3.3. Cumulative Impacts at the Human Level
The absence of a waste management system in the current slaughter-house generates odours
that are a major inconvenience for the local population. Although the future slaughter-house
expects to have a modern waste management system, the current facility should be improved
by aligning it to the future project. Besides, depolluting the latter will serve as a good
benchmark to better assess the future project’s outputs.
6.3.4. Cumulative Impacts on Soils, and Surface and Groundwater
The absence of a system for managing the current slaughter-house’s solid and liquid wastes as
was observed is no guarantee for the preservation of the soil, as well as surface and
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groundwater. Although the project plans to have modern infrastructure equipped with a
purification station, this risk is still a major concern. Measures are envisaged in the project’s
ESMP to recycle solid wastes and by-products.
6.4. Mitigation/Enhancement Measures and Complementary Initiatives
6.4.1. Mitigation and Enhancement Measures
Risk of Soil and Surface/Groundwater Pollution: To minimize impacts linked to the spillage
of cow dung, the project envisages putting in place a dung management system.
The main measures to be taken are: the construction and maintenance of a purification station to
receive water used in washing carcasses as planned by the project; the periodic analysis of water
exiting the purification station.
To avoid water stagnating on leaving the purification station, the project will build an
underground canal system for evacuating recycled water to the water body downstream given the
relief of the area.
Risk of encumbrance of the area and landscape deterioration with horns and bones: To
mitigate this impact linked to the storage of horns and bones, the project will procure horn/bone
recycling equipment to produce powder that can be re-used in stockbreeding.
Risk of accidents linked to the movement of cattle herds: To mitigate this impact, the project
will widen the stalling area to be able to contain at least the equivalent of two days of slaughter-
house activities (800 heads).
Contamination of soil and surface water, odour nuisance and risk of water-borne diseases
emanating from the current slaughter-house: To minimize the impact linked to the discharge
of waste-water and dung coming from the current slaughter-house, the project will treat them
using the treatment equipment of the new slaughter-house.
Industrial and professional risk: To minimize the impact linked to industrial and professional
risks related to the future slaughter-house, the project will prepare a Danger Report together with
an Emergency Plan before the commencement of works. This will help to factor in industrial and
professional accidents that may likely occur when the slaughter-house becomes operational.
Risk of social conflicts: To minimize this impact, the main measures to be taken are
transparency in recruitment procedures, preference to local manpower for tasks that match
profiles available locally and raising the awareness of drivers on speed limits and accidents.
Stakeholder capacity-building: To optimize this impact, capacity-building sessions and
campaigns need to be organized on opportunities offered by the project.
6.4.2. Complementary Measures
✓ Improvement of the Social Climate: To enhance this impact linked to the
operation of the new slaughter-house, the main measures proposed include:
constructing some ten boreholes to offset the low drinking water supply in the
village; constructing a community hut in Bonendalé village; strengthening the
technical support unit of Bonendale Medical Centre and securing it with a fence;
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securing Presbyterian Secondary School (PSS) by a fence and equipping it with
a water point; offering training programmes to the local youth.
✓ Improvement of the access road to the site: This road section should be paved
and periodically maintained.
7. Environmental Risk Management
The absence of equipment and facilities like furnaces, hydrocarbon tanks, power plant etc under
this project will significantly reduce potential risks of technology-related accidents. Besides, it
was recommended that a danger study be prepared along with an emergency plan before the
commencement of works. This study will identify all forms of potential occupational
technological accidents so as to propose suitable management measures.
8. Surveillance and Monitoring Programme
8.1. Environmental Surveillance Programme
In general, environmental surveillance seeks to ensure that the recommended environmental
measures in the ESIA and its matching ESMP are properly implemented.
8.1.1. Environmental Surveillance Stakeholders
✓ PD-CVEP Environmentalist, HHS service provider tasked with the construction
of the slaughter-house and Environmentalist of the slaughter-house operator:
They are the main stakeholders of environmental surveillance and hence of
environmental compliance.
✓ Local Population: The local population’s participation in ESMP implementation
is important and their support for the project should be maintained.
8.1.2. Elements Requiring Environmental Surveillance
The elements involved in environmental surveillance during project implementation include:
(i) In Construction and Dismantling phase:
- Equipment and vehicle pool used during works (state, emission level);
- staff (wearing protective gear);
- watercourse and borehole (pollution);
- safety and emergency arrangement (existence, state, functioning,
accessibility);
- wastes from development and construction works, etc.
