anatomy-muscular system skeletal muscle characteristics & function
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Anatomy-Anatomy-Muscular SystemMuscular System
Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle Characteristics & Characteristics &
FunctionFunction
BellworkBellwork
What is a What is a concentric concentric contraction?contraction?
Eccentric Eccentric contraction?contraction?
Isometric Isometric contraction?contraction?
ObjectivesObjectives
Students will be able to:Students will be able to: Identify skeletal muscles, their Identify skeletal muscles, their
attachments & actionattachments & action
TerminologyTerminology
DorsiflexionDorsiflexion Upward Upward
bending of the bending of the footfoot Pulling toes upPulling toes up
TerminologyTerminology
Plantar FlexionPlantar Flexion Downward Downward
bending of the bending of the footfoot Pointing toesPointing toes
Dancers primarily plantarflex
FaceFace
OriginOrigin Zygomatic archZygomatic arch
InsertionInsertion MandibleMandible
ActionAction Closes the jawCloses the jaw Raises the Raises the
mandiblemandible
MasseterMasseter
The Chewing The Chewing Muscle!Muscle!
How would we How would we CONTRACT CONTRACT this muscle?this muscle?
Neck MuscleNeck Muscle SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid
Sterno – SternumSterno – Sternum Cleido – ClavicleCleido – Clavicle Mastoid – Mastoid Mastoid – Mastoid
ProcessProcess OriginOrigin
Sternum (near Sternum (near manubrium)manubrium)
Clavicle (medial end)Clavicle (medial end) InsertionInsertion
Mastoid Process Mastoid Process
SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid
ActionAction
1.1. Bilaterally, Flex Bilaterally, Flex CervicalCervical
2.2. Unilaterally, Unilaterally, rotation to rotation to opposite sideopposite side
AbdominalsAbdominals
Rectus AbdominisRectus Abdominis OriginOrigin
PubisPubis InsertionInsertion
Xiphoid processXiphoid process Costal cartilage (5-Costal cartilage (5-
7)7)
Rectus AbdominusRectus Abdominus
ActionAction Compresses abdominal cavityCompresses abdominal cavity Flexion of trunkFlexion of trunk
Upper Extremity MusclesUpper Extremity Muscles
TrapeziusTrapezius OriginOrigin
OccipitalOccipital Spinous process Spinous process
C7-T12C7-T12 InsertionInsertion
Lateral clavicleLateral clavicle Scapular spineScapular spine
TrapeziusTrapezius
What exercises What exercises could someone do could someone do to work their to work their traps?traps?
ActionAction ElevationElevation DepressionDepression RetractionRetraction Stabilizes Stabilizes
scapulascapula
Shrugs Upright Row
Scap Retraction with bands
Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity
Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi OriginOrigin
Spinous process Spinous process T6-S5T6-S5
Iliac crestIliac crest InsertionInsertion
Medial humerusMedial humerus
Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi
ActionAction Extension @ shoulderExtension @ shoulder Adduction of humerusAdduction of humerus
Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity
Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major OriginOrigin
Medial clavicleMedial clavicle SternumSternum Costal cartilage Costal cartilage
(1-6)(1-6) InsertionInsertion
Proximal Proximal HumerusHumerus
Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major
ActionAction FlexionFlexion Adduction of Adduction of
humerushumerus
Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity
Deltoid - AnteriorDeltoid - Anterior OriginOrigin
Lateral clavicleLateral clavicle InsertionInsertion
Deltoid tuberosity Deltoid tuberosity of humerusof humerus
Anterior DeltoidAnterior Deltoid
ActionAction FlexionFlexion HHorizontal adduction of orizontal adduction of
humerushumerus
Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity Deltoid - MiddleDeltoid - Middle OriginOrigin
Acromion processAcromion process InsertionInsertion
Deltoid tuberosity Deltoid tuberosity of humerusof humerus
Middle DeltoidMiddle Deltoid ActionAction
Abduction of Abduction of humerus to 90 humerus to 90 degrees degrees
Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity
Deltoid - Deltoid - PosteriorPosterior
OriginOrigin Scapular spineScapular spine
InsertionInsertion Deltoid Deltoid
tuberosity of tuberosity of humerushumerus
Posterior DeltoidPosterior Deltoid
ActionAction ExtensionExtension Horizontal abduction of humerus Horizontal abduction of humerus
Flash Card Time!Flash Card Time! Make Flash Cards Make Flash Cards
for the following:for the following: MasseterMasseter SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid Rectus AbdominusRectus Abdominus TrapeziusTrapezius Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major DeltoidDeltoid
AnteriorAnterior MiddleMiddle PosteriorPosterior
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action
Rotator Cuff MusclesRotator Cuff Muscles They originate on They originate on
the scapula & insert the scapula & insert on the humeral headon the humeral head
They hold the head They hold the head of the humerus IN of the humerus IN the Glenoid Fossa of the Glenoid Fossa of the Scapula.the Scapula. Keep shoulder in Keep shoulder in
socket.socket.
