ancient astronomy geocentric heliocentric mass and gravity galileokepler newton $ 200 $ 200$200 $...

Ancient astrono

my

Geocentric

Heliocentric

Mass and Gravity

Galileo Kepler Newton

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Tycho Brahe and Kepler

The reason scientist no longer accept the Ptolemaic model is

due to the work of

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Orbits of planets are circular

Ptlomey and Copernicus Incorrectly agreed that

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Venus and Mercury

A fatal flaw of Ptolemy’s model is it’s inability to

predict the phases of

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Aristarchus

The heliocentric model was actually first proposed by:

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How did Galileo’s observations of Venus disprove Ptolemy?

Ptolemy used epicycles for Venus to explain the earth centered universe, which could not explain why we see a full Venus phase. Galileo observe that Venus goes through a full Venus cycle and therefor the sun must be in the center

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Copernicus

Who did Kepler correct by describing orbits as elliptical

rather than circular?

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The moon orbiting the Earth

What celestial relationship is the same in both the heliocentric and geocentric models?

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Brahe

Whose detailed observations led to Kepler’s Laws

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Show me your answers

Name three differences between the geocentric and heliocentric models

$1000The Earth moves faster than these outer world, so we overtake them and as we

sweep past them they appear to go westward for a few weeks

Explain how Copernicus accounts for the retrograde

loops of the superior planets

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Overcome the gravitational pull of an object

Escape velocity is the speed required to

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One fourth as great

If the distance between two asteroids is doubled, the

gravitational force they exert on each other will be

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The mean distance between the Earth and Sun?

What is an Astronomical Unit?

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If the Moon was three times further from Earth, the force by Earth on the Moon would

Decrease by a factor of 9

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The higher the eccentricity the more elongated the oval, a circle has an eccentricity of zero

Explain how eccentricity describes the shape of an

ellipse

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Jupiter

Galileo’s discovery of four moons orbiting ________ helped support the ideas of

Copernicus

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He laid out the order and relative motion on the known solar system

What contribution did Copernicus make that helped Galileo in his observations?

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Sunspots which rotated across the sun’s face

What did Galileo discover when looking at the sun?

$800Sunspots, Venus phase cycle Four moons

around Jupiter Craters and mare on the Moon

What are three things Galileo discovered through his telescope?

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Galileo found Venus went through an entire phase cycle which could only happen in the

Copernican model

How did Galileo’s observations of Venus disprove the Ptolemaic

model?

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Kepler

Whose laws described Planetary motion

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What point do Copernicus and Kepler disagree?

The orbits of the planets are ellipses with one focus at the sun.

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Proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis

According to Kepler’s third law, the square of the planet’s

period in years is

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Planets further from the sun orbit at a slower speed than those closer

What does Kepler’s third law imply about planetary

motion?

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Relate Keplar’s Second Law to the speed of planets

In equal amounts of time, the lines that connect each planet to the sun must sweep out in equal areas. The longer the arc, the faster the planet

must move. The further the line from the sun the slower a planet moves. Planets in perihelion will

speed up and in aphelion they will slow down.

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Newton

The Law of Universal Gravitation was developed by

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smaller

According to Newton’s second law, when the same

force acts on two bodies, the body with the larger mass

will have the _______acceleration

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sun

According to Newton, the gravity of the _______ is

needed to explain planetary orbits.

$800That objects have mass that disrupt the space around them –curving space and other objects towards that

object.

What did Einstein have to say about Gravity?

$1000The third law says they each have the same

gravitational pull, butJupiter is more massive than a Voyager, which the second

law allows Jupiter to slow a bit and the Voyager to accelerate allow them to escape

the gravitational pull of the sun.

Using Newton’s second and third law explain why the Voyager probes able

to pull away from Jupiter and yet Jupiter still orbits around the sun