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Agriculture in AustraliaAgriculture in Australia
The Oilseed IndustryThe Oilseed Industry
Dr Rodney Mailer, Dr Rodney Mailer, Australian Oils Research
Wagga Wagga, NSW AUSTRALIA
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Australian Oilseeds Industryy
• Production around 3 million tonnes– Canola 1.5 – 2.9 million tonnes– Cottonseed 1 million tonnes
• Current economic value $2 5 billion ( 4% of food sector)Current economic value $2.5 billion ( 4% of food sector)
• Very high value added component• Australia is a small producer in world context, but a significant player in canolasignificant player in canola
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Australian oilseed production
Industry’s economic value $2.5 billion
p
4000
4500
y $
2500
3000
3500
4000
1000
1500
2000
500
Tonn
es
0
500
1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Canola Total
-
Area ofArea of Production of Oilseed Crops
-
Oilseed production – by type
1998/99
p y yp
2001/022000/011999/001998/99
2004/052003/042002/032001/02
2007/082006/072005/062004/05
2010/112009/102008/092007/08
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 40002010/11
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000Canola Sunflowers Soybeans Cottonseed Other
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Australian Oilseed Crush Plants and Size
Large>100,000 t p.a.
Medium>20‐100,000 t p.a.
Small
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Australia’s processing infrastructurep g
Crushing capacity 1.1 million tonnes
h f 2 companies with 90% of capacity
Most plants multi‐crush small to global standardsMost plants multi‐crush, small to global standards
80% solvent extraction
Most crushers have refining capacity
-
xxxx
AustralianAustralian Canola Exports
5 year average 2006/7 – 2010‐11
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Exports (‘000 tonnes)p ( )
03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11
Canola Seed
1158 927 819 230 230 973 1238 1449
Cotton seed
167 230 187 65 65 6 106 272
CanolaOil
47 45 32 34 35 21 87 104
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Australia’s oil usage for food by typeg y yp
Coconut3%
Tallow14%
3%
Canola29%
Olive6%
SoybeansSoybeans3%
Sunflower 9%
Cottonseed
Palm28%
7%
Other soft oils1%
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Canola Breeding HistoryCanola Breeding History
R d i t d d i 1969• Rapeseed – introduced in 1969
• State Government breeding programs – 1970s• State Government breeding programs – 1970s
• First Canola ‐ 1979First Canola 1979– Low erucic (40%
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Quality Traits (oil & meal)
PRIORITIESPRIORITIESOil contentOil content Erucic acidErucic acid Saturated / Polyunsaturates fatty acids
GlucosinolatesGlucosinolates Protein contentConsistency
Energy
Sinapine / Condensed tannins
Phytatey
Fibre - Crude / NDF / ADF
NSP ( t h l )NSP (non-starch polysac)
α- and γ- Tocopherols
Amino acids - Cystine / Methionine / Lysine
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D i M hDenis Murphy John Innes Centre, Norwich
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Oil contentOil content
43 0
44.0
42.0
43.0
hole
seed
oi
stur
e)
}41.0
% O
il (in
wh
@ 6
% m
o } range 36 ‐ 48%
39.0
40.0
1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
-
Fatty Acid Profile Oleic Acid C18:1Fatty Acid Profile ‐ Oleic Acid C18:1
Fatty Acid Profile - C18:1
ATR MarlinCB Pilbara
T2201CB Argyle
Pioneer 44C79ATR409
Pioneer 46Y78Tawriffic TTTornadoTT
Hurricane TTThunderTTATR Marlin
Min: 50%C
ultiv
ar
ATR C bblHyola 50
Pioneer 44C73CB ScaddenAV Sapphire
BravoTTFlinders TTC
Pioneer 44C79Ave: 60%
Max: 70%
NL042NL045
NMT310H4686
Hyola 76Rottnest TTC
Pioneer 45Y77ATR Cobbler
% of Total FAP's
50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72
AV GarnetNL042
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Influence of Oil on Meal Protein 2009Influence of Oil on Meal Protein ‐ 2009
44.0
46.0
42.0
