algorithm and programming introduction dr. ir. riri fitri sari mm msc international class electrical...

Algorithm and Programming Introduction

Dr. Ir. Riri Fitri Sari MM MScInternational Class

Electrical Engineering DeptUniversity of Indonesia

8 February 2009

Text Book• C++ How to Program, Fifth Edition• By H. M. Deitel -  Deitel & Associates, Inc., P. J. Deitel -

 Deitel & Associates, Inc.• Publisher: Prentice Hall• Pub Date: January 05, 2005• Print ISBN-10: 0-13-185757-6e• Text ISBN-10: 0-13-186103-4• Print ISBN-13: 978-0-13-185757-5e• Text ISBN-13: 978-0-13-186103-9• Pages: 1536

Chapter 1 Introduction

Programming

• Programming: The process of making a program

Programming Stages

• Definition

• Problem description

• Design of steps to solve the problem algorithm– Using flow chart– Using Pseudocode

• Coding

Problem

Problem definition

Problem Description

Design and Coding

Program

Testing with computer

Ready to use

ProgramA

A

Problem

Problem definition

Problem Description

Algorithm Design

Program

Testing with Computer

Ready to use program

A

Algorithm

Coding

A

Programming

• Algorithm written in programming language: Program

• The process to change an algorithm to be a program: Coding

• Every steps is prone to error:– Syntax Error compiler/interpreter– Logical Error

Programming

• There is a program which can be executed without the need to be interpreter beforehand (with interpreter):– BASIC– dBASE

Why Algorithm?

• Obeying Rules syntax– Logical thinking

• Limitation on capability; –COBOL Large Data processing

–FORTRAN Calculation

Why algorithm?

• Program Self Characteristics:– Ways of thinking– Logical approach– Detailed problem description– Perseverance– Enthusiasm

Why Algorithm?

• Overcome the problem with other general and free language:– natural langunge– pseudo-code– flow chart

• Separate the activity of algorithm design and coding.

Why Algorithm?

• Natural Language

unable to describe the problem solving stages with the following character:– structured– detailed– unambiguious

Very different from programming language.

Why Algorithm?

• pseudo-code

Good to describe algorithm, for the following character:– structured– detailed– clear

Why Algorithm??

• Efficient program: Program which required minimum memory and fastest execution time.

Algorithm Definition

Steps to solve a problem or work which is defined as a systematic, detaild and clears, so that it can be conducted based on a particular condition, and can be completed in a limited time and produce results as required.

Algorithm Characteristic

• Structured

• Efficient

• Detailed

• Unambiguous

• Independent

Algorithm Characteristics

• Structured: – Consist of some steps, block, procedure and

function.– One entry point and one exit point.– The control flow follows a particular pattern.– Easy to manage and develop.

Algorithm Characteristics

• Eficient:

– Optimized the use of memory and processor. • Time :

–Processor to run command– Avoid long execution

Algorithm Characteristics

• Detail : – Easy to be describe as one or more

programming languange command. – Unambiguious

• Independent– independent from any programming

language.

Algorithm

• Problem-> sub problem -> easy to conduct.

• Smaller sub problem to be completed.

• Programming.

• Top Down Design

Task:Install Devcpp4.9.9.2Run the hello worldRun the program 2.17 and modify for odd and even number