alain l. kornhauser professor, operations research & financial engineering director, program in...
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Alain L. KornhauserProfessor, Operations Research & Financial Engineering
Director, Program in Transportation Faculty Chair, PAVE (Princeton Autonomous Vehicle Engineering)
Princeton University
Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its
Implications for New Jersey
Committee for a Smart New Jersey
The New Jersey State Chapter of ITS America2012 Annual Symposium
December 14, 2012
2005 2007
Link to Presentation Not Easy 20072005Old House
Beginning of Serious Vehicle Automation
Real Evolution Since the DARPA Challenges..
From the Stanford team…
Feet offHands off
Google Team: ~50 People ~ $15M/yr (chump change)
They’re Addressing the fact that…
We really don’t want to drive…
Addressing the fact that…
We aren’t that good…
>90% crashes involve human error
Google’s :
DOT HS 810 767 Pre-Crash Scenario Typology for Crash Avoidance Research
More on Google: Levandowski Presentation
Real Evolution by the Auto Makers
• Self-parking systems video (1st version Toyota ’03; US ‘06) MB Park Assist
• Lane Departure Warning Systems – Continental LWDS; Bendix AutoVue LDWS; Ford Driver Alert; Bosch Lane Departure and Lane Keeping Support; Continental Driver Assistance Systems
• Frontal Impact Warning Systems Volvo video
• MBML350 Safety Features *; Mercedes Benz ; MB Lane Keeping Assistance; MB Active Lane Keeping Assist YouTube*• MB Attention Assist YouTube;
Evolution by Specialized Road Vehicles: Snow Plows
• Minnesota: Snowplow Technology Integration for Driver Assistance http://www.cts.umn.edu/Research/ProjectDetail.html?id=1999005
• Alaska: Smart Snowplows http://www.govtech.com/e-government/Smart-Snowplows-Keep-the-Highway-to-Valdez-Alaska-Clear.html
• California: Filed-Ready GPS-Based Guidance Methods and Systems for Winter Maintenance Vehicles http://ahmct.ucdavis.edu/pdf/UCD-ARR-09-09-30-03.pdf
Evolution in Transit Buses
http://www.bus2.me.umn.edu/
Objective: Efficient Utilization of Narrow Bus-Only Shoulders
Methodology: Driver Assistance via • Virtual Images,• Haptic Feedback, and • Tactile Feedback
(It Knows Enough to Steer the Bus, but doesn’t)
Bus 2.0: Initial Demonstration ofTransit-based Driver Assistance
Fleet of 10 Gillig low floor busesMorning and evening express services22 mile (one-way) travel distanceReliable travel times in all weather and traffic conditions
Bus 2.0: Transit-based Driver AssistanceHow Do They Do It?
Bus 2.0: Transit-based Driver AssistanceHow Do They Do It?
It Just Works!
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ Port Authority Bus Terminal
– 223 Departure Gates– Readily Accommodates 700 Buses/hr
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the
Lincoln Tunnel
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln
Tunnel• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by
default, essentially bus-only
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln
Tunnel• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by default, essentially bus-only • Many Strategically Located Park&Ride Lots
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Pieces are Connected by:• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL)– 2.5 miles
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Pieces are Connected by:• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL)– Lane Segregation is by Removable Plastic Peg– Yet exceedingly Safe
» 3 (?) accidents in 41 years, no fatalities.
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Pieces are Connected by:• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL Movie)– Daily (6am->10am): 1,800 Buses; 65,000 pax– Peak Hour: 700 Buses; 35,000 pax– Peak Hour: At Capacity!
» Physical Driver Limit» Av. 5 sec. headway
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
– Additional Demand Exists for “BRT 2 NYC”– How to increase capacity of XBL?
• “Take a 2nd Lane”?– Political suicide!
• Widen the Viaduct and Helix?– Very expensive/disruptive
• How about Driver Assistance?– Extend Bus 2.0 Technology
Improving The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Go Beyond Bus 2.0:– add Intelligent Cruise Control with Lane Assist to the
2,000 buses…• e.g. Daimler Benz Distronic Plus with Traffic Jam Assist• even at an incremental $100,000/bus this is just $200M
• Could achieve sustained 3.0 second headways– Increases practical throughput by 50%
• from 700 -> 1,000 buses/hr; 35,000 -> 50,000 pax/hr
– Increased passenger capacity comparable to what would have been provided by $10B ARC rail tunnel
• Institutionally manageable:– All Express Buses are leased for 1$/yr from PANY&NJ– Facilities (XBL, LT, PABT) are controlled by PANY&NJ DoT
• Ideal test facility available: – Ft. Monmouth
Improving The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Concept Not New:
• Concept Makes Even More Sense Now!
Improving The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
Thank You
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