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“Recent developments in cotton
and textile industries
in Argentina”
2017 Research Associate
Program “Risk Management in
the Cotton Industry”
Washington DC, April 10 to 20 2017
Maria Alejandra Simonella
International Cotton Advisory Committee
The cotton crop in Argentina. Currently situation.
COTTON
Production zones
9% IRRIGATED 91% DRY Location in the
Argentine Republic
Source: Productive management of cotton: machines
and implements for small cotton areas. Mario Mondino,
Santiago de Chile, November 17, 2015
The number of small farmers has
declined. Farmers with less than 10
hectares contribute to 0.2% of the
provincial sowing area, while those
with more than 100 hectares
contribute more than 90% of the
same.
Predominance of medium to large
farmers in terms of surface and
production levels.
Ability to incorporate technology,
diversify, temper risk (companies).
Sowing surface by farmers strata
Source: Cotton Bulletin nº 7 - July 2013 - SAGyP - Ministry of
Agroindustry
Sown Area. Averages of two periods.
Zone
Sown Area
*000 Hectares.
Average 2009/10
to 2013/14
%
Sown Area
*000 Hectares.
Average 2011/12
to 2015/16
%
Chaco 289 53 229 46
Santiago del
Estero 123 23 136 27
Santa Fe 100 18 106 21
Formosa 15 3 17 3
Salta 8 1.5 9 2
San Luis 2 0.4 3 0.6
Otros 6 1.1 2 0.4
Argentina 543 502
Source: Ministry of Agro-Industries of Argentina.
Territorial distribution of
Sowing and Cotton Ginning
The spinning and weaving
plants are mainly located
near the consumption
centers (Buenos Aires) and
in the provinces that
implemented regimes of
Industrial promotion. For this
reason, its concentration is
greater in the NOA region
than in the NEA.
Territorial distribution of the
spinning mills and weaving plants
The textile industry in Argentina. Currently situation.
In 2016 the textile industry was
reduced by 25% compared to the same
period of 2015, according to the Pro
Tejer Foundation.
The fall is mainly due to the loss of
purchasing power, and consequently to
a decrease in consumption, and to the
opening of imports, which generated a
15% growth in the arrival of textile
products from abroad.
The cotton crop in Argentina. Currently situation.
Importance of the cotton value chain:
• The cotton value chain has a huge influence in the regional economies
of Chaco, Santiago del Estero and Santa Fe, where the sector generates
a large number of jobs: only spinning mills and ginning, employ more
than 70,000 people.
• In 2015, 51 thousand tons of cotton fiber were exported for more than US
$ 47 million.
• The National Quality Plan considers the cotton value chain as the
central axis of the public and private sectors to define a strategy that
allows it to grow and develop from the productive transformation.
The cotton crop in Argentina. Currently situation.
The National Quality Plan is a program promoted by the Ministry of
Production of the Nation that works with INTI to improve the quality of
goods and services of domestic production.
• To develop a national network of public reference laboratories for the
quality of cotton fiber. This network would allow traceability along the
entire chain, from the field where cotton is produced to the production of
clothing made from this raw material.
• In addition, this network of laboratories would allow to measure the
quality of the cotton fiber in an objective way, according to international
standards, improving the conditions of commercialization and export.
The cotton crop in Argentina. Currently situation.
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
197
5/7
6
197
6/7
7
197
7/7
8
197
8/7
9
197
9/8
0
198
0/8
1
198
1/8
2
198
2/8
3
198
3/8
4
198
4/8
5
1985/8
6
198
6/8
7
198
7/8
8
198
8/8
9
198
9/9
0
199
0/9
1
199
1/9
2
199
2/9
3
199
3/9
4
199
4/9
5
199
5/9
6
199
6/9
7
199
7/9
8
199
8/9
9
199
9/0
0
200
0/0
1
2001/0
2
200
2/0
3
200
3/0
4
200
4/0
5
200
5/0
6
200
6/0
7
200
7/0
8
200
8/0
9
200
9/1
0
201
0/1
1
201
1/1
2
201
2/1
3
201
3/1
4
201
4/1
5
201
5/1
6
Sow area and fiber production1975/76 to 2015/16
Sow area Production
The cotton crop in Argentina. Currently situation.
Main factors that contributed to the drop in production:
• Biotic and abiotic factors incident- Problems of excesses and
water deficiencies - Deterioration of the soil resource - Management of
phytosanitary problems: cotton boll weevil, herbicide resistant weeds,
blue desease, others.