- percentage of local youth in staff mobilized in the different project phases;
(ii) In Operational Phase
- treatment station;
16
- road traffic;
- staff;
- watercourse and borehole (pollution);
- wastes and waste water;
- safety and emergency measures (existence, state, functioning,
accessibility) ;
8.2. Environmental Monitoring Programme
Environmental monitoring serves to measure the real impacts of project outputs and assess the
performance of proposed environmental measures. Therefore, it involves an ongoing or
periodic review and observation of the project. Environmental monitoring aims particularly to:
(i) verify projected impacts and the effectiveness of measures implemented ; and (ii) ensure the
optimization of positive spin-offs.
8.2.1. Monitoring Actors and their Role
Monitoring will be conducted jointly by MINEPDED and the technical ministries concerned
pursuant to Decree No. 2013/0171/PM of 14 February 2013 laying down conditions for the
conduct of environmental impact assessment. This mainly involves the following Government
departments:
- the Ministry of the Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable
Development MINEPDED) which will monitor the implementation of measures
contained in the ESMP;
- the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) which
will be responsible for the evaluation of actions carried out by different actors of
ESMP implementation;
- the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (MINEE) will assess the actions
carried out by different actors of ESMP implementation concerning the water
component;
- the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Technological Development (MINIMIDT)
will assess actions carried out by the different actors of ESMP implementation
concerning the Work Safety component;
- the Ministry of Social Affairs will assess the actions carried out by different
actors of ESMP implementation concerning the socio-economic component.
8.2.2. Elements requiring Environmental Monitoring
Tables 1 and 2 detail elements that will be subject to environmental monitoring in the
construction, operation and dismantling phase.
17
Table 1
Environmental and Social Monitoring in the Construction and Dismantling Phase
Components Indicators
Soil, surface and groundwater -Existence of rubbish bins
-Existence of a traceability manifest on the removal of special wastes
Air
-Compliance with the wearing of IPE;
-Existence of speed limit signs;
-Existence of tarpaulins to cover tipper trucks
Health and safety Reports of STI/AIDS awareness campaigns
Accidents on the works site (number registered)
Quality of life
-Complaints of the population about noise;
-Sensitization of drivers on compliance with instructions on the use
of the vehicle horn
Economic and social aspects Recruitment notice (before commencement of works)
Number of jobs created and filled by local people
In Operation Phase: Several environmental and social components will need to be monitored
periodically. Their monitoring indicators are summarized in the following table:
Table 2
Environmental and Social Monitoring in the Operational Phase
Components Indicators
Soil, surface and
groundwater
Waste water analysis bulletin
Purification station maintenance report
Presence of rubbish bins
Waste management report (traceability manifesto)
Industrial waste management plan
Health and safety
Pressure appliance test certificates (fire extinguishers)
Accident report
STI/AIDS awareness campaign reports
Report on drills on the implementation of the emergency plan
Medical follow-up of employees
Economic and social
aspects
Proportion of local population in the company staff
Report of consultative meetings between the slaughter-house and chiefdoms
Report of cattle dung management activities
Report of blood development activities
Report of capacity-building sessions for staff and other stakeholders
9. Public Consultations and Information Dissemination
9.1. National and AfDB Requirements
Law No. 96/12 of 5 August 1996, the Framework Law on environmental management, laid
down the general legal framework for managing the environment and ESIAs in Cameroon.
Pursuant to Article 20(1) of its implementing decree, the ESIA must be conducted with the
participation of the populations concerned through public consultations in order to collect their
18
views on the project as well as proposals of mitigation and optimization measures for
beneficiaries.
The AfDB’s 2013 ISS requires the Borrower or client to organize transparent consultations with
communities affected by the project, particularly with vulnerable groups, to enable their free,
preliminary and informed participation in decisions on the prevention or management of
environmental and social impacts.
Consultations held as part of this project are in compliance with this provision.
The purpose was to collect the points of view and concerns of project stakeholders. This phase
comprised two main activities: individual interviews with institutional actors and the holding
of two meetings on the site with the local population, active population, leaders of thought and
actors of the beef sector.