43.0
eal
40.0
42.0
il (in
who
le se
ed
6 %
moi
stur
e)
39.0
40.0
41.0
ein
(in o
il-fr
ee m
e0
% m
oist
ure)
34 0
36.0
38.0
% O @
6
37.0
38.0
% P
rote
@ 1
34.0NSW SA Victoria WA
State
36.0NSW SA Victoria WA
State
Oil Protein
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Australian Canola QualityAustralian Canola Quality
A l P bli iAnnual Publication
Australia’s canola crop
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Vegetable meal use
‘000 tonnes 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09
Vegetable meal use
Domestic
Canola 282 275 246 315 357
Cotton 197 240 179 87 80
Soy 42 38 27 31 54
Sun 31 42 27 35 41
Imported
Soy 262 369 620 540 500
PKE 14 11 294 148 120
TOTAL 828 975 1393 1156 1152
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Canola Meal QualityCanola Meal Quality
Effects
of
ProcessingProcessing
By‐pass ProteinR ti l iReactive lysineGlucosinolates
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Glucosinolates in mealGlucosinolates in meal
10
8
9
10
le se
ed sp
5
6
7
olat
es (i
n w
hom
oist
ure)Range (µM)
Seed 4 ‐ 16
2
3
4
es/g
Glu
cosi
no@
6 %
Meal 7 – 28
0
1
2
µmol
e
1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20091999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
-
Sinapine: NVT 2005 & 2006Sinapine: NVT 2005 & 2006 Sinapinep
2005 BravoTT2005 ATR Stubby2005 AG Outback
2005 ATR Beacon2005 ThunderTT
2005 Pioneer 44C732005 TornadoTT
2005 Pioneer 46C76riet
y
2005 AV Sapphire2006 ATR Stubby2006 AG Outback
2006 ATR Beacon2006 Pioneer 44C73
2006 B TTYea
r / V
ar
2006 BravoTT2006 ATR Summitt
2006 ThunderTT2006TornadoTT
2006 Pioneer 46C762006 AV S hi
Y
8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
2006 AV Sapphire
Sinapine (mg/kg in oil free meal)
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Industry must ensure varieties meet yconsumer requirements
• Determine which traits are important for each industry – e.g. ruminants, monogastrics, biodiesele.g. ruminants, monogastrics, biodiesel
• Investigate effects of processing on canola mealInvestigate effects of processing on canola meal
• Price canola on the basis of Quality TraitsPrice canola on the basis of Quality Traits
• Develop a list of recommended cultivarsDevelop a list of recommended cultivars
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CURRENT RESEARCHCURRENT RESEARCH
Improved Canola QualityImproved Canola Quality
Plant Breeding ProjectPlant Breeding Project Funded by
Grains Research & Development Corporation&
Australian Oilseed Federation
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Future Research and DevelopmentFuture Research and Development
• Canola meal production will increase• Canola meal production will increase
• Industry direction in canola quality
• Financial returns for quality improvements
• Breeding programs to deliver better quality traits
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Factors influencing the local oil market
Increasing focus on healthIncreasing focus on health Reduced hard/saturated fats Reduced trans fatty acidsReduced trans fatty acids Increased specialty oils Growth in food service and commercialGrowth in food service and commercial
Better technology access
B di d diff ti ti lit Branding and differentiation on quality
Competition – value chain integration
Supply availability – volume and consistency
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Australian oils consumptionp
600
700
Chart Title
500
600
Domestic oil consumption increasing 48% 40%48% 49% 44%
300
400Olive
Hard fats
Other sof t oils
Canola Canola increasing share
100
200
15% 19% 22% 28% 30%
0
1994/95 1999/00 2003/04 2007/8 2010/11F
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Canada ‐ INVESTED in Meal EnergyCanada ‐ INVESTED in Meal EnergyCanola Council annual report 2009
Breeding for lower fibre levels
results in energy levels of up toresults in energy levels of up to
10 per cent higher in pigs and 14
per cent higher in poultry.
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