anatomy of nasopharynx
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ANATOMY OF NASOPHARYNX
SHAJAHAN.C51st BATCHMedical college calicut
A fibromuscular tube 12–14 cm long Extent: Cranial base to the level of the C6 vertebra i.e. lower border of the cricoid cartilage where it is continuous with the oesophagus.
A common passage for both food and air.
Lined my mucousa throughout. Situated posterior to the nasal and oral cavities.
RELATIONS- Sup: Posterior part of the sphenoid
body and the basilar part of the occipital bone.
Inf: continuous with the oesophagus. Post: C1-C6 vertebra & prevertebral
fascia covering longus colli and capitis. Ant: opens into the nasal cavity, mouth
and larynx. It is attached, from above downwards
on each side to: the medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe, mandible, tongue, hyoid bone, thyroid and cricoid cartilages.
STRUCTURE OF PHARYNGEAL WALL
a)Mucous membrane The mucosa is continuous with that
lining the pharyngotympanic tubes, nasal cavity, mouth and larynx.
The nasopharyngeal epithelium is pseudostratified ciliated columnar.
Stratified squamous elsewhere.
b)Pharyngeal aponeurosis Fibrous layer lining muscular coat
c)Muscular coatd)Buccopharyngeal fascia
PHARYNGEAL MUSCULATURE
CONSTRICTORS (external layer) Superiorconstrictor
Middle
constrictor Inferior
constrictor
LONGITUDINAL MUSCLES(int layer)
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salphingopharyngeus
Thyropharyngeus Cricopharyngeus
LONGITUDINAL MUSCLES
NERVE SUPPLY BY PHARYNGEAL PLEXUS
Pharyngeal branch of vagus, cranial accessory N., glossopharyngeal N., superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.
Motor- Glossopharyngeal- Stylopharyngeus muscle cranial accessory N.- All other pharyngeal
muscles General Sensory- IX & X CRANIAL
NERVES,NASOPHARYNX-maxillery nerve Taste – Vagus Parasympathetic- greater petrosal and lesser
palatine nerves.
BLOOD SUPPLY
Ascending pharyngeal A. of External carotid A.
Ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of Facial A.
Dorsal lingual branches of Lingual A. Greater palatine, pharyngeal and
pterygoid branches of Maxillary A. Venous drainage- by pharyngeal plexus
of veins on its posterior wall and empties into the Internal Jugular vein.
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
Retropharyngeal and Upper deep cervical.
DIVISIONS
NASOPHARYNX
The uppermost part of the pharynx has a respiratory function.
•Is a posterior extension of the nasal cavity.
•The nose opens into the nasopharynx via to large posterior apertures called choanae.
•The roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx form a continuous surface that lies inferior to the body of the sphenoid bone and the basilar part of the occipital bone.
Floor is formed by soft palate anteriorly.
Posteriorly deficient space-nasopharyngeal isthmus.
Anterior wall formed by choanae Lateral wall-pharyngeal opening of
ET situated 1.25cm bhind the posterior end of inf turbinate.
•Pharyngeal tonsil •Pharyngeal orifice of the auditory tube
•Tubal elevation - torus tubarius
•Nasopharyngeal bursa
•Tubal tonsil
•Rathke’s pouch
CONTENTS
Adenoids Subep collection of lymphoid tissue at the
jn of roof and post wall.Increases in size upto 6yrs and then
gradually atrophies.
Torus tubarisET bounded above and behind by an
elevation.Above and bhind the tubal elevation is a
recess-Fossa of Rossenmuller.
Nasopharyngeal bursaEp lined median recess found with in
the adenoid mass, pharyngeal mucosa to periosteum of the basiocciput.
Notochord –pharyngeal endoderm.Infected-persistent post nasal
discharge.Abscess-Thornwaldt’s Ds
Rathke’s pouchDimple above adenoidsRemniscent of buccal mucosal
invagination,to form the ant lobe of pituitary.
Craniopharyngioma may arise from it.
Tubal tonsilCollection subep lymphoid tissue situated
at the tubal elevation.
Sinus of morgagni
Crescentric interval between sup. Constrictor and base of skull above is filled up by Condensed pharyngobasilar fascia Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Auditiory tube
Passavant’s ridgeMucosal ridge raised by fibers of
palatophrygeas.Encircles the post and lateral walls of
nasopharyngeal isthmus.
THANK YOU
KEMME
NGUDITHANKS VISIT AGAIN
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