• Crop management - Changes in the system (harvesting and fiber
contamination, adoption of technology, ginning sector, equipment
necessary for the proper handling of mechanically harvested cotton,
cleaning, humidity ... others).
The cotton crop in Argentina. Currently situation.
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,0001
96
9 /7
0
19
71
/7
2
19
73
/7
4
19
75
/7
6
19
77
/7
8
19
79
/8
0
19
81
/8
2
19
83
/8
4
19
85
/8
6
19
87
/8
8
19
89
/9
0
19
91
/9
2
19
93
/9
4
19
95
/9
6
19
97
/9
8
19
99
/0
0
20
01
/0
2
20
03
/0
4
20
05
/0
6
20
07
/0
8
20
09
/1
0
20
11
/1
2
2013 /2014
20
15
/2
01
6
Cotton Production, total country (ton), annualGMO
BG/RRGMO
RRGMO
BG
VARIETIES OF INTA
Boll weevil
Misiones
and
Formosa B. weevil
Chaco
B. weevil
Santa Fe
B. weevil
Santiago
Anthonomus grandis Boheman
“the cotton boll weevil”
Quarantine pest present
Currently, the pest situation includes:
• Red Zone- Low Quarantine Area (LQA).
• Yellow Zone- Pest Low Prevalence Area
• (PLPA).
• Green Zone- Pest Free Area (PFA)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 2011/2012 2012/2013 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016
Lost area and average yield / hectare
Rinde prom. (km/ha) Sup. perdida (ha)Average yield (Kg/He)Average yield (Kg/He)Average yield (Kg/He)
Boll Weevil
Chaco and Santa Fe
Cotton Area
2004 to 2008
Boll Weevil
Santiago del Estero
Cotton Area
Lost área (he)
Loss estimates in: 380 US dollars/ton
From 2006/2007 to 2015/2016: 220,000,000 US dollars
From 2009/2010 to 2015/2016: 204,000,000 US dollars
The cotton crop in Argentina. Currently situation.
Main factors that contributed to the drop in production:
• Production fluctuations in the last 20 years- Exports /
imports - Volatility of markets - Difficulty in setting a reference price,
others.
• Switch to more profitable crops such as soybeans, sunflower
or corn.
• Stagnant yields.
• Low supply of varieties (GMOs).
Characteristics of Season 2015/16, estimates for 2016/17
The Cotton Season 2015/2016 ended with 390,000 hectares harvested, a
production of 800,000 tons of raw cotton and 200,000 tons of fiber.
Estimates for season 2016/2017
15% decrease in spinning consumption, with a remaining at 130,000 /
135,000 tons.
Production exported towards the end of October: 48,000 ton. Destination of
70% of exports: Asia.
Imports of approximately 4,000 tons of fiber, all coming from Brazil.
For the new sowing of cotton, from November 1, expectations are not the
best.
Sectoral Policies
Production Support
Plan for Sustainable Development and Promotion of Cotton Production (Law
26.060): its objective is to contribute to the cotton crop recovery as a social crop.
Ministry of Agroindustry, since 2007.
Support programs and technical assistance to small and medium farmers: theirs
objective: promote the rural development and family farming.
Sanitary Policy
National Program for Prevention and Eradication of Cotton Boll Weevil:
Monitoring, Eradication, Quarantine control,Training and diffusion of the pest
management.
Technological Policies
Technological agreement between INTA and the cotton Provinces in order to
develop a genetically modified seed variety resistant to cotton boll weevil.
Major Challenges
Increase the competitiveness of the industry and improve cotton
quality through the implementation of PROCALGODON Protocol
at all stages of the production process: production, transport,
ginning and production of fiber bales.
Improve the integration of the different links in the cotton chain.
Improve marketing and export conditions for our country.
Build awareness in the stakeholders about the magnitude of the
problem of boll weevil, in order to completely eradicate the pest.
CONCLUSIONS
Although Argentina does not belong to the countries
designated as "great producers and consumers of cotton
worldwide", the economic and social importance of the
activities generated by the cotton chain are fundamental for
the development of the Argentine cotton provinces.
FINALLY, IT IS ESSENTIAL TO MANAGE THE
GENERATION OF INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES
AND STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE COTTON SECTOR.
Thank you very much!
INTA Chaco Formosa Regional Centre
Saenz Peña Agricultural Experimental Station
Route 95 km 1108 CP3700 Province of Chaco. Argentina.
Phone (54) 9 11 68037960 - (54) 364 4438157
simonella.maria@inta.gob.ar
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