9.2. Summary of Stakeholders’ Concerns
Below is the summary of the points of view of the local population and stakeholders and
proposed measures:
Concerns Formulated Measures Proposed in the ESMP
Increase of fatal accidents on the access road to
the site with the commissioning of the future
slaughter-house
- Limit speeds at 30 km/h when crossing the village
- Organize the movement of herds of cattle so that
this can be done at night (as from 8:00 p.m.);
Increase in soil and surface water pollution and
increase in odour nuisance.
- Construct and periodically maintain the
purification station;
Risk of failure to consider the environmental
problems of the current slaughter-house in the
future slaughter-house.
- Treat the waste water of the current slaughter-
house by the treatment station of the future facility
Risk of non-involvement of chiefdoms in all
phases of the project.
- Involve chiefdoms in the different project phases;
Issue of employment and the risk that the village
youth are not granted priority in recruitment
during the project
- Design transparent recruitment policies and
procedures and publish employment opportunities at
very frequented places (chiefdoms, markets,
churches etc.);
- solicit local manpower and sub-contractors for the
supply of various services;
Risk of compliance with contractual
specifications resulting in the low involvement of
the population in this important project.
- Include in the contractor’s contract the ESMP
measures and those of SODEPA responsible for
managing the slaughter-house during its operational
phase;
Degradation of the access road leading to the site
as the project starts.
- Pave this road section and periodically maintain it.
Risk that the village youth do not benefit from
capacity-building as planned.
Sponsor youth initiatives aimed at enhancing the value
of slaughter-house wastes and by-products.
Other expectations
- Construct boreholes in the villages;
- Secure Bonendalé Medical Centre and Presbyterian
Secondary School (PSS) and equip them with water
points; and
- Construct a community hut in Bonendalé village.
9.2.1. Complementary Initiatives
This section presents, in the table below, the proposed complementary initiatives for mitigation
and enhancement measures described earlier
19
Table : Proposed Complementary Initiatives
Environmental Measures and
Activities Envisaged
Objective of
Measure
Implementatio
n and Internal
Monitoring
Actor(s)
Impementa
tion Period
External
Monitoring
Actor(s)
- Construct ten boreholes to address
the problem of low drinking water
supply in the village.
Foster the local
population’s
acceptance of the
project
- Service
Provider
- Unit
Operator’s
Environme
ntalist
First three
years of the
project life
cycle
- Sub-
Directorate
of ESMP
Divisional
ESMP
Monitoring
Committee
- Construct a community hut in
Bonendalé village.
- Strengthen the technical support
unit of Bonendale Medical Centre
and secure it with a fence.
- Build a fence round Presbyterian
Secondary School and equip the
school with a water point.
- Offer training to the youth of the
locality.
Facilitate their
integration in the
project
Slaughter-
house operator
(SODEPA)
Operational
phase
- Sub-
Directorate
of ESMP
- ESMP
Monitoring
Committee
- Pave and periodically maintain this
road section.
Facilitate access and
reduce the
degradation of the
access road to the site
Service
provider
During
construction
works
- Sub-
Directorate
of ESMP
- ESMP
Monitoring
Committee
- Step up Gendarmerie patrols. Reduce banditry and
delinquency
Gendarmerie of
Bonendale
Constructio
n and
operational
phase
- Sub-
Directorate
of ESMP
- ESMP
Monitoring
Committee
20
10. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
10.1. Details of ESMP Measures and Responsibilities
Impacts Environmental Measures and Envisaged Activities Implementation and Internal
Monitoring Actor(s)
External Monitoring
Actor(s)
Soil and surface water
pollution
Put in place a cow dung management arrangement PD-CVEP Environmentalist - Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Water stagnation Construct an underground canal system to evacuate
treated water right to the watercourse downstream
PD-CVEP Environmentalist - Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Encumbrance of the area
and landscape
deterioration
Procure horn/bone recycling equipment to produce
powder that can be re-used in stockbreeding
PD-CVEP Environmentalist - Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Risk of accidents linked to
the movement of herds
- Increase the capacity of the cattle stalling area to
accommodate at least the equivalent of two days of
slaughter-house activities (800 heads)
PD-CVEP Environmentalist - Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Soil and surface water
contamination
–Odour nuisance;
- Risk of spread of
water-borne diseases
- Provide for the treatment of wastes (solid and
liquid) produced by the current slaughter-house
through the waste treatment system of the new
slaughter-house
PD-CVEP Environment Officer
- Architectural firm
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Industrial and
