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AIT GrEEN Technology Workshop 2014
Managing Resources: Integrated Approach to
Energy and Water Conservation
Brahmanand Mohanty
AIT Consulting, Asian Institute of Technology, 28-29 August 2014
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Presentation outline
1. Introduction: Why manage our natural resources
2. Energy demand management
3. Sustainable energy management strategy for industries
4. Sustainable energy management strategy for buildings
5. Sustainable water management strategy
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1. Introduction: Why manage our
natural sources
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Living Planet Report, 2012
(WWF)
The global consumption trend is unsustainable
Using the equivalent of 1.5 earth to support our activities
Need to mobilize 2 planets by 2030 under the business-as-usual scenario
All emissions can be attributed to delivery of products and services in order to meet the needs of the end consumer
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A resource constrained world
Resource constraints are looming beyond carbon
Water, energy, land use and materials are all resource challenges for the humanity
Current reliance on fossil fuels: 80%
World population already living in areas of physical or economic water scarcity: 40%
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Why manage our natural resources?
Adapted from: The Third Curve, Mansoor Khan
150 million years of the sun’s energy…
…Half gone in 150 years
Source: http://water.org/water-crisis/water-facts/water/
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Energy-water nexus
Fuel Production(Ethanol, hydrogen)
Extraction & Refining
Wastewater Treatment
Thermoelectric Cooling
Energy associated with Uses of Water
Drinking Water Treatment
Extraction & Transmission
Hydropower
Water for Energy
Energy for Water
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Hardin’s “tragedy of the
commons”
How to avoid that natural resources (commons) shared by individuals… … are not depleted and eventually ruined.
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Living beyond our means
Can technology allow us to pursue
with
?
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2. Energy demand management
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Energy demand in industries
Energy demand of a typical industry
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Energy demand in buildings
Energy demand of a typical commercial building
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From fossil fuel to energy services
Fossil fuels(coal, oil, gas…)
Energy conversion facility
(refinery, power plant)
Secondary energy(refined oil,
electricity…)
Final energy(delivered to
consumer)
Energy services(lighting, motive
power, chilled water)
Transmission & distribution(pipeline, grid
network…)
Energy using appliance
(lamp, motor, compressor…)
End-use(Products and services)
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Example: Energy for lighting service
Energy service delivered is a small fraction of the fuel fed into a power plant
100% with incandescent lampTHE BASE CASE
100 W110 W
335 W
5 W
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End-use energy efficiency: Factor 5
100% with incandescent lamp
80% less energy by switching from incandescent to CFL
Energy supply
divided by 5!
335 W
67 W
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End-use energy efficiency: Factor 10
80% less energy by adopting CFL
>90% less energy by adopting LED
Energy supply
further divided
by 2!
67 W
28.1 W
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Switching supply to renewable
energy
100% with incandescent lamp
Further loss reduction by adopting Solar-PV energized LED
Energy supply
from the sun!
335 W
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Energy need for the process/service
demandBusiness-as-usual scenario
Process/Service Energy Demand
(30)
Process/Service Energy Losses
(30)
Distribution Losses (15)
Utility Losses (25)
Foss
il E
ne
rgy
pu
rch
ase
d(1
00
)
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Energy demand management
Energy demand
Process/Service Energy Losses
(30)
Distribution Losses (15)
Utility Losses (25)
Process/Service Energy Losses (10)
Distribution Losses (5)
Utility Losses (10)
Demand management
Process/Service Energy Demand
(30)
Process/Service Energy Demand
(30)
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Reduction in fossil energy
demandBusiness-as-usual
Process/Service Energy Demand
(30)
Process/Service Energy Losses
(30)
Distribution Losses (15)
Utility Losses (25)
Process/Service Energy Demand
(30)
Process/Service Energy Losses (10)
Distribution Losses (5)
Utility Losses (10)
Demand management
Foss
il E
ne
rgy
pu
rch
ase
d(1
00
)
Foss
il E
ne
rgy
pu
rch
ase
d(5
5)
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Towards energy sustainability
Business-as-usual
Process/Service Energy Demand
(30)
Process/Service Energy Losses
(30)
Distribution Losses (15)
Utility Losses (25)
Process/Service Energy Demand
(30)
Process/Service Energy Losses (10)
Distribution Losses (5)
Utility Losses (10)
Integrated approach
Foss
il E
ne
rgy
pu
rch
ase
d(1
00
)
Foss
il E
ne
rgy
pu
rch
ase
d(3
3)
Re
ne
wab
le
En
erg
y g
en
era
ted
(22)
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3. Sustainable energy management