4 Muscles make up the 4 Muscles make up the Rotator Cuff:Rotator Cuff: SupraspinatusSupraspinatus InfraspinatusInfraspinatus Teres MinorTeres Minor SubscapularisSubscapularis
SupraspinatusSupraspinatus Origin:Origin:
Supraspinous Fossa of Supraspinous Fossa of ScapulaScapula
InsertionInsertion Greater Tubercle of Greater Tubercle of
HumerusHumerus ActionAction
Abduction of humerusAbduction of humerus Stabilize head of humerus Stabilize head of humerus
Supraspinatus in Action!Supraspinatus in Action!
Laying a ball up Laying a ball up in basketballin basketball
Jumping JackJumping Jack Abduction of Abduction of
shouldershoulder
InfraspinatusInfraspinatus OriginOrigin
Infraspinous fossa of Infraspinous fossa of scapulascapula
InsertionInsertion Greater tubercle of Greater tubercle of
humerushumerus ActionAction
Lateral rotation of Lateral rotation of humerushumerus
Or External RotationOr External Rotation Stabilize head of humerusStabilize head of humerus
What view is this What view is this picture?picture?
Infraspinatus in Action!Infraspinatus in Action!
Teres MinorTeres Minor OriginOrigin
Lateral boarder of Lateral boarder of scapulascapula
InsertionInsertion Greater tubercle of Greater tubercle of
humerushumerus ActionAction
Lateral rotation of Lateral rotation of humerushumerus
External RotationExternal Rotation Stabilize head of Stabilize head of
humerus humerus
Teres Minor in Action!Teres Minor in Action! Much like the Much like the
Infraspinatus…Infraspinatus…working on lateral working on lateral rotation exercises rotation exercises enhances this enhances this musclemuscle
What other sports What other sports would need to would need to strengthen their strengthen their teres minor?teres minor?
SubscapularisSubscapularis OriginOrigin
Subscapular fossa of Subscapular fossa of scapulascapula
InsertionInsertion Lesser tubercle of Lesser tubercle of
humerushumerus ActionAction
Medial rotation of Medial rotation of humerushumerus Internal rotationInternal rotation
Stabilize head of Stabilize head of humerushumerus
Actions of Rotator CuffActions of Rotator Cuff SupraspinatuSupraspinatu
ss InfraspinatusInfraspinatus Teres minorTeres minor SubscapularisSubscapularis
AbductionAbduction External RotationExternal Rotation External rotationExternal rotation Internal RotationInternal Rotation
Biceps BrachiiBiceps Brachii OriginOrigin
Short Head-coracoid Short Head-coracoid processprocess
Long Head-Long Head-supraglenoid tubercle supraglenoid tubercle of scapulaof scapula
InsertionInsertion Radial tuberosityRadial tuberosity
ActionAction Flexion of elbow Flexion of elbow
Biceps in ActionBiceps in Action Discuss:Discuss:
Eccentrically Eccentrically ContractContract
Isometrically Isometrically ContractContract
Triceps BrachiiTriceps Brachii OriginOrigin
Long HeadLong Head Infraglenoid tubercle of Infraglenoid tubercle of
scapulascapula Lateral HeadLateral Head
Posterior humerusPosterior humerus Medial HeadMedial Head
Posterior humerusPosterior humerus InsertionInsertion
Olecranon process of Olecranon process of ulnaulna
ActionAction Extension of elbow Extension of elbow
Tricpes In Action!Tricpes In Action!