occupational risk
Conduct a Dangers Study along with an Emergency
Plan
Consultant - Sub-Directorate of ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Measures to be Implemented during the Construction Phase
Atmospheric pollution - Carry out regular and systematic inspection and
verification of all filtering devices of vehicles used;
- Undertake the technical inspection of equipment
and vehicles used, pursuant to the regulations in
force;
- Cover tipper trucks transporting rubble and sand
with tarpaulins;
- Provider’s HHE Officer
- PD-CVEP
Environmentalist
- Code inspector
- Sub-Directorate of ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
21
- Provide workers with appropriate individual
protection equipment (IPE);
- Place speed limit signs
Noise - Sensitize drivers to comply with instructions on the
use of their vehicle horn when crossing the locality
both by day and by night
- Contractor’s HHE Officer
- PD-
CVEP Environmentalist;
- Code inspector
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
-Soil and
surface/groundwater
pollution
- Sensitize workers to avoid and properly handle
spills;
- Ensure that waste collection containers are in place
and labelled by category;
- Place at the population’s disposal inert waste like
offcuts;
- Place special wastes at the disposal of authorized
providers; and
- Forbid the washing of vehicles and equipment by
the side of watercourses.
Contractor’s HHE Officer
- PD-CVEP
Environmentalist
- Code inspector
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Damage to the landscape
and vegetation
- Train and sensitize workers on hygiene and
sanitation.
- Lay out green spaces
- Provider’s HHE Officer,
PD-CVEP Environmentalist and
Code inspector
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Creation of jobs locally
and risk of social conflicts
- Recruit local manpower at equal competence;
- Make the recruitment policy transparent;
- Inform the population of employment
opportunities that are open to them and post the
same information at very frequented locations
(chiefdoms, markets and churches)
- Provider’s HHE officer
- PD-CVEP
Environmentalist
- Code inspector
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Risk of the spread of
respiratory diseases
- Install a safety fence round the site to mitigate the
effects of spreading dust and exhaust gases, etc;
- Limit the speed of traffic at 30 km/h;
- Cover tipper trucks with tarpaulin when
transporting aggregates.
- Provider’s HHE officer
- PD-CVEP
Environmentalist
- Code inspector
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Risk of accidents and
insecurity.
- Include security clauses in sub-contractors’
contracts;
- Ensure that IPEs are worn at the works site;
- Ensure the existence of a first-aid box;
- Install signs during the construction phase of the
slaughter-house; and
- Forbid access to strangers during working hours.
- Provider’s HHE officer
- PD-CVEP
Environmentalist
- Code inspector
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
22
Risk of rising prevalence
of STI/HIV/AIDS.
- Organize public HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns;
- Distribute condoms to workers and encourage
voluntary screening.
- Bonendalé Medical Centre - Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Measures to be put in place during Operational Phase
Soil and surface water
contamination
-Odour nuisance
-Risk of spread of water-
borne diseases
- Ensure the maintenance of the blood treatment
facility and purification station to receive water
used in washing carcasses as planned by the
project; and
- Undertake the periodic analysis of water exiting the
purification station
- Service provider - Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Social climate - Inform and involve traditional authorities in the
entire recruitment process;
- Create a consultation framework between the
slaughter-house management and the local
population.
- Slaughter-house operator
(SODEPA)
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Economic development - Sensitize the population on contract opportunities
that are open to them
- Slaughter-house operator
(SODEPA)
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Congestion of the area and
landscape deterioration
after slaughter
- Strengthen the capacity of the sector actors
concerned on recycling techniques and the value of
cow horns and hoofs
- Slaughter-house operator
(SODEPA)
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Health and safety within
the slaughter-house
- Provide workers in risky sections with IPE;
- Organize staff awareness campaigns on safety
attitudes;
- Have first-aid kits;
- Implement the prospective danger study
recommendations;
- Ensure medical follow-up of exposed workers.
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Increase in the supply of
quality meat
- Ensure the maintenance of refrigerating
equipment;
- Perform ongoing health inspection of animals upon
their arrival;
- Ensure the compulsory passage of slaughter
products in the quality control laboratory planned
by the slaughter-house.
- Slaughter-house operator
(SODEPA);
- Veterinary doctor;
- Slaughter-house operator’s
(SODEPA’s)
environmentalist;
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
23
Safety of the population - Organize herds movements so that they take place
at night (as from 8:00 p.m.);
- Sensitize herdsmen on the respect of persons and
their property.
- Slaughter-house operator
(SODEPA);
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Risk of noise pollution - Sensitize drivers on compliance with instructions
related to the use of the horn when crossing the
locality by day and by night;
- Turn off parked equipment and vehicles on the site
- Slaughter-house operator’s
(SODEPA’s)
environmentalist;
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Complementary Measures
Further degradation of the
access road to the site
- Pave and periodically maintain this stretch of raod Provider - Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
Social climate - Construct some ten boreholes to address the low
drinking water supply in the village;
- Construct a community hut in Bonendalé village;
- Strengthen the technical support unit of the
Bonendale Medical Centre and secure it by a fence;
- Offer training programmes to the youth of the
locality
- Provider
- Slaughter-house operator’s
environmentalist
- Sub-Directorate of
ESMP
- Divisional ESMP
Monitoring Committee
24
10.2. ESMP Implementation Schedule
The environmental and social management measures will be implemented according to the
following schedule:
10.3. ESMP IMPLEMENTATION COST
The costs of implementing the environmental and social measures recommended under this
project are summarized in the following table:
Description Total Cost in CFAF
1. ESMP Implementation
Establishment of a cattle dung management system 500,000,000
System for channeling treated water 3,000,000
Procurement of horn/bone recycling equipment to produce powder that can
be re-used in stockbreeding
20,000,000
Conduct of a Dangers Study accompanied by an Emergency Plan 7,000,000
➢ Sensitize the local population and slaughter-house staff on STI/HIV/
AIDS prevention
➢ Distribute condoms to workers and encourage voluntary screening
550,000
2. Complementary Measures:
➢ Construct 10 drinking water boreholes in the village;
➢ Construct a community hut in Bonendalé village;
➢ Construct a fence and water point at Presbyterian
Secondary School
50,000,000
7,500,00
8,000,000
3. Capacity-building 7,000,000
4. Environmental monitoring 500,000
TOTAL 603,550,000
25
11. Stakeholder Capacity-Building
The capacity-building aims to: (i) ensure the proper implementation of ESMP measures by the
stakeholders concerned, especially supervisory structures (Executing agency) and slaughter-
house workers; and (ii) help in the sound surveillance and better monitoring of ESMP. The
following table provides the key components and related costs:
Capacity-Building Plan and Related Costs
Targets Aspects of Capacity-building Number of
Sessions/Yr
Unit Cost
CFAF
Total Cost
CFAF
Slaughter-house
workers
Health and safety 2 500,000 1,000,000
Maintenance of equipment 2 1,000,000 2,000,000
Slaughter-house
environmentalist ESMP monitoring 1 500,000 500,000
Sector actors
(crafts)
Recycling techniques and value
enhancement of cattle horns and
hoofs
4 500,000 2,000,000
Sector actors
Upgrading of by-products (dung,
blood, horns and bones) in
agriculture
4 500,000 2,000,000
Total 7,500,000
12. Conclusion
The Project to Construct a Modern Slaughter-house in Bonendale, Douala, is acceptable from
an environmental and social point of view. After the ESIA, it appears that its positive impacts
outweigh the negative ones. The negative impacts identified will be strongly mitigated by the
above-mentioned ESMP measures.
13. Reference and Contacts
Reference:
This summary was prepared based on the following documents:
• Summary Report of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)
for PD-CVEP Component 2: Construction of a Modern Cattle Slaughter-house
(400 heads/day) in Douala, specifically at Bonendalé in the Douala 4
Subdivision.
Contacts:
- B. BOULANOUAR, Livestock Specialist; AHI1
Email : b.boulanouar@afdb.org
- A. NYAGA, Rural Development Specialist; RDGC2
E-mail : a.nyaga@afdb.org;
L. GARBA, Environmentalist, AHI2.
L.garba@afdb.org
- P. HORUGAVYE; Chief Socio-Economist, RDGC4.
Email : p.horugavye@afdb.org
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