ancient egypt and nubia

ANCIENT EGYPT

GEOGRAPHY OF THE

NILE

SOME FACTS ABOUT THE NILE RIVER

The Nile is the longest river in

the world.

It flows all through Egypt,

from south to north.

Reeds called papyrus grew

along the river. Paper was

made from papyrus. Boats

were made from it, too.

SOME FACTS ABOUT THE NILE RIVER

People called the river "Ar."

That meant "black."

Cities were built near the river.

The river gave the people

water to drink. It gave them

food. They bathed in it. Life in

ancient Egypt depended on the

Nile River.

SOME FACTS ABOUT THE NILE RIVER

The river flooded every

year. The flood spread

rich, black, fertile mud on

the land along the river. It

gave them food. People

could grow crops in the

rich soil. Egyptians called

their land Kemet (the

black land)

HOW DID THE DESERT PROTECT EGYPT

AND NUBIA FROM FOREIGN ATTACKS??

The hot sands shielded

Egypt and Nubia from

foreign attacks. Over a

period of 2,000 years,

Egypt and Nubia faced

few invasions.

RULERS OF EGYPT

WHAT IS A DYNASTY?A DYNASTY IS A SERIES

OF RULERS FROM THE

SAME FAMILY OR

ETHNIC GROUP. EGYPT

HAD 31 DYNASTIES.

HISTORIANS GROUP

THE DYNASTIES INTO 3

MAJOR TIME PERIODS:

OLD KINGDOM

MIDDLE KINGDOM

NEW KINGDOM

MAJOR TIME PERIODS IN EGYPT

OLD KINGDOM DURING THE OLD

KINGDOM THE

GREAT PYRAMID

AND THE SPHINX

ARE BUILT

MIDDLE KINGDOM DURING THE MIDDLE

KINGDOM ORDER WAS

RESTORED AND THE

COUNTRY WAS

REUNITED. PHARAOHS

SPENT MONEY ON

CONSTRUCTION AND

IRRIGATION PROJECTS

NEW KINGDOM DURING THE NEW

KINGDOM FOREIGN

INVADERS WERE FORCED

OUT OF EGYPT.

PHARAOHS WANTED TO

BUILD AN EMPIRE. THEY

CREATED HUGE ARMIES

OF FOOT SOLDIERS

WHAT WAS A PHARAOH?A PHARAOH

HAD ABSOLUTE

POWER OR

COMPLETE

CONTROL OVER

THEIR PEOPLE.

WHATEVER THE

PHARAOH

DECIDED

BECAME LAW.

WHO WAS KING TUT? KING TUT BECAME RULER

OF EGYPT WHILE HE WAS

STILL A CHILD. AT ABOUT

AGE 18 HE DIED AND WAS

BURIED WITH MANY

PRECIOUS OBJECTS. HIS

TOMB WAS DISCOVERED IN

1922. HIS FUNERAL

TREASURES HAVE TAUGHT

A GREAT DEAL ABOUT

EGYPT.

WHO WAS HATSHEPSUT? SHE WAS A BOLD LEADER

WHO IS MOST KNOWN

FOR CREATING A TIME OF

GREAT PEACE AND

ECONOMIC SUCCESS.

SHE ENCOURAGED

TRADE WITH FARAWAY

PLACES, SENDING A

FAMOUS EXPEDITION TO

THE LAND OF PUNT.

WHO WAS THUTMOSE III?

HE BECAME ONE OF THE

GREATEST PHARAOHS OF

THE NEW KINGDOM. HE LED

HIS ARMY IN WARS AGAINST

SYRIA AND PHOENICIA. HE

ASSUMED THE THRONE

AFTER THE DEATH OF HIS

STEPMOTHER, HATSHEPSUT

WHAT WAS EGYPTIAN RELIGION LIKE?

THE EGYPTIANS BELIEVED IN AN

AFTERLIFE. THEY SAID PRAYERS

DURING THE FUNERAL. RELIGION

WAS AN IMPORTANT PART OF

DAILY LIFE IN ANCIENT EGYPT.

THE EGYPTIANS BELIEVED THAT

THEIR GODS AND GODDESSES

CONTROLLED THE WORKINGS OF

NATURE. THEY BUILT TEMPLES TO

HONOR THEIR GODS, AND

OFFERED THEM FOOD, GIFTS,

AND PRAYERS

EGYPTIAN RELIGION THE CHIEF GOD OF THE

EGYPTIANS WAS AMON-

RA. HE PROTECTED THE

RICH AND THE POOR

ALIKE. EGYPTIANS

BELIEVED HE WAS BORN

EACH MORNING WITH

THE SUNRISE AND DIED

IN THE WEST WITH THE

SETTING SUN.

EGYPTIAN GODS AND

GODDESSESHORUS: THE SKY GOD AND

GOD OF KINGSHIP

OSIRIS: THE GOD OF THE

AFTERLIFE

ISIS: THE GODDESS WOMEN

THOTH: THE GOD OF

WISDOM AND WRITING

AMON-RE:THE SUN GOD

AND GOD OF CREATION

PREPARING THE DEAD EGYPTIANS PRACTICE

MUMMIFICATION, ARTIFICIALLY

PRESERVING THE BODIES

BEFORE BURIAL. THIS WAS

EXPENSIVE AND TOOK TWO OR

THREE MONTHS. WORKERS

REMOVED THE ORGANS AND

FILLED THE BODY WITH SALT

AND STORED IT FOR 40 DAYS

UNTIL THE BODY WAS

COMPLETELY DRIED OUT THEN

IT WAS PREPARED FOR BURIAL.

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CULTUREEGYPTIANS SOCIETY

LOOKED LIKE A PYRAMID.

AT THE TOP WAS

PHARAOH THEN A SMALL

UPPER CLASS, NEXT

LEVEL WAS THE MIDDLE

CLASS. THE LARGEST

CLASS WAS PEASANTS,

WHO MOSTLY DID THE

FARM WORK. PRISONERS

CAPTURED IN WAR-WERE

MADE SLAVES

WHAT WAS THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN WRITING

SYSTEM CALLED?

THE EGYPTIANS BEGAN

TO USE HIEROGLYPHS

BECAUSE THEY NEEDED A

WAY TO KEEP TRACK OF

THE KINGDOM’S GROWING

WEALTH

WHAT WAS THE ROSETTA STONE USED FOR?

THE ROSETTA STONE WAS

USED TO UNDERSTAND

THE HIEROGLYPHS USED

BY THE EGYPTIANS

QUESTIONS FOR YOU

NAME THREE FACTS ABOUT THE NILE RIVER

WHAT IS A DYNASTY?

WHAT ARE THE THREE MAJOR TIME PERIODS OF EGYPT?

WHAT WAS A PHARAOH?

WHO WAS KING TUT?

QUESTIONS FOR YOU

WHO WAS HATSHEPSUT?

WHAT IS A DYNASTY?

WHAT WERE HIEROGLYPHS ?

WHAT WAS THE ROSETTA STONE?