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle
Make Flash Cards Make Flash Cards for the following:for the following:
SupraspinatusSupraspinatus InfraspinatusInfraspinatus Teres MinorTeres Minor SubscapularisSubscapularis Biceps BrachiiBiceps Brachii Triceps BrachiiTriceps Brachii
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action
Muscles of the ThighMuscles of the Thigh
The muscles of the thigh run from The muscles of the thigh run from the hip to the kneethe hip to the knee What movements can the What movements can the hiphip and and kneeknee
joint perform?joint perform? What muscles/muscle group do you What muscles/muscle group do you
know?know?
Gluteus MaximusGluteus Maximus OriginOrigin
Posterior sacrum & Posterior sacrum & iliumilium
InsertionInsertion Gluteal tuberosity of Gluteal tuberosity of
femur femur ActionAction
Extension of Extension of femur/hipfemur/hip
External Rotation of External Rotation of hiphip
Glute StrengthGlute Strength
Squats are Squats are known to help known to help build glute build glute strength…strength…
What other What other exercises would exercises would concentrically concentrically contract this contract this muscle?muscle?
HamstringsHamstrings Biceps FemorisBiceps Femoris OriginOrigin
Long head-ischial Long head-ischial tuberositytuberosity
Short head-Short head-posteriorposterior femurfemur
InsertionInsertion Head of fibulaHead of fibula
ActionAction Extension of hipExtension of hip Flexion of the kneeFlexion of the knee
HamstringsHamstrings SemitendinosusSemitendinosus OriginOrigin
Ischial tuberosityIschial tuberosity InsertionInsertion
Anterior tibiaAnterior tibia ActionAction
Extension of hipExtension of hip Flexion of the Flexion of the
kneeknee
HamstringsHamstrings SemimembranosusSemimembranosus OriginOrigin
Ischial tuberosityIschial tuberosity InsertionInsertion
Posterior medial Posterior medial tibiatibia
ActionAction Extension of hipExtension of hip Flexion of the kneeFlexion of the knee
HamstringsHamstrings
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Fibula & Tibia
A: Flex knee Extend hip
HamstringsHamstrings
Biceps FemorisBiceps Femoris SemitendinosusSemitendinosus SemimembranosuSemimembranosu
ss
QuadricepsQuadriceps Rectus FemorisRectus Femoris OriginOrigin
Anterior inferior iliac Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)spine (AIIS)
InsertionInsertion Tibial tuberosityTibial tuberosity
ActionAction Extension of the kneeExtension of the knee Hip flexionHip flexion
QuadricepsQuadriceps Vastus LateralisVastus Lateralis OriginOrigin
FemurFemur InsertionInsertion
Tibial tuberosityTibial tuberosity ActionAction
Extension of the Extension of the kneeknee
QuadricepsQuadriceps
Vastus MedialisVastus Medialis OriginOrigin
FemurFemur InsertionInsertion
Tibial tuberosityTibial tuberosity ActionAction
Extension of the Extension of the kneeknee
QuadricepsQuadriceps Vastus Vastus
IntermediusIntermedius OriginOrigin
Anterior femurAnterior femur InsertionInsertion
Tibial tuberosityTibial tuberosity ActionAction
Extension of the Extension of the kneeknee
Lower ExtremityLower Extremity
Rectus FemorisRectus Femoris Vastus LateralisVastus Lateralis Vastus MedialisVastus Medialis Vastus Vastus
IntermediusIntermedius
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle Make Flash Cards Make Flash Cards
for the following:for the following: Gluteus MaximusGluteus Maximus HamstringsHamstrings
Biceps FemorisBiceps Femoris SemitendinosusSemitendinosus SemimembranosusSemimembranosus
QuadsQuads Rectus FemorisRectus Femoris Vastus LateralisVastus Lateralis Vastus MedialisVastus Medialis Vastus Vastus
IntermedialisIntermedialisOn one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action
Final Chapter!Final Chapter!
This last group of This last group of muscles is the end muscles is the end of this muscle of this muscle segment.segment.