strategy for industries
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Sustainable energy:
manufacturing
Polygeneration(Electricity, heat
and cold)
Cogeneration(Electricity and
heat)
Solar thermal
Renewable Energies
Biomass
Efficient equipment (boilers, chillers, …
Efficient energy distribution network
PINCH analysisHeat exchanger
networks
Heat recovery and process integration
Heat and cold networks
Heat pumps and thermal chillers
Demand reduction
Process Improvement
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Example: Traditional brewery
Source: O Lyle Energy performance: 400 MJ/hl
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Brewery energy demand
management
Source: O Lyle
124 to 163 MJ/hl
Energy performance: from 400 to 150 MJ/hl
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Energy-efficient brewery
processes
Efficient processes
Optimized mashing system
Two-phase wort boiling
Internal wort boiling system
Inverted heating surface cone
Combined mash, wort and
stripping kettle
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Brewery process integration
Process integration
Wort preheating with vapor
Two-stage wort cooling
Cascaded cooling system
Heat recovery in pasteurization
Heat recovery from CO2
vaporization
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Energy efficient utility and
network
Efficient utility
Thermal system
Refrigeration system
Compressed air system
Pumping system
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From fossil to renewable energy
Renewable energies
Solar thermal and photovoltaic
Biomass
Biogas
Others: micro-hydro, wind, geothermal
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Green brewery of the future
Energy flow diagram for the energy supply
Biomass from residues
Source: Muster-Slawitsch et al., 2011
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4. Sustainable energy management
strategy for buildings
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Building sustainable energy strategy
Other loads
Electrical equipment
250 kWh/m².year
Bioclimatic architecture
Energy efficiency
Renewable energy
Fossil fuels
175 kWh/m².year100 kWh/m².year50 kWh/m².year
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Bioclimatic architecture
Bioclimatic Architecture
Passive Solar Design
Orientation
Solar Protection
Daylighting
Natural Ventilation
Building Envelope
Window-to-Wall Area Ratio
Envelope Insulation
High Performance Glazing
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Energy efficiency
Demand Reduction
Lighting
Energy Efficient Lighting
High-efficiency reflector
Sensor-based lighting control
Daylighting compensation
HVAC
Energy Efficient HVAC
Radiant Heating/Cooling
Demand-controlled Ventilation
Climate Responsive Controls
Other Equipment
Efficient elevators
Efficient equipment
Efficient office appliances
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Energy efficiency (process
integration)
Energy Recovery
Chiller Heat Recovery
Exhaust air heat recovery
Condensate Heat Recovery
Generator Heat Recovery
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Renewable energy
Renewable energy
Solar thermal
Solar photovoltaics
Wind turbines
Geothermal/Ground energy
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Fossil fuels
Generation
Micro-turbines
Fuel-cell
Co-generation / Trigeneration
District energy
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Example: Educational institution
Energy Performance Index: From 240 to 98 kWh/m2.annum)
EPI = 240 kWh/m2.a
•Base building
EPI=208 kWh/m2.a
•Envelope optimization
EPI = 168 kWh/m2.a
•Lighting optimization
EPI = 133 kWh/m2.a
•HVAC optimization
EPI = 98 kWh/m2.a
•ControlsCentre for Environment Science and Engineering (CESE) at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur
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Towards net-zero energy
buildingsNormal buildings
(Kuala Lumpur)
LEO building(Putrajaya)
ZEO building(Bangi)
Energy Indices (kWh/m2year)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
NormalBuildings
LEOBuilding
ZEOBuilding
ECBuilding
Typical Consumption200 – 300 kWh/m2year
2001 2006 ( 2015) Benchmark year:
Continuous improvement of Energy Efficiency
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Government leading the way
• ST Diamond Building for the Malaysian Energy Commission
Exterior view of the building
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ST Diamond Building, Malaysia
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5. Sustainable water management
strategy for industries and buildings
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Water demand management
Buy water
Harvest rain water
Treat waste water & reuse
Reduce water demand
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Industry leading the way
• Sai-Tex factory manufacturing jeans in Vietnam
Industry average: 80 liters/pair of jeans Sai-Tex: 6 liters/pair of jean (-92%)
140
8056
206
020406080
100120140160
Standard process Liquor ratio from1-20 to 1-3
Ozone bleaching Green chemistry Water recylingplant (RO & nano-
filtration)
Lite
rs/p
air
of
jean
s
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Sai-Tex water management story
Thank You
Brahmanand Mohanty, Ph.D.Visiting Faculty, Asian Institute of TechnologyRegional Adviser for Asia, French Environment and Energy Management AgencyE-mail: mohanty@ait.asia; mohantyb@gmail.com
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