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Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Agricultural Practices and Environmental Footprint –
Dole Latin America
Rudy AmadorDirector, Environmental AffairsJanuary 2009
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
• Company Background
• Environmental Management Approach
• Environmental Indicators
• GAP Examples
• Carbon Program
Agenda
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
• Founded in Hawaii in 1851
• Revenues of $6 billion
• World's largest producer and marketer of fresh fruit
and vegetables
• Does business in more than 90 countries
• Employs 89,000 permanent employees and 24,000
seasonal or temporary employees.
Company Background
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Guatemala(Bananas & Pineapples)
Honduras(Bananas-Pineapple-Organics)
Costa Rica(Bananas,Pineapple, Organic Pines)
Colombia(Bananas, Organics)
Ecuador(Bananas & Pineapple, Organics)
Mexico
BrazilPeru
VenezuelaPanama
Nicaragua
Belize
DFFI (Regional Headquarters)
Peru(Organic Bananas)
nDole Latin America employs more than 14,000 employees.
Current Latin American Operations
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Banana• Guatemala• Honduras*• Costa Rica• Ecuador*• Colombia*• Perú*
Pineapple• Guatemala• Honduras• Costa Rica*• Ecuador
Box Plants• Costa Rica• Honduras• Ecuador• Colombia
Shared Services• Information Tech.• Accounts Payable• Payroll• Purchasing
*Organics
Business Units in Latin America
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
US
EU
US
EU
OT
0
20
40
60
80
100
Pines Bananas
42 %31%
66%58 %
3%
Products and Markets
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Los Angeles
Ecuador/Peru
Colombia
GuatemalaHonduras
PanamaCanal
South European
NorthEuropean
PortEverglades
West Coast
BANANAS: 100+ MM Boxes
PINEAPPLE: 20+ MM Boxes
Wilmington
FreeportGulfport
Costa Rica
Livorno
Portsmouth
Med 2
AntwerpHamburg
Sourcing and Ocean Services 2008
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Pack Proliferation
8
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd. Issues in Agriculture
• Agricultural inputs: fertilizer, water, crop protection products
• Resource Conservation—soil, water, energy• Biodiversity and habitat protection• Waste and pollution• Worker safety• Food Safety and Security• Wages, Hours, Working Conditions• Climate Change
HOW TO MANAGE ALL THESE ISSUES TO EVERYONE’S SATISFACTION??!!
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
• Dole Costa Rica was the first agricultural producer in the world to receive the 14001 Certificate for its environmental management system (1998).
• Management systems were implemented in all Dole operating units.
Environmental Management System 1998
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Integrated Management Systems
Dole Standards
Food Safety
Worker Safety
AgriculturalPractices
Legal Compliance
External Verification
EnvironmentalProtection
FARMSBOX PLANTSCONTAINERSGROWERS
SCOPE:
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.Ag. Operation Impact Examples
• 10 Years Ago
• None
• Solid Waste (Plastic)
• Contaminants
• Forest Protection
• Pesticides
• Today
• Fertilizer GHGs*
• Soil Health/Erosion
• Conservation
• Ecosystem Mgt.
• Working Hours
Then and Now; A few examples illustrating changing perspectives
• Impact On
• Air
• Soil
• Water
• Flora/Fauna
• People
*Greenhouse gas emissions from nitrous oxide coming from applied fertilizers
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd. Dole’s approach
• Develop and implement better management practices
• Meet legal requirements and internationally accepted standards
• Achieve 3rd party certification where necessary and helpful
• Meet customer expectations & requirements
• Participate with stakeholders in defining new areas of improvement
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.Dole and WWF Collaboration• Memo of Understanding since 2005.• Initial work focused on Better Management Practices in
Agriculture to reduce potential effects on Mesoamerican Reef (MAR) system from Mexico to Honduras.
• WWF has participated in Dole-organized seminars in Honduras and Costa Rica on soil conservation and erosion control
• Current discussions include joint work on climate change issues, from WWF participation Carbon Neutral Stakeholder Visit in Costa Rica (June ’08).
• WWF has spearheaded the implementation of an automated weather station network for coastal areas in Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras…. Including installation of stations at Dole facilities.
• On-line weather data will be essential for managing agricultural practices (irrigation, pest control, NDF) to further reduce environmental impact.
• A revised MOU to extend the one expiring in April 2009 and incorporating new areas of collaboration is in the review process.
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Main Agricultural Processes
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd. Environmental IndicatorsArea Activity Operation Measurement Indicator
Water Irrigation/Packing Farming cubic meters/lts m3/ha.; lts/kg product
Agricultural Inputs Agriculture Crop Protection & Nutrition kgs. active ingredient kgs ia./ha
Machinery Use Agriculture Planes/Equipment/Vehicles liters lts/hrs. of operation
Energy Use Agriculture/Packing Offices/Packing Plants KwH KwH/ha; KwH/ kg product
Plastic Use Agriculture/Packing Farming/Packing kilograms kgs/ha.; grs/box
Waste Management Agriculture/Packing Recycling/Reuse/Disposal kilograms kgs/ha.
Environmental Protection
Agriculture Protected Forest/Reforestation hectares/no. of trees forest/total has.
Transportation Fuel Use Transport to Port Road/Rail kilometers and liters lts/kg of product; lts/km
Ocean Transportation-vessel fuel Ocean Transport Vessel Logistics metric tons (MT) n. miles/MT or MT/day
-terminal fuel & electricity Operations Terminal liters; kwh liters/hr; kwh/container
-refrigerant use Operations/Vessels Terminal kgs kgs/kg product; GWP total
Box Plants: Energy Use Manufacturing Fruit Box Plant kwh/liters kwh/MT paper; lts/MT
Carbon FootprintProduction to Distrib. Supply Chain tonnes of CO2 equiv. grs CO2 per kg of product
It’s very difficult to control or improve what is not measured!
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Herbicide Reduction Example
• Rationalize herbicide use
• Promote of low-lying native cover crops
• Reduction of active ingredient use of between 40% and 60%
Eco-Weeder
0
2
4
6
8
2007 2008 2009
EcoWeeder: Herbicide Use per Hectare
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.Fertilizer Reduction Example
• Fertilizer Use Optimization- Use of less nitrogen through
precision farming techniques and the use of controlled release fertilizers.
- Reduction of GHGs with this program is 12% versus traditional fertilizer.
- Decreased volatilization and leaching
- Applications down from an avg. of 12 to 3 per year.
*approximately 1% of applied N converts to N2O a potent GHG with a global warming potential of 310.
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Water Use Reduction Example
Full recirculation system includes treatment which permits reuse of water for several days
Partial recirculation conserves 30% water
Water reuse systems
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Water Use Reduction Example
2,200
440
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Cub
ic M
eter
s/Pe
riod
Water use w/o system Water use with system
Savings:23,000 cubic meter/years80% Water Savings
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Soil Conservation Examples
• Minimum Tillage (planting over ratoon crop with no tillage)
Pineapple Production
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Soil Conservation Examples
• Use of plastic mulch (significantly reduces erosion when used following contours; also diminishes use of pesticides)
Pineapple Production
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.Soil Conservation Examples
• Crop Rotation, Cover Crops (nitrogen-fixing “green manure”)
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.Soil Conservation Examples• Ditch Stabilization using plant cover in the canals
Pineapple Production
• Mechanical barriers (bamboo stakes to capture soil and reduce speed of water in ditches)
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd. Soil Erosion Measurement
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Composting Program Example
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Forestry Program CR Example
• Company Forest Program- CO2 Capture- Biodiveristy- Erosion Control
Forestry Types Hectares
Natural Forest 893
Reforestation 697
Buffer Zones: Rivers & Lagoons
305
Buffer Zones: Roads/Bldgs
425
Commercial Forest 168
Total 2,488 has.
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Live Tree Propping System Example
• Poró (Erythrina poeppigiana) posts to substitute cable way support arches
• Possibility of eliminating metal arches entirely
• Carbon capture potential
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.Plastics- Recycling Example
•All farms (Dole and independent )collect field plastic and send for recycling•2200 MT recycled yearly•Most converted to pallet corner boards
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd. Carbon Neutral Effort CR
Agreement with CR Government signed in Aug 2007 to collaborate with country which seeks carbon neutrality by 2021.
Dole CR hosted stakeholder visit in June 2008 to obtain feedback on carbon reduction efforts.
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Carbon Neutral Program
• Reduce and mitigate effect of GHGs (green house gases) produced by Dole’s operations- Develop an inventory (measure)- Identify mitigation programs (reduce) - Evaluate carbon offset alternatives - internal and external
(compensate)
• Work with stakeholders within and outside the fresh fruit value chain on climate change issues- Develop ideas to mitigate emissions- Communicate efforts and ideas- Strengthen business relationships and opportunities.
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Emission Inventory Measurement
Process Analyisis and high-level LCA to determine measurement areas
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Measurement Example. Fruit Transportation
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.Mitigation Example. Train Use.• Use of railroad to
transport fruit:- Dole is only CR exporter
using this mode.- 35% of bananas produced
by Dole are transported by rail.
- Rail is 30 to 40% more efficient than road*
- Additional packing plant added to the rail network in Nov. 08, increasing to 40% the volume of bananas transported by this means.
*Note: This is the situation in Costa Rica. Train would be much more efficient if it were to be powered by electricity.
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd. Mitigation Example. Training
Eco-energía Training Program.• > 400 employees trained
on driving and equipment operation techniques to improve efficiency and reduce fuel use.
• Expected reduction from 8% to 15%.
• Extension to all Dole operating divisions during 2009.
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Mitigation Example. Terminal Fuel Use.• Efficient fuel use:
- Quota system by equipment
- Vortex valve implementation
- Automatic shut off valves
Consumo de Diesel en el 2008 YTD respecto al Año Base 2007
-
5,000.00
10,000.00
15,000.00
20,000.00
25,000.00
30,000.00
35,000.00
40,000.00
45,000.00
50,000.00
55,000.00
60,000.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51
Semanas
Litr
os
Año 2007 Año 2008
•22 % reduction in fuel use•Emission reduction: 1,000 tCO2e per year.
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Tons of CO2e from refrigerant use (2005-2009 Est.)
020,00040,00060,00080,000
100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000200,000
2005 2006 2007 2008est 2009est
Year
TM C
O2e
0102030405060708090100
Ref
rig T
M
tCO2e Refrigerants (TM)
*Green house gas emissions from refrigerants down 75%!
Refrigerant Consumption:•Effective Preventive Maintenance Practices
•Refrigeration unit substitution to more modern technology
•Reduction in the use of refrigerants with a high global warming potential
Mitigation Example: Container Refrigerants
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
Agreement to compensate emissions from fruit transport to the port of export signed with the Minister of the Environment on Earth Day 2008.
Compensation Example: CR Forestry Fund Certificates
Dole Fresh Fruit International Ltd.
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