So far we have So far we have identified:identified: Face and NeckFace and Neck Shoulders and BackShoulders and Back Abs and GlutesAbs and Glutes Hamstrings and Hamstrings and
QuadsQuads
Today will be the Today will be the muscles of the low muscles of the low legleg What is one What is one
muscle group that muscle group that you already know? you already know?
Calf MusclesCalf Muscles Why do you think Why do you think
they call them the they call them the calves?calves?
I have no idea!!I have no idea!!
Lower ExtremityLower Extremity Tibialis AnteriorTibialis Anterior OriginOrigin
Lateral condyle of tibiaLateral condyle of tibia InsertionInsertion
Plantar surface of 1Plantar surface of 1stst metatarsalmetatarsal
ActionAction Dorsiflexion Dorsiflexion
Recall….what does this Recall….what does this mean?mean?
Inversion of ankleInversion of ankle Recall….what does this Recall….what does this
mean?mean?
DorsiflexionDorsiflexion & & InversionInversion
Pulling toes up:DORSIFLEXION
Pointing toes down:Plantarflexion
Pointing toes in:Inversion
Pointing toes out:EVERSION
Lower ExtremityLower Extremity Peroneus LongusPeroneus Longus OriginOrigin
Proximal fibulaProximal fibula InsertionInsertion
Plantar surface Plantar surface of 1of 1stst metatarsal metatarsal
ActionAction Eversion of ankleEversion of ankle
Lower ExtremityLower Extremity Peroneus BrevisPeroneus Brevis OriginOrigin
Distal fibulaDistal fibula InsertionInsertion
Base of 5Base of 5thth metatarsalmetatarsal
ActionAction Eversion of ankleEversion of ankle
Eversion ExercisesEversion Exercises
A commonly A commonly used rehab tool used rehab tool are resistance are resistance bandsbands
Eversion Eversion exercises exercises strengthen the strengthen the Peroneus Peroneus LongusLongus
Lower ExtremityLower Extremity SoleusSoleus OriginOrigin
Upper tibiaUpper tibia Posterior fibula Posterior fibula
InsertionInsertion Calcaneus (Heel Calcaneus (Heel
Bone)Bone) ActionAction
Plantarflexion of anklePlantarflexion of ankle
Lower ExtremityLower Extremity GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius OriginOrigin
Medial head-medial Medial head-medial epicondyle of femurepicondyle of femur
Lateral head-lateral Lateral head-lateral epicondyle of femur epicondyle of femur
InsertionInsertion Calcaneus (Heel Bone)Calcaneus (Heel Bone)
ActionAction Plantarflexion of anklePlantarflexion of ankle
This muscle is This muscle is SUPERFICIAL to the SUPERFICIAL to the Soleus Soleus
Gastrocnemius vs. SoleusGastrocnemius vs. Soleus
To isolate the GASTROC
To isolate the SOLEUS
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle Make Flash Cards for Make Flash Cards for
the following:the following: Tibialis AnteriorTibialis Anterior Peroneus LongusPeroneus Longus Peroneus BrevisPeroneus Brevis SoleusSoleus GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal MuscleList of muscles learnedList of muscles learned
Tibialis AnteriorTibialis Anterior Peroneus LongusPeroneus Longus Peroneus BrevisPeroneus Brevis SoleusSoleus GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius Gluteus MaximusGluteus Maximus HamstringsHamstrings
Biceps FemorisBiceps Femoris SemitendinosusSemitendinosus SemimembranosusSemimembranosus
QuadsQuads Rectus FemorisRectus Femoris Vastus LateralisVastus Lateralis Vastus MedialisVastus Medialis Vastus IntermedialisVastus Intermedialis
Name
Origin, Insertion & Action MasseterMasseter SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid Rectus AbdominusRectus Abdominus TrapeziusTrapezius Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major DeltoidDeltoid
AnteriorAnterior MiddleMiddle PosteriorPosterior
SupraspinatusSupraspinatus InfraspinatusInfraspinatus Teres MinorTeres Minor SubscapularisSubscapularis Biceps BrachiiBiceps Brachii Triceps BrachiiTriceps Brachii
